黄原胶热氧稳定性的研究

黄原胶(Xanthangum)是一种生物高分子化合物。它具有许多优异的性能,如:增粘性、悬浮性、耐酸碱等,并有很高的经济价值。对黄原胶的耐热性国外已有报导,KangK.S.等提到黄原胶加热至121℃、15分钟不失重。但黄原胶热稳定性如何、能耐多高的温度等尚未见报导。     

黄原胶分子形貌的电镜研究

本文用扫描电镜研究了温度、超声波处理及浓度对黄原胶分子形貌的影响,并用透射电镜研究了黄原胶单分子的形貌及分子量。认为黄原胶分子在一般情况下具有较规则的二、三、四级结构,论述了其初、高级结构之间的关系,得出了黄原胶分子是由40余个亚基组成的右手双螺旋这一结论,计算出其分子量为6×10~6至25×10~6。     

微乳剂低温稳定性的研究

微乳剂低温稳定性是微乳剂制剂质量技术指标之一.其影响因素主要为有机溶剂、表面活性剂、助溶剂和水质.以本文配制的几种农药微乳剂：2.5％吡虫啉、5％烯唑醇和10％哒螨灵微乳剂为研究对象，提出了微乳剂制剂存在有机溶剂中有效成分的稳定溶解突变点和添加表面活性剂应保持亲水性与亲油性平衡的观点.     

黄原胶物化性质研究进展

黄原胶(Xanthan Gum)是一种阴性菌(Xanthomonas Campestris)胞外异聚多糖,属于生物高分子。它具有增粘性、悬浮性、耐酸碱、抗盐钙等许多优异性能,广泛应用于探矿、钻井、食品等几十个工业部门。因此,自1961年黄原胶问世以来,便引起人们的关注。它的化学结构已被测定,对它的性能研究逐渐展开。由于它是聚电解质、粘度又高、分子量又大,因此,对它的溶液性质的研究十分困难。然而,正是对它的溶液性质研究较多。本文主要综述黄原胶溶液行为研究的进展。     

钙离子诱导的海藻酸钠/黄原胶凝胶化临界行为研究

研究了海藻酸钠/黄原胶混合体系的相行为及其对海藻酸钠-钙离子凝胶化临界行为的影响.当海藻酸钠浓度为0.5 wt%时,随着黄原胶的添加,混合体系出现相容、相分离及液晶3种不同的相行为.与纯黄原胶溶液相比,海藻酸钠/黄原胶混合溶液在更低的黄原胶浓度下开始形成液晶,这是由于混合体系中相分离的发生导致了黄原胶有效浓度升高.利用葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)在线酸化Ca-EDTA,释放钙离子,研究了不同钙离子引入量时(f=[Ca2+]/[COO-])混合体系的黏弹性.Winter-Chambon分析发现临界凝胶点(f gel)随黄原胶浓度的增加而降低.当相分离发生时,临界凝胶点急剧降低,当液晶结构形成后,临界凝胶点呈现上升趋势.通过对比Winter-Chambon方法和临界凝胶点模量松弛法所测得的松弛临界指数(nw和nr),发现黄原胶的添加使海藻酸钠临界凝胶失去结构自相似性.相分离的发生导致临界凝胶结构排列更加致密,而液晶的出现使临界凝胶结构排列相对疏松.     

生物高分子黄原胶的性能、应用与功能化

讨论了黄原胶生物大分子的结构与性能关系，从有关黄原胶的性能、开发应用以及在抗菌素药物负载与控择、分散稳定与防腐作用，及其与有机硅化合物配伍制备消泡表面活性材料等，进行功能化改性方面，综述了近20年来国内外研究状况，并探讨了开展生物高分子黄原胶应用与开发研究的思路。     

GGC型高感乳剂沉降剂的研制

氨法乳剂在微粒高感中起着重要的作用,PA改性胶只能适用于中性法高感乳剂沉降。寻求适用于氨法乳剂制备时所用的改性明胶(GGC型)具有重要的意义。本文研究了多种改性明胶的合成。取代度的测定,沉降条件和复溶性能,沉降过程中明胶及卤化银的回收率以及改性明胶卤化银乳剂的感光性能等。研究结果表明,GGC型改性明胶具有以下的优点:取代度高。沉降诱发期短,沉降的pH范围窄,卤化银的回收率高。在用作氨法乳剂沉降剂时,GGC改性胶远比PA胶优异,表现在:耗酸量少和感光度高。     

黄原胶的分子量

黄原胶是一种具有超高分子量的细菌胞外多糖,只溶于水中,作为增粘剂而得到广泛的应用。由于其侧链上含有可电离的三糖基团,表现出很强的聚电解质行为,因而给分子量及分子量分布的测定带来许多困难。 许多学者对黄原胶的分子量进行了研究。但由于测试方法和实验条件以及样品的差异,     

黄原胶在水溶液中构象的研究

本文用GPC法研究了水溶液中黄原胶的构象及构象的变化。指出在低离子强度下,黄原胶主要是以多分子缔合状态而存在,少量以单分子状态而存在。缔合状态下的黄原胶分子呈分段的双股螺旋构象。     

高效原油破乳剂GE-189的制备与应用研究

以分子量大、活泼氢多、具有分支结构的瓜胶作起始剂，与环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷加成，首次合成出具有分支结构的瓜胶类原油破乳剂GE－189，并把这种破乳剂及其与常规破乳剂F3111的复配体系应用于不同油田原油乳状液的室内破乳脱水试验。结果表明，破乳剂复配体系在脱水速率、脱水效果等方面均优于各现场剂，把这种破乳剂与生物表面活性剂复配，于巴西海上油田原油乳状液的破乳脱水，能够显著提高原油乳状液的破乳脱水速率和脱水体积，两者之间表现出明显的协同作用。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.