介电聚酰亚胺薄膜研究进展

聚酰亚胺电介质是电气工程、电子信息技术、航空航天等领域的一类重要的绝缘材料,然而在实际应用中依然存在材料设计制备、结构-性能关系与性能调控等方面的问题尚未解决。多重应用场景下介电性能的不匹配限制了聚酰亚胺的创新式发展,成为制约电工、电子信息航空航天领域发展的重要问题。本文基于影响电介质薄膜电-热特性的基本原理,从分子结构改性和复合结构优化等方面详细综述了调控聚酰亚胺高/低介电特性、热稳定性和绝缘强度等综合性能的研究方法和内部机理,总结了当前聚酰亚胺薄膜在能源系统和电子器件中残存的问题及面临的挑战,并为聚酰亚胺薄膜未来的发展及应用提供有意义的指导。     

光敏聚酰亚胺光刻胶及光刻工艺的研究

聚酞亚胺(polyimide简称PI)树脂耐热性,电绝缘性能优良,在机电工业中有着广泛的应用。近年来,它作为微电子工业加工中的辅助材料可用作纯化层及大规模集成电路中的层间绝缘材料,但其需借助其它的粘附材料才得以实现,且工艺复杂。     

低介电常数介质薄膜的研究进展

用低介电常数介质薄膜作金属线间和层间介质可以降低超大规模集成电路(ULSI) 的互连延迟、串扰和能耗。从介质极化的原理出发,揭示了开发低介电常数介质薄膜的可能途径;综述了低介电常数介质薄膜的制备方法、结构与性能表征、工艺兼容性等领域的最新进展。     

本征型聚酰亚胺介电常数的定量构效关系模型构建与研究

综合运用量子化学方法及基团贡献法,采集了78种不同化学结构聚酰亚胺的结构参数.采用通径分析法从16种参数中筛选出了对介电常数具有显著影响的8种结构参数,在此基础上,构建了2种针对聚酰亚胺介电常数的定量构效关系模型,平均相对误差均在10%以内.研究认为影响聚酰亚胺薄膜介电常数的最重要因素为分子体积,从宏观角度来看即体系的自由体积尺寸.评价了2种模型的适用性及稳定性,对比发现人工神经网络模型具备更高的精度,相对误差均在5%以内,多元线性回归模型的精度在10%以内,但具备更好的物理意义.设计了18种低介电常数的聚酰亚胺结构单元,并预测其介电常数.研究发现增加体系的含氟量可以降低其介电常数,最佳含氟量为0.25～0.37之间.侧基占比S/M最佳比例为0.5～0.6左右,侧基占比过大将会导致介电常数上升.基于上述研究,设计了3种超低介电常数的聚酰亚胺结构,其中最低预测介电常数为1.22.     

聚联苯酰亚胺/聚硫醚酰亚胺共混体系的相容性

<正> 聚酰亚胺是一种性能极其优异的高性能树脂,它在许多高技术领域有着极其重要的应用价值。在80年代以前,人们工作的重点是合成出一系列分子结构不同的聚酰亚胺,研究分子结构与性能间的关系,开发聚酰亚胺新品种。自80年代后期,有关高性能树脂聚酰亚胺共混物的研究日益引起人们的关注,其中有关不同分子结构的聚酰亚胺/聚酰亚胺共     

低介电常数含氟聚芳醚的合成

计算机的高速发展 ,对于微电子器件 (例如印刷电路板的基材、多级金属互联结构的绝缘电介质层以及电子封装涂料等 )的耐高温材料的需求越来越迫切 ,因此对具有低介电常数、良好的热稳定性、低吸水率、溶解性好的芳香族聚合物的研究已引起极大关注 .其中低介电常数是至关重要的性能之一 .将含氟基团和大体积侧基等引入聚合物链中 ,是降低介电常数的有效方法 [1,2 ] .含氟芳香聚合物不仅在低介电常数微电子绝缘材料方面有重要的应用前景 ,而且在光波导器件和气体选择性透过膜等方面极具应用潜力 [3 ,4 ] .本文合成了一种高含氟量的新型聚芳醚 …     

低热膨胀聚酰亚胺薄膜的研究进展与展望

聚酰亚胺是一种很有发展前途的高分子材料,热膨胀系数高的问题限制了聚酰亚胺的应用,降低热膨胀系数已成为聚酰亚胺研究热点之一。本文概述了国内外关于降低聚酰亚胺薄膜热膨胀系数的主要方法:分子结构设计法、共聚法、树脂共混法、添加纳米粒子法。阐述了工艺因素(如涂膜方式、牵伸条件等)对聚酰亚胺热膨胀系数的影响,并对未来低热膨胀系数聚酰亚胺薄膜的发展方向进行了展望。     

聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的各向异性导热行为研究与进展

聚酰亚胺薄膜材料在集成电路、光电显示、柔性电子等领域具有广泛应用,然而其较差的导热性能越来越无法满足器件的快速散热需求.在保持耐热、力学等优势性能基础上,发展新一代高导热各向异性的聚酰亚胺薄膜材料成为国内外研究的重点.本文系统总结了聚酰亚胺本征薄膜及聚酰亚胺/导热填料复合薄膜在各向异性导热行为方面的研究进展,重点从聚酰亚胺分子结构设计、各向异性导热机理、填料取向排列、基体相态结构等方面进行了详细介绍.通过对非晶型与液晶型两类聚酰亚胺结构特点的分析,阐述了聚酰亚胺本征薄膜的分子结构与各向异性导热性能的关系;介绍了基于导热填料取向排列和基于基体相分离结构两类复合薄膜的填料取向与导热通路构建方法,深入分析了导热填料在基体中的分散形态对薄膜各向异性导热行为的影响,最后对导热聚酰亚胺薄膜材料面临的挑战进行了总结与展望.     

基于多层结构设计的高储能密度氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合材料

采用逐层涂布、 分层控制固化程度的方法, 利用聚酰胺酸(PAA, 聚酰亚胺前体)溶液和含有氧化石墨烯（GO）的PAA溶液制备了一系列由高绝缘性PI层与GO@PI介电层交替组合而成的界面清晰且紧密衔接的多层复合薄膜. 通过调控介电层中GO含量及分层结构, 使多层复合薄膜兼具高介电常数和高击穿强度特征. 结果表明, 三层复合薄膜PI/1.0GO@PI/PI的击穿强度为261.5 kV/mm, 储能密度达到1.27 J/cm³, 与相同介电层厚度的单层薄膜相比, 击穿强度和储能密度分别提高了97%和144%, 同时, 其介电损耗也保持在较低水平(tanδ=0.0079). 绝缘层和高介电常数层的协同作用提升了氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的储能密度. 这种简单的多层结构设计有利于氧化石墨烯/聚合物复合材料在介质储能领域的应用.     

基于乙炔基-苯并噁嗪单元双重交联反应的聚酰亚胺树脂的制备与性能

为开发可低温固化的聚酰亚胺树脂, 通过分子结构设计将苯并噁嗪单元引入聚酰亚胺树脂中, 合成了含苯并噁嗪单元及乙炔基封端的双官能化新型聚酰亚胺预聚体(PIBzA). 经高温处理, 苯并噁嗪单元发生开环交联, 同时, 乙炔基端基发生三聚成环反应, 从而在固化树脂中形成双重交联网络结构. 苯并噁嗪单元的引入使聚酰亚胺树脂最快固化反应温度降低约32 ℃, 有效降低了固化温度. 同时, 苯并噁嗪单元的引入未大幅度降低树脂的耐热稳定性, 其玻璃化转变温度(T_g)介于266~290 ℃之间, 5%热失重温度(T_d,5%)接近500 ℃, 依然可以满足耐高温复合材料的应用需求. 此外, PIBzA固化树脂具有低介电特性, 其介电常数k介于2.3~3.0, 介电损耗介于0.002~0.008, 可满足透波复合材料及先进微电子封装材料的应用需求.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.