气相色谱-双柱双电子捕获检测器测定鱼肉中的有机氯农药

采用气相色谱-双柱双电子捕获检测器(ECD)测定鱼肉样品中的10种有机氯农药(六氯苯、α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六、δ-六六六、七氯、p,p′-DDE、o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDD和p,p′-DDT)。样品经正己烷振荡提取后,提取液经自制酸性硅胶柱净化,采用DB-35MS和DB-5毛细管色谱柱进行双柱双ECD分析。10种有机氯农药的线性范围均为5.0~250μg·L~(-1),检出限(3.143s)在0.2~1.2μg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在85.7%~121%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于16%。     

微波辅助萃取法测定烟草中有机氯类农药残留量

建立了一种微波辅助萃取-固相萃取净化测定烟草中17种有机氯类农药残留量的新方法. 样品用V(正己烷):V(乙酸乙酯)＝1:1提取, 提取液经Florisil固相萃取柱净化后, 采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)进行检测. 17种有机氯农药的0.01、 0.05 mg/kg和0.5 mg/kg加标回收率均在82%以上, RSD在0.11%～8.2%之间, 能满足当前烟草中有机氯农药残留的检测要求.     

近海贻贝、牡蛎中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的气相色谱法测定

应用毛细管柱气相色谱技术对大连近海的贻贝、牡蛎体中的有机氯农药和多氯联苯进行了分析研究;贻贝、牡蛎样品中有机氯和多氯联苯经超声提取、柱色谱分离后 ,由GC -ECD测定 ,检出了8种有机氯农药(α_666、β_666、γ_666、δ_666、o,p′_DDE、p,p′_DDE、p,p′_DDD、p,p′_DDT)和10种多氯联苯(PCB28、PCB52、PCB155、PCB101、PCB112、PCB118、PCB153、PCB138、PCB180、PCB198);有机氯农药含量分布在0.16×10-9～37.9×10-9(w)之间 ,回收率为77 %～89% ;多氯联苯含量分布在0.03×10-9～28.9×10-9(w)之间 ,回收率为75 %～101%。     

微波萃取-全自动凝胶色谱净化-气相色谱法同时测定太湖沉积物中多氯联苯和有机氯

建立了沉积物中多氯联苯和有机氯农药等39种持久性有机污染物的同时测定方法。样品用正己烷和丙酮(体积比为1∶1)进行微波提取,提取溶液经凝胶色谱和弗罗里硅土净化,浓缩后采用气相色谱法测定。回收率在68.8%~84.2%,检出限为0.05~0.25ng/g。方法适用于沉积物样品中多种多氯联苯和有机氯农药含量的同时测定。     

超声波溶剂提取-气相色谱法测定烟草及烟草制品中19种有机氯农药残留

建立了超声波溶剂提取-气相色谱法同时测定烟草及其制品中19种有机氯农药残留。样品采用正己烷-丙酮超声提取,经Florisil固相萃取柱净化后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测法(GC-ECD)进行检测。结果发现,19种有机氯农药加标回收率均在72%以上,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.1%～9.0%,能满足当前烟草中有机氯农药残留的同时快速检测要求。     

固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法对土壤中有机氯农药的分析及基质效应研究

建立了一种固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法同时测定土壤中23种有机氯农药的方法,并研究了不同基质效应补偿方式。土壤样品经正己烷∶丙酮(体积比1∶1)提取,弗罗里土小柱净化,采用气相色谱-质谱仪检测。结果发现7种有机氯存在中/强程度的基质效应;在10 mL二氯甲烷∶正己烷(体积比1∶9)+10 mL丙酮∶正己烷(体积比1∶9)为固相萃取的洗脱剂,且脉冲压力为275.8 kPa条件下,可将23种有机氯的基质效应均控制在20%以内。23种有机氯农药在0.4～10μg·mL~(-1)质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r~2)均不小于0.999 2,检出限为1.0～8.6μg·kg~(-1),定量下限为4.0～34.4μg·kg~(-1);在20、60、100μg·kg~(-1)3个加标水平下空白土壤中的平均回收率为46.3%～127%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.68%～15%。采用该方法在某土壤样品中检出α-六六六、γ-六六六、p,p′-DDE、异狄氏剂醛、p,p′-DDT 5种有机氯农药。     

微波消解-流动注射比浊法快速测定磷石膏中的SO_3

以磷石膏和磷石膏不同分解产物(含CaSO_4和CaS)为原料,采用微波消解,考察了消解压力、HCl浓度、消解时间对样品中硫酸钙溶出率的影响,获得了适宜的消解条件。消解压力为0.4MPa,HCl浓度为2mol/L,消解时间为60s时,磷石膏中CaSO_4的溶出率为98.3%。在此条件下,对磷石膏及磷石膏不同分解产物中SO_3含量进行测定,与传统分析方法相比,微波消解磷石膏样品结果的相对标准偏差均小于4%,方法的加标回收率为101%。最后,通过微波消解同流动注射比浊法的联用,对磷石膏固体样品中的SO_3含量进行测定,微波消解-流动注射比浊法可实现磷石膏不同分解产物样品中的SO_3含量的快速测定,同标准重量法测定结果相比,其相对标准偏差均小于5%。     

微波消解-分光光度法快速测定农药废水中的总磷

利用微波消解技术对农药废水样品进行预处理,然后进行其中总磷的测定,消解时间从传统的高温高压消解30 min缩短到8 min.用微波消解-分光光度法和高压消解-分光光度法对两个农药废水样品进行了6次平行比对测定,测定结果经统计检验无显著性差异.微波消解法测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.483％～0.906％(n=6),加标回收率为95.5％～97.0％.该方法准确、快捷,适用于农药废水中总磷的快速测定.     

利用AFS和LC-AFS测定鱼肉中的总汞与甲基汞

建立了以微波消解和微波萃取实现对鱼肉组织快速高效前处理的方法,对萃取剂的组成及萃取条件进行了优化。使用原子荧光光谱和液相色谱-原子荧光联用仪分析鱼肉组织中总汞(Hg)、无机汞(Hg2+)和甲基汞(CH3Hg+)含量,并研究了流动相对分析测试效果的影响。经过优化实验,在以0.5%(V/V)2-巯基乙醇、5%(V/V)CH3OH和0.15%(m/V)KCl混合溶液作为萃取剂、萃取温度125℃、萃取时间15 min条件下对鱼肉中甲基汞萃取效率最高。流动相最佳组成为5%(V/V)HCl、5%(m/V)KBH4和0.15%(m/V)KCl溶液。分析结果表明,样品鱼肉中的汞形态可分为无机汞和甲基汞,但主要以甲基汞的形式存在。总汞与甲基汞重复测定结果 RSD5%。微波消解处理样品总汞的加标回收率达到94%~106%,微波萃取样品甲基汞的加标回收率达到90%~109%。     

溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定粮食中硫丹类农药残留量

提出了粮食中α-硫丹、β-硫丹、硫丹乙酯、硫丹丙酯和硫丹硫酸盐5种硫丹类有机氯农药的气相色谱测定方法。样品粉碎后以丙酮为溶剂经快速溶剂萃取仪在加热(80℃)状态下静态提取5min、氟罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化后注入毛细管气相色谱仪分离测定。5种硫丹类农药的测定下限(10S/N)分别为0.82～1.75μg.kg-1,平均回收率为88.9%～99.1%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为6.80%～10.23%。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.