湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中硒

以全血样品为原料,探讨湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中的硒含量。血样经硝酸-高氯酸消解后,用硼氢化钠将硒还原成硒化氢,由氩气载入原子化器,产生的原子荧光强度与试液中硒元素含量在一定范围内呈正比,外标法定量。以消解效率为指标,优化样品的消解条件,测定血中硒在0-10μg/L范围内线性情况良好,相关系数为0.9992,最低检出限为0.143μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.51%-1.58%,平均加标回收率为90.86%-104.62%。血中硒的原子荧光测定法灵敏度高,精密度和稳定性好,可应用于血中硒的生物监测。     

原子荧光光谱法测定白砂糖和红糖中硒含量

目的：测定白砂糖和红糖中硒含量为研制富硒糖提供科学依据。方法采用微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定白砂糖和红糖中硒含量。结果在确定的最佳仪器条件下,原子荧光光谱法测定白砂糖和红糖中硒的检出限为0.063μg · L-1;白砂糖硒的RSD为2.28％,红糖的RSD为2.13％;白砂糖回收率为103.4％,红糖回收率为99.7％。结论该法具有方法简便、快捷、准确等优点,适用于白砂糖和红糖中硒含量测定。     

原子荧光光谱法测定水中的痕量砷、硒、汞

建立了测定水中痕量砷、硒、汞三种元素的原子荧光光谱法。利用AFS-230型双道原子荧光光度计可双道分析的特点，采用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法联合测定砷、硒，采用冷原子荧光光谱法单独测定汞。As、Se、Hg的线性相关系数分别为：0．9994、0．9995、0．9994，检出限分别为1．60、0．89、0．029μg／L，测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3．8％、5．7％、4．6％，平均加标回收率分别为100．1％、101．4％、99．6％。     

高压釜消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光度法测定土壤中的砷、硒

对高压釜密封消解一氢化物发生原子荧光法测定土壤中砷、硒的方法进行了研究。采用HNO3-HClO4作消解剂，在最佳的消解条件和测定条件下，测定砷、硒的线性回归方程分别为I=244．1c 1．03、I=88．26c 2．86．线性范围均为0．50～10．00μg／L，相关系数均为0．9999，检出限均为0．0002μg/mL。测定土壤中砷、硒的回收率分别为90％～105％、89％～104％，RSD分别为2．2％～4．0％、1．9％～3．1％。     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定天麻粉中的硒

为建立测定天麻粉中硒的方法,采用微波消解技术溶解天麻粉,利用原子荧光法在优化条件下测定了其中硒的含量。结果表明,测定天麻中硒的回收率为93．1％～103．5％,RSD为4．5％。该法具有检出限低、灵敏度高、简便、准确、快速、线性范围宽等特点,能够达到测定天麻中微量硒的要求。     

高压罐消解-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品中的硒

利用高压罐消解-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品中的硒.在4mol/LHCl介质中利用AFS-2201双道原子荧光光度计对国家一级标准物质奶粉进行测定.测定硒元素曲线的浓度在0～100.0 ng/mL之间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998,其检出限为0.47 μg/L.实验结果表明本方法可用于食品中硒含量的测定和监控.     

富硒酵母中硒的连续浸提原子荧光法形态分析

采用连续浸提、氢化物发生一原子荧光法测定研究了富硒酵母中硒的赋存形态。结果表明，富硒酵母中不同形态的硒所占比例从高到低顺序为：碱溶态，水溶态，盐溶态，醇溶态，残渣态；酵母硒中有机态硒达78％以上，主要以碱溶态形式存在。     

巯基棉富集分离分光光度法测定尿硒含量

为探索用巯基棉富集分离分光光度法测定尿硒含量的最佳实验条件,在表面活性剂吐温-80溶液存在下,改变酸度、温度、显色剂用量测定了尿样硒含量。结果表明,该法准确度、精密度高,用于尿硒、血硒含量测定,均能收到满意效果。     

原子荧光光谱法测定野生杏仁中的微量硒

用原子荧光光谱法测定野生杏仁中的微量硒，对酸度、还原剂浓度等条件进行了试验。硒含量在0～10μg/L内与原子荧光强度线性相关，线性方程为Y=16．03X 36．28，相关系数r=0．9998，硒的的检出限为0．5μg／L，加标回收率为95％～105％，测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于5．0％。     

无火焰非色散原子荧光法测定头发,尿及指甲中微量汞

本文研究了无火焰非色散原子荧光法测定头发、尿及指甲中微量汞的方法。方法简便快速、灵敏。在选定的条件下,方法检出限为:头发0.0025μg/g Hg,尿0.0023μg/ml Hg,指甲0.0020μgHg/g。工作曲线线性范围0.001～0.100μg/2ml Hg。相对标准偏差(n=16)小于4％;标准回收率95％～106％。36种共存元素其含量低于允许存在量,不干扰汞的测定。     

Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods. III Extension of PM3 to Be,Mg, Zn,Ga, Ge,As, Se,Cd, In,Sn, Sb,Te, Hg,Tl, Pb,and Bi

Using a recently developed procedure for optimizing parameters for semiempirical methods,¹ PM3 has been extended to a total of 28 elements. Average ΔH_f errors for the newly parameterized elements are Be: 8.6, Mg: 8.4, Zn: 5.8, Ga: 14.9, Ge: 11.4, As: 8.5, Se: 11.1, Cd: 2.6, In: 11.3, Sn: 9.0, Sb: 13.7, Te: 11.3, Hg: 6.8, Tl: 6.5, Pb: 7.4, and Bi: 10.9 kcal/mol. For some elements the paucity of data has resulted in a method, which, while highly accurate, is likely to be only poorly predictive.     

Thin-layer chromatographic separation of aldrin,dieldrin, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane,malathion, ethyl-parathion,pentachlorophenol, and of chlordane,dieldrin, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane,malathion, ethyl-parathion,and pentachlorophenol from each other

A thin-layer chromatographic method is reported for the separation of aldrin (or chlordane), dieldrin, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, malathion, ethyl-parathion, and pentachlorophenol from each other. The procedure, however, does not separate aldrin and chlordane from each other although it does separate either pesticide from the other components. The method employs alumina plates with n-hexane:xylene:benzene:toluene:cyclohexane:methyl cyclohexane (50:50:50:50:50:50:) as developing solvent.     

Certification of the mass fractions of Ca,Cu, Cl,I, Fe,K, Mg,P, Pb,N, Na and Zn in skim milk powder

Analyses of milk and milk products are routinely performed by a number of dairy laboratories to control the quality of these products with regard to e.g. nutritional components and potential exposure to toxic elements. In order to improve and control the quality of such analyses the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) has organized series of certification campaigns to produce reference material of milk certified for a variety of elements and compounds. The increasing demand is such that the stock of some of these materials is now exhausted. Consequently, the BCR decided to produce a new batch of CRM of skim milk powder certified for its contents of Ca, Cu, Cl, I, Fe, K, Mg, P, Pb, N, Na and Zn (CRM 063R). This material was carefully prepared (spray-drying) and its homogeneity and long term stability was verified. This paper presents the certification work performed.     

Stereochemistry of the oxidation of 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-octahydro-1-naphthoic acids

Summary It was shown that the oxidation of syn- and anti-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1-naphthoic acids with peroxyacetic acid and with osmium tetraoxide proceed stereospecifically from the side opposite to that of the carboxy group. On the other hand, the oxidation of syn-cis-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1, 2-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid goes in both of the possible sterically different directions with formation of isomeric- and-epoxides.     

Prediction of the enthalpy of vapourisation for anhydrides,formates, acetates,propionates, butyrates,esters, and ethers

Four analytical correlations based on the use of the corresponding states principle were used to calculate the enthalpy of vapourisation of fluids. Three of these correlations require as inputs the critical temperature and the acentric factor. The fourth requires a molecular Lennard–Jones parameter and the acentric factor. Results for 184 polar and non-polar fluids grouped into 9 families are compared with the values accepted by the Design Institute for Physical Property (DIPPR) project. Recommendations are given for the use of each model and for the choice of the adequate model for each family of fluids.     

Certification of the contents of As, B, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Ti, V and Zn in a natural Moroccan phosphate rock

Summary The preparation and homogeneity tests of a natural Moroccan phosphate rock are described. The experimental procedures leading to the certification of the contents of As, B, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Ti, V and Zn are presented. The Pb-content is given as a recommended value. Indicative values are proposed for Ag, Mo, Sb, Se, Th and U. The certification has been carried out in participation with 11 laboratories from different European countries.

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Zertifizierung der Gehalte an As, B, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Ti, V und Zn in einem natürlichen Marokkanischen Phosphatgestein

Zusammenfassung Die Aufbereitung und die Homogenitätskontrollen eines natürlichen Marokkanischen Phosphatgesteins werden beschrieben. Die experimentellen Arbeiten, die zur Zertifizierung der genannten Gehalte geführt haben, werden angegeben. Für Blei wird ein empfohlener Wert gegeben. Indikative Werte werden für Ag, Mo, Sb, Se, Th und U vorgeschlagen. Die Zertifizierung wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit 11 Laboratorien aus verschiedenen europäischen Ländern durchgeführt.

     

ICP-AES法测定铝中铁、硅、铜、镓、镁、锌、锰和钛

用 50g L氢氧化钠溶液溶解铝样品 ,硝酸 (1 1 )酸化 ,以ICP AES测定其中铁、硅、铜、镓、镁、锌、锰和钛等 8种杂质元素。     

ICP-MS测定化妆品中铍、镉、铊、铬、砷、碲、钕、铅

目的：建立化妆品中铍、镉、铊、铬、砷、碲、钕、铅8种有害元素的测定方法。方法：采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,样品采用微波消解,以钇、锂、铟、铋为内标作定量分析。结果：各元素和内标元素在一定浓度范围内的质量数比值均与浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性方程的相关系数均大于0.9998,平均回收率为95%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3%。结论：该方法灵敏度高,准确,可为化妆品中上述元素的限量检查提供参考。