C/Cr2O3/TiO2复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

本文以制革含铬革屑为原材料,基于矿物鞣剂复鞣的原理,将Ti(IV)均匀、稳定地负载到含铬革屑上,在氮气氛围下,经高温热解制备得到C/Cr₂O₃/TiO₂光催化剂,并研究了其对四环素(TC)的光催化降解效果及机理。结果表明,C/Cr₂O₃/TiO₂光催化剂具有明显的介孔结构,比表面积较大,为277.47 m²·g^-1,Cr₂O₃和TiO₂已实现复合并负载在生物炭(C)上。通过光催化降解发现,在模拟自然光照下,当催化剂用量为0.04 g,TC初始浓度为50 mg·L^-1,溶液pH为2时,TC的去除率可高达99.99%。结合自由基捕获实验发现,C/Cr₂O₃/TiO₂光催化剂对TC的降解作用主要依靠反应体系中产生的大量·O₂^-,·OH和h⁺。     

三维网状Dy3+:YVO4/TiO2复合纤维的制备及光催化产氢性能

以电纺TiO₂纳米纤维为基质, 柠檬酸为软模板, 采用一步水热法制备了具有三维立体网状结构的稀土Dy ³⁺掺杂YVO₄/TiO₂复合纤维. 通过X射线衍射、 扫描电子显微镜、 X射线光电子能谱、 N₂吸附-脱附、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱及荧光光谱等手段对材料的组成、 表面形貌和性能进行表征, 以光分解水产氢实验考察其光催化活性. 结果表明, Dy ³⁺∶YVO₄纳米枝与TiO₂纳米纤维相互交联构筑的纳米纤维网具有大比表面积, 可提供更多活性位点, 改善了多相光催化反应的传递过程; 稀土Dy ³⁺掺杂的YVO₄与TiO₂复合形成异质结相互促进, 在拓宽光谱响应范围、 提高太阳光利用率的同时使光生电子-空穴对得到较好分离, 从而提高了样品的光催化活性. 模拟太阳光照射下, Dy ³⁺∶YVO₄/TiO₂复合纤维光催化产氢速率达到8.63 mmol· h ^-1·g ^-1, 是纯TiO₂纳米纤维的10倍.     

还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合材料在钠离子电池中的电化学性能

二氧化钛(TiO₂)作为有前景的钠离子电池负极材料, 具有良好的循环稳定性, 但由于其导电率较低, 而导致容量和倍率性能不佳限制了其实际应用. 本文采用喷雾干燥技术制备了氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO₂复合材料(GO/TiO₂), 通过热处理获得还原氧化石墨烯/TiO₂复合材料(RGO/TiO₂). 电化学测试结果表明, 还原氧化石墨烯改性的RGO/TiO₂复合材料的电化学性能得到显著提升, RGO含量为4.0%(w)的RGO/TiO₂复合材料在各种电流密度下的可逆容量分别为183.7 mAh·g^-1 (20 mA·g^-1), 153.7 mAh·g^-1 (100 mA·g^-1)和114.4 mAh·g^-1 (600mA·g^-1), 而纯TiO₂的比容量仅为93.6 mAh·g^-1 (20 mA·g^-1), 69.6 mAh·g^-1 (100 mA·g^-1)和26.5 mAh·g^-1 (600mA·g^-1). 4.0%(w) RGO/TiO₂复合材料体现了良好的循环稳定性, 在100 mA·g^-1电流密度下充放电循环350个周期后, 比容量仍然保持146.7 mAh·g^-1. 同等条件下, 纯TiO₂电极比容量只有68.8 mAh·g^-1. RGO包覆改性极大提高了TiO₂在钠离子电池中的电化学嵌钠/脱钠性能. RGO包覆改性技术在改进钠离子电池材料性能中将有很好的应用前景.     

CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合材料制备及其光催化性能研究

以Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O及Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为原料,NH₄HCO₃为造孔剂,以沉淀法制备了具有介孔结构的CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃光催化材料。研究了不同NH₄∶Al及Ce∶Al摩尔比等条件下制备CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃样品的光催化性能。结果表明,所制备CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃复合材料具有优异的光催化性能,最佳NH₄∶Al及Ce∶Al摩尔比分别为1及0.2,该条件下制备的样品BET比表面积为94.4642 m²·g^-1,孔径为5.8565 nm,对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解率可达93.59%,动力学常数k为0.0218 m...     

CeO2/TiO2复合纳米纤维的制备及光催化性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术和水热合成法制备了CeO₂/TiO₂复合纳米纤维. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和比表面积测定(BET)等分析测试手段对样品的形貌及结构进行了表征, 并以罗丹明B的脱色降解为模式反应, 考察了样品的光催化性能. 结果表明: CeO₂纳米粒子均匀地生长在TiO₂纳米纤维表面, 形成了异质结构的CeO₂/TiO₂复合纳米纤维光催化材料. 通过改变碱源, 可以得到不同形貌的CeO₂. CeO₂的存在增加了TiO₂纳米纤维的比表面积, 有效地实现TiO₂光生电子和空穴的分离, 增强了体系的量子效率, 与纯TiO₂纳米纤维相比光催化活性明显提高. 初步探讨了异质结的形成机理.     

SiO2改性的V2O5-MoO3/ TiO2催化剂抗碱中毒性能研究

以陶瓷为骨架,用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V₂O₅-MoO₃/ TiO₂催化剂,并用SiO₂进行改性。采用浸渍法模拟碱K中毒,研究了SiO₂改性前后催化剂中毒脱硝效率的变化,并通过BET、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,加入SiO₂后,催化剂的比表面积明显提高。SiO₂改性后新鲜催化剂还原温度向低温方向迁移10 ℃左右,氧化还原能力得到了提高,其表面酸强度和酸量也得到较大的提高。反应评价结果表明,SiO₂改性可以提高催化剂抗碱中毒的性能。     

微波辅助合成ZnO-TiO2及其可见光催化脱硝活性

通过对比水热溶胶凝胶法与微波辅助溶胶凝胶法制备的复合TiO₂的光催化性能,最终采用耗时较短且结晶度更好的微波辅助溶胶凝胶法制备了不同复合比例的ZnO-TiO₂材料。ZnO-TiO₂复合材料比表面积和孔容孔径尺寸较TiO₂材料均有明显增大,表面酸性更强,能带结构有利于电子空穴的高效分离,催化还原活性与选择性更强。经光催化脱硝实验优化出ZnO与TiO₂最佳复合比为0.2,对于初始质量浓度为6.83 mg/m³的NO_x,在65 W节能灯照射的光源条件下,可见光催化脱除效率高达85%,NO_x质量浓度提高至13.67 mg/m³,在通入氨氮比为1:1的NH₃后,脱硝效率高达96%,比纯TiO₂的提高43%,质量浓度适用范围较前期研究拓宽近六倍。机理分析认为,整个反应可分成吸附与光催化两个部分,其中,吸附是该反应的速控步骤,NO在吸附氧的作用下被氧化为NO     

Fe3+掺杂TiO2/凹凸棒复合光催化剂的制备和光催化活性

用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe³⁺掺杂TiO₂/凹凸棒（Fe³⁺-TiO₂/ATP）复合光催化剂,对其结构、微观形貌、光吸收性能和可见光下的光催化性能进行了表征。XRD和TEM测试结果表明,Fe³⁺-TiO₂/ATP具有较好的热稳定性,经450 ℃热处理后的ATP晶体结构基本保持不变,锐钛矿TiO2均匀的分布在ATP表面,TiO2颗粒之间无团聚,且平均粒径小于纯TiO₂。UV-Vis-DRS测试结果表明,Fe³⁺的掺杂可明显增强复合光催化剂对可见光的吸收,光响应范围拓展到了整个紫外-可见光区。在可见光下,Fe³⁺-TiO₂/ATP复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝具有很好的催化降解活性。Fe³⁺-TiO₂/ATP的反应速率常数分别为TiO₂/ATP、P25和纯TiO2的1.37、4.83和6.51倍。复合光催化剂的沉降性能优于纯TiO2和P25,易于分离。     

TiO2/石墨烯复合材料的光生电荷分离调控与光催化产氢性能研究

半导体光生电荷分离是光催化过程中的关键步骤之一,其效率极大地影响了最终光催化性能.将TiO₂纳米片与石墨烯复合,能够促进TiO₂中光生电子和空穴的分离,从而提高其光催化活性.为了研究光生电荷的分离对TiO₂/石墨烯复合材料光催化性能的影响,通过调控TiO₂纳米片的尺寸来调节TiO₂/石墨烯复合材料中光生电荷分离的能力,然后研究其对TiO₂/石墨烯复合材料光催化性能的影响.合成了一系列不同厚度的TiO₂纳米片,将其与石墨烯复合,并通过光沉积负载Pt纳米颗粒作为助催化剂,用于光催化产氢.实验结果显示,随着TiO₂纳米片厚度减小,其与石墨烯形成的复合结构的光催化性能显著提高.这主要是由于TiO₂纳米片厚度减小时,光生电子沿厚度方向穿过TiO₂纳米片迁移到石墨烯的距离缩短,从而减少了光生电子在迁移过程中与空穴的复合;同时TiO₂纳米片厚度减小使其比表面积增大,使得TiO₂/石墨烯界面面积增大,从而使石墨烯更好地分离出TiO₂中的光生电子,有更多的光生电子到达石墨烯参与催化反应,提高TiO₂/石墨烯复合材料的光催化性能.此研究表明通过控制TiO₂纳米片的尺寸来调控TiO₂/石墨烯复合材料中光生电子和空穴的分离,是显著提高其光催化性能的有效途径.     

ZnFe2O4/Ag/TiO2复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以硝酸银、钛酸四丁酯、无水氯化锌、六水氯化铁为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法与溶剂热相结合的方法制备了ZnFe₂O₄/Ag/TiO₂复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、X射线粉末衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、振动样品磁强计、紫外可见分光光度计对样品进行表征及测试。结果表明：ZnFe₂O₄/Ag/TiO₂-10具有最佳的光催化效果,在紫外和可见光下对染料的降解率都能达到90%以上,具有优异的紫外可见光光催化活性。ZnFe₂O₄/Ag/TiO₂具有独特的磁性,能在外部磁场作用下进行回收利用,这使其在实际应用中成为可能。通过磁分离技术重复回收利用5次后仍然保持优良的光催化性能,说明ZnFe₂O₄/Ag/TiO₂-10具有优异的磁性及较高的光催化循环稳定性。     

MoS_2/TiO_2复合催化剂的制备及其在紫外光下的光催化制氢活性

为了研究复合光催化剂在光催化中的制氢效率,采用水热法制备了Mo S2纳米片,然后通过水热法在Mo S2纳米片上负载了TiO_2纳米颗粒,形成了Mo S2/TiO_2异质结复合催化剂。采用冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、拉曼光谱(Raman),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料的结构和光学性能表征并进行分析。通过光催化制氢测试对光催化剂进行评价,实验结果表明,在波长为365 nm的紫外光照射下,最高光催化制氢速率为1004μmol·h-1·g-1,对应的催化剂的Mo S2含量为30%,其催化速率远大于单一的Mo S2和TiO_2,表明Mo S2/TiO_2复合催化剂在紫外光照下能显著提高光催化产氢性能。基于Mo S2/TiO_2复合光催化剂优越的光催化产氢性能,本文对复合光催化剂的产氢机理做了研究和分析。     

微波辅助快速制备2D/1D ZnIn2S4/TiO2 S型异质结及其光催化制氢性能

The threat and global concern of energy crises have significantly increased over the last two decades. Because solar light and water are abundant on earth, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through water splitting has been considered as a promising route to produce green energy. Therefore, semiconductor photocatalysts play a key role in transforming sunlight and water to hydrogen energy. To date, various photocatalysts have been studied. Among them, TiO₂ has been extensively investigated because of its non-toxicity, high chemical stability, controllable morphology, and high photocatalytic activity. In particular, 1D TiO₂ nanofibers (NFs) have attracted increasing attention as effective photocatalysts because of their unique 1D electron transfer pathway, high adsorption capacity, and high photoinduced electron–hole pair transfer capability. However, TiO₂ NFs are considered as an inefficient photocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) because of their disadvantages such as a large band gap (~3.2 eV) and fast recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs. Therefore, the development of a high-performance TiO₂ NF photocatalyst is required for efficient solar light conversion. In recent years, several strategies have been explored to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ NFs, including coupling with narrow-bandgap semiconductors (such as ZnIn₂S₄). Recently, microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis has been considered as an important strategy for the preparation of photocatalyst semiconductors because of its low cost, environment-friendliness, simplicity, and high reaction rate. Herein, to overcome the above-mentioned limiting properties of TiO₂ NFs, we report a 2D/1D ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ S-scheme heterojunction synthesized through a microwave (MW)-assisted process. Herein, the 2D/1D ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ S-scheme heterojunction was constructed rapidly by using in situ 2D ZnIn₂S₄nanosheets decorated on 1D TiO₂ NFs. The loading of ZnIn₂S₄ nanoplates on the TiO₂ NFs could be easily controlled by adjusting the molar ratios of ZnIn₂S₄ precursors to TiO₂ NFs. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples for water splitting under simulated solar light irradiation was assessed. The experimental results showed that the photocatalytic performance of the ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ composites was significantly improved, and the obtained ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ composites showed increased optical absorption. Under optimal conditions, the highest HER rate of the ZT-0.5 (molar ratio of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂= 0.5) sample was 8774 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, which is considerably higher than those of pure TiO₂ NFs (3312 μmol·g^-1·h^-1) and ZnIn₂S₄nanoplates (3114 μmol·g^-1·h^-1) by factors of 2.7 and 2.8, respectively. Based on the experimental data and Mott-Schottky analysis, a possible mechanism for the formation of the S-scheme heterojunction between ZnIn₂S₄ and TiO₂ was proposed to interpret the enhanced HER activity of the ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂heterojunctionphotocatalysts.      

共沉淀法制备Ag/AgCl-TiO2空心复合纳米微球及其光催化性能

通过甲基丙烯酸与苯乙烯聚合制备了表面负电性的聚苯乙烯(PSt)纳米乳胶粒. 在乙醇与水的混合溶剂中, 用硅烷偶联剂乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷对其进行表面改性后加入钛酸四丁酯、 氯化钠和硝酸银, 以PSt乳胶粒为模板采用共沉淀法制备了PSt-AgCl-TiO₂复合微球. 在180 ℃对其进行液相预处理及煅烧去除PSt模板后制备了Ag/AgCl-TiO₂空心复合粒子. 对各阶段产物的形貌、 晶体结构和比表面积等进行了表征. 结果表明, 所得产物为Ag/AgCl与锐钛矿型TiO₂复合的空心粒子, 其比表面远大于商品TiO₂(P25). 考察了Ag/AgCl-TiO₂复合粒子在紫外光与可见光下对罗丹明B(RhB)降解的催化活性. 结果表明, 在紫外光下n(Ag)/n(Ti)=0.1%的Ag/AgCl-TiO₂复合粒子活性最高, 30 min时对RhB的降解率比不含Ag/AgCl的TiO₂空心微球提高了13%; 虽然Ag/AgCl-TiO₂在可见光下的催化活性远比紫外光下低, 但与纯TiO₂空心纳米微球相比其催化活性仍明显增强. n(Ag)/n(Ti)=2.0%的Ag/AgCl-TiO₂复合粒子催化活性最高, 120 min时对RhB的降解率比不含Ag/AgCl的TiO₂空心微球提高了38%.     

结构强健的Al2O3-SiO2气凝胶的 制备及可重复使用性能

通过纳米晶组装技术, 构筑了Al₂O₃-SiO₂复合气凝胶; 利用不同组分耐温性的差异, 经过热处理过程得到了骨架强健的Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶. 研究了不同配比及热处理温度对材料微观结构和组分的影响, 确定了最佳制备条件, 得到了比表面积为123.9 m ²/g, 密度为 0.25 g/cm ³, 导热系数为0.029 W·m ^-1·K ^-1的气凝胶材料. 在泡水和冰冻等极端环境下, 气凝胶材料未发生结构的破坏, 模拟10次重复隔热应用(800 ℃, 30 min)后导热系数保持不变. 该隔热性气凝胶的开发有望解决未来飞行器隔热材料需重复使用的技术瓶颈, 为开发新型气凝胶隔热材料提供了新思路.     

Synthesis of Gd-N Codoped Porous TiO2 Photocatalyst and Its Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities

Visible-light-active Gd-N codoped porous TiO₂(Gd-N-TiO₂) photocatalyst was fabricated by an evapora-tion-induced self-assembly route using surfactants as structure-directed agents. As-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) method, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. The results indicated that synergistic reaction occurred when codoping with Gd³⁺ and N, which enhanced the light absorption properties of TiO₂. Irregular worm-like particles with wide interparticle spaces were clearly observed by TEM. The average particle size of Gd-N-TiO₂ decreased to ca. 8 nm because co-doping inhibited the particles growth significantly. Thus, the specific surface area of Gd-N-TiO₂(198.7 m²/g) was higher than that of Degussa P25 TiO₂(50 m²/g). Gd-N-TiO₂ exhibited a high photocatalytic activity toward methyl orange degradation under UV-Vis or visible-light irradiation. The Gd-N-TiO₂ catalyst also presented a stable performance without losing activity after four successive photocatalytic experiments. The facile synthesis and excellent activity of Gd-N-TiO₂ indicated its great potential as industrial catalysts for wastewater treatment.     

Preparation of Sulfur-doped PANI/TiO2 Nanowires and Its Sensing Properties to Mercury

TiO₂ nanowires were successfully prepared via a simple hydrothermal method and a layer of sulfurized polyaniline(PANI) was loaded onto their surface to prepare a sensor of elemental mercury at room temperature. The sulfurized PANI/TiO₂ composite sensor has a high sensitivity to mercury in a range of density from 5.57 mg/m³ to 126.18 mg/m³ at room temperature. The response time and recovery time are relatively short. We also investigated the sensitivity and response time to other interfering gases, such as NO₂, SO₂ and NH₃. And the sulfurized PANI/TiO₂ composite material shows a good selectivity for element mercury. The microscopic structure of the sensor was investigated via X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The sulfurized PANI/TiO₂ composite material shows a high sensitive response, and good selectivity to element mercury, which is promising for the application in the detection of element mercury.     

脉冲沉积制备Cu_2O/TiO_2纳米管异质结的可见光光催化性能

在用阳极氧化法制备有序排列TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜的基础上,引入脉冲沉积工艺,成功实现了均匀、弥散分布的Cu2O纳米颗粒修饰改性TiO2纳米管阵列,形成Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结复合材料.利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、场发射透射电镜(FETEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行表征,重点研究了Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结的光电化学特性和对甲基橙(MO)的可见光催化降解性能.结果表明,Cu2O纳米颗粒均匀附着在TiO2纳米管阵列的管口和中部位置,所制备的Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结具有高效的可见光光催化性能;在浓度为0.01 mol?L-1的CuSO4溶液中制得的Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结表现出最好的电化学特性和光催化性能;另外,对Cu2O纳米颗粒影响光催化活性的机理进行了讨论.     

Enhanced Visible-light Photocatalytic Activity of g-C3N4/Nitrogen-doped Graphene Quantum Dots/TiO2 Ternary Heterojunctions for Ciprofloxacin Degradation with Narrow Band Gap and High Charge Carrier Mobility

Limited visible-light absorption and high recombination rate of photogenerated charges are two main drawbacks in g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts. To solve these problems, g-C₃N₄/nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs)/TiO₂ ternary heterojunctions were facilely prepared via a one-step calcining method. The morphology, structure, optical and electrochemical properties of g-C₃N₄/NGQDs/TiO₂ were characterized and explored. The optimal g-C₃N₄/NGQDs/TiO₂ composite exhibits enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance of ciprofloxacin (CIP) compared with the as-prepared g-C₃N₄, TiO₂(P25) and g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction under visible light irradiation. The apparent rate constant of the composite is around 6.43, 4.03 and 2.30 times higher than those of g-C₃N₄, TiO₂ and g-C₃N₄/TiO₂, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency should be mainly attributed to the improvement of light absorption and charge separation and transfer efficiency, originating from the narrow band gap and high charge carrier mobility. The active species trapping experiments results showed that the h⁺ and ^·O₂^- were the main active species in the degradation process. A possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism of the g-C₃N₄/NGQDs/TiO₂ composite for the enhanced degradation of CIP under visible light irradiation was also proposed.