双波长分光光度法测定矿石中的锡

研究了用双波长光度法在锡-苯芴酮-动物胶体系测定矿石中锡,在测定波长为505 nm和为540 nm时测定锡以消除钼的干扰,锡在5~50μg/50 mL范围内符合郎伯-比耳定律,小于30μg/50 mL钼不干扰锡的测定。     

阿司匹林双嘧达莫片溶出度及含量测定方法研究

建立了阿司匹林双嘧达莫片溶出度和含量的测定方法。采用Amethyst C18-H色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm),以磷酸盐缓冲液-甲醇-乙腈为流动相，梯度洗脱，流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长235 nm。溶出度实验采用篮法，以0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液和磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.8)为溶出介质。结果表明：溶出度实验中双嘧达莫、阿司匹林和水杨酸质量浓度分别在0.5508～49.57、1.668～150.1和0.2004～18.04μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r²≥0.9998),回收率在97.7%～102.0%之间(RSD≤1.0%,n=6)。含量测定实验中阿司匹林和双嘧达莫质量浓度分别在29.71～267.4μg/mL和10.42～93.78μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r²≥0.9999),回收率在98.1%～101.0%之间(RSD<1.0%,n=9)。本方法准确性好、精密度高、操作简单，适用于阿司匹林双嘧达莫片溶出度和含量测定。     

豆类中非淀粉多糖组分糖醛酸的分光光度法测定

糖醛酸为非淀粉多糖中的组分之一 ,浓H2SO4和糖醛酸在70℃时反应 ,可以生成5_甲酰基_2呋喃甲酸 ,该化合物可以用选择性极强的3,5_二甲基酚显色 ,并在450nm波长处产生最大吸收 ;采用双波长分光光度法以消除样品中木质素和中性糖等化合物的干扰 ;测定波长为450nm ,参比波长为中性糖吸收最大的波长400nm ;检出限为2mg·L -1;利用本法测定了几种豆类中非淀粉多糖组分糖醛酸的含量 ,精密度 (以RSD表示 )范围为0.06%～0.14 % ,回收率为96.8 %～103.9 %。     

高效液相色谱多波长同时测定阿咖酚散中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林、水杨酸

采用高效液相色谱多波长同时测定阿咖酚散中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林、水杨酸的含量。使用岛津LC–20AT高效液相色谱仪、Venusil MP–C_(18)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,采用多波长进行分析。流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液(0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液,用磷酸调节pH为2.6±0.1)–甲醇(体积比为7∶3),流量为1.0 mL/min,检测波长:对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因276 nm,阿司匹林254 nm,水杨酸241 nm,柱温为30℃。3种主要成分和有关杂质的分离度良好,标准曲线线性相关系数均大于0.997。乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林、水杨酸的平均回收率分别为99.9%、101.2%、98.4%、99.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.16%、1.35%、1.23%、20.0%(n=5)。多波长法测定阿咖酚散中3种成分及杂质准确、灵敏,可以用于阿咖酚散的定量检测和质量控制。     

分光光度法同时测定多元素的研究 : 以CPA-矩阵法计算混合体系中Mo、W、Ti三元素的含量

本文将CPA-矩阵法用于光度分析中同时对多元素的测定, 确定了在SAF为显色剂、DTMAB为胶束增敏剂的配合体系中以CPA-矩阵法计算Mo、W、Ti三元素含量的各种最佳实验条件, 建立了在该体系中同时测定互相干扰的Mo、W、Ti三元素的分光光度法. 总结了进行多组份测定时选择分析波长的四项原则, 并依此确定了6个测定波长: 510、512、514、516、518、520nm为Mo、W、Ti三元素的测定波长. 依本文建立的方法, 通过对任意含量配比的三元素混合试样进行测定结果极为满意, 方法具有稳定、准确、简便、快速和经济等特点, 便于推广应用.     

铜精矿中二氧化硅含量的快速测定

采用碱熔样硅钼蓝分光光度法测定铜精矿中二氧化硅的含量。讨论了熔融条件、吸收波长、溶液酸度、水浴加热时间、显色时间以及共存离子干扰等条件对测定结果的影响。确定以氢氧化钠为熔剂,在680℃熔融15 min,熔样效果最佳;根据样品中二氧化硅的含量选择波长,当二氧化硅含量小于1%时,选用810 nm为分析波长,二氧化硅含量为1%~15%时,选用650 nm为分析波长;在酸度为0.15~0.20 mol/L盐酸溶液中,水浴加热60 s,显色15min,显色效果为最佳。使用硫酸亚铁铵作为还原剂。方法的加标回收率在94.8%~98.8%之间,5个样品独立测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.26%~4.48%(n=11),标准样品测定结果与标准值吻合。该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于铜精矿中二氧化硅含量的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定钢中Al元素光谱干扰的研究

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定钢中Al元素光谱干扰的情况,研究了在众多谱线中选出最佳分析谱线的通用方法,铝元素只是作为一个例子。配制一系列单一元素光谱干扰研究实验溶液,并在所选分析谱线波长处逐一扫描。通过谱线叠加情况识别谱线干扰情况,排除元素干扰、基体干扰、试剂干扰等,最终确定最佳分析谱线为394.40nm和309.27nm。实验方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.23%～13.8%,元素检出限分别为0.0023%(394.40nm)和0.0011%(309.27nm)。各项指标均符合实验要求,可用于铝含量为0.01%～10.0%的钢铁材料测定。     

双环己酮草酰二腙(BCO)分光光度法测定钢铁中铜

二价铜在pH=9.0~9.5硼酸钠缓冲溶液中与双环己酮草酰二腙(BCO)生成蓝色络合物,其在最大吸收波长600nm处吸光度与铜的浓度符合比尔定律,据此建立了测定铜的方法。实验了铜(Ⅱ)的显色条件、稳定时间、干扰元素的干扰量及干扰元素的排除方法等,实验证明,方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%~2.4%,所测结果与标准值基本一致,方法已成功应用于铸铁、合金钢中0.01%~3.0%铜含量的测定。     

紫外多波长光谱法监测阿司匹林合成过程的水杨酸和阿司匹林

建立测定阿司匹林合成过程中水杨酸、阿司匹林含量和转化率的分析模型。采用紫外多波长扫描乙醇溶液中阿司匹林和水杨酸的紫外光谱,建立水杨酸和阿司匹林紫外光谱的向量长度与其质量浓度的标准曲线,通过斜投影算法分离出待测样本中阿司匹林和水杨酸的紫外光谱。计算光谱向量长度,代入标准曲线得到待测样本中阿司匹林和水杨酸的含量。实验结果表明,水杨酸、阿司匹林的质量浓度与其紫外光谱的向量长度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围分别为2.00~40.00,10.00~200.00μg/m L。水杨酸和阿司匹林测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.16%~2.19%(n=5),加标回收率在93.3%~106.9%之间。该方法快速简便、准确可靠,可满足阿司匹林和水杨酸的同时测定及反应过程中水杨酸转化率监测要求。     

分光光度法测定CO助燃剂中铂含量

建立了用分光光度法测定CO助燃剂中铂含量的方法. 在盐酸介质中,Pt（Ⅳ）被氯化亚锡溶液还原,生成黄色的亚氯铂酸（H₂PtC1₄）,最大吸收波长位于403 nm处. 方法简单、快捷、准确,回收率在97%~103%之间,相对标准偏差小于2.0%. 在优化的实验条件下,助燃剂中的常见元素对测定铂含量无干扰.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。