血红蛋白作为催化剂高灵敏测定过氧化氢

用血红蛋白作为过氧化物酶的替代物,用于催化H2O2氧化对甲基酚的反应体系.研究发现,血红蛋白作为过氧化物酶的替代物,其催化活性比Hemin、β-CD-Hemin等过氧化物模拟酶要高.建立了高灵敏测定痕量H2O2的荧光分析法.该法的线性范围为3.19×10-8～3.19×10-6 mol/L,检出限为8.85×10-10 mol/L.用于雨水中H2O2的测定,结果满意.     

基于血红蛋白的过氧化物酶特性测定其在血浆中游离态含量

基于血红蛋白 (Hb)的过氧化物酶特性 ,研究了以铬黑T(EBT)作为其氢供体底物时的酶动力学行为。实验测定了Hb作为辣根过氧化物酶 (HRP)的替代物的类酶催化米氏常数和米氏速率。对Hb催化H2 O2 氧化铬黑T的机理作了探讨。建立了测定Hb的催化动力学光度法 ,方法的线性范围为 2× 10 - 8mol/L～ 2× 10 - 6mol/L ,检出限为 3.6× 10 - 9mol/L。用于血浆中游离Hb的测定 ,结果满意。     

氯化血红素作为过氧化物模拟酶与HRP的比较研究

用荧光光谱和紫外－可见吸收光谱研究了氯化血红素（hemin)催化过氧化氢与对羧基苯丙酸反应的动力学和反应产物,表明hemin同时具有模拟过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶的活性,在反应过程中hemin自身被氧化分解。hemin催化反应的产物除与天然的辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）催化的产物相同（λex/λem=310nm/406nm）外,还有激发峰在258nm和300nm,发射峰在360nm的荧光物质。通过对产物光谱特性的比较,研究了hemin和HRP的特异性差异。该研究结果对进一步筛选和研究高特异性过氧化物模拟酶具有重要的指导意义。     

过氧化物模拟酶空间结构及介质微环境对酶催化反应的影响

在水溶液及胶束介质中分别研究了血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb),β环糊精氯化血红素(βCDhemin)和氯化血红素(hemin)作为过氧化物模拟酶对隐性亮绿(recessivebrilliantgreen,RBG)H2O2(或溶解氧)体系的催化特性。在Tween80存在下,通过测定米氏常数Km和Vmax,比较了酶催化活性的大小,结果表明催化活性Hb>βCDhemin>hemin。分别研究了辣根过氧化物酶(horseradishperoxidase,HRP),βCDhemin,hemin和四羧基苯基锰卟啉(MnTCPP)对4氨基安替比林(4AAP)2,3,4三氯苯酚(2,3,4trichlorophenol,TCP)体系的催化显色作用,酶及模拟酶催化活性比较为HRP>βCDhemin>hemin>MnTCPP。根据实验结果,讨论了胶束介质对RGB溶解氧催化体系的作用方式以及4AAPTCP酶催化体系的MichaeliMenten方程,并从不同空间结构(结合部位)模拟过氧化物酶催化性能的角度讨论了结合部位在酶催化反应中的有效作用。     

鹰嘴豆β—半乳糖苷酶的研究：催化水解ONPG酶促反应动…

研究了鹰嘴豆发芽种子的β－半乳糖苷酶Ｉ和β－半乳糖苷酶Ⅱ在催化水解邻硝基苯酚－β－Ｄ半乳糖苷酶促反应中的催化性质和反应动力学，求得不同反应温度的米氏常数ＫＭ、最大反应速率ｒｍ和反应活化能Ｅａ等动力学参数，并以各种特征化学修饰剂对β－半乳糖苷酶Ｉ中的活性基团进行了化学修饰。关联修饰情况与酶活性的关系，推知β－半乳糖苷酶Ｉ中有色氨酸和巯基存在。它们是酶活性中心的组成基团，而该活性中心至少含有１个色氨酸     

β-环糊精修饰氯化血红素的合成、表征及人工酶性质

血红素是含有铁卟啉的天然化合物。以天然的或人工的金属卟啉模拟过氧化物酶是近年来研究的活跃领域^[1]。本研究认为,β-环糊糈(βCD)在结合某些酶底物或药物有更合适的空腔尺寸,将氯化髙铁血红素(Hemin)共价结合上去在仿生化学中有广泛的应用。本文用DCC缩合法合成了βCD-Hemin,作为过氧化物酶的底物的共受体,并将其均相催化动力学性质与天然酶(HRP)、氯化血红素辅基模型进行比较,应用光谱法通过监测在弱酸性介质中H₂O₂氧化隐色孔雀绿(MGL)生成孔雀绿(MG)染料的变化过程,来研究其仿生催化反应机理。     

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶模拟物2-位碲桥联环糊精的合成及催化作用

 以β－环糊精（CD）为酶模型，将Te引入β－环糊精中，成功地合成出一种新的水溶性好、活力高的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）小分子模拟物2－TeCD，并对其结构进行了表征．采用Wilson辅酶偶联法，间接测定了2－TeCD催化还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）还原H2O2的GPX活力为46．7U／μmol，与文献报道的数据相比，2－TeCD的GPX活力最高．通过考察2－TeCD催化GSH还原H2O2反应的动力学，发现反应初速度对底物浓度的双倒数曲线为一组平行线，表明2－TeCD所遵循的催化机制可能为三转移乒乓机制．通过考察自由基捕获剂2，4－二叔丁基甲基苯酚对酶促和自发反应速率的影响，发现2－TeCD催化的酶促反应为非自由基机理．通过考察酶不可逆抑制剂碘乙酸对酶促反应速率的影响，发现2－TeCD催化反应过程中不生成碲醇中间体．由此推测出2－TeCD的催化循环经历碲硫化合物、次碲酸硫酯和次碲酸中间体．该催化循环与含硒GPX小分子模拟物所经历的催化循环不同，以及环糊精对底物具有识别与结合的能力，可能是2－TeCD具有高GPX活力的主要原因．     

鹰嘴豆β－半乳糖苷酶的研究──催化水解ONPG酶促反应动力学及其活性位的化学修饰

研究了鹰嘴豆发芽种子的β－半乳糖苷酶Ⅰ和β－半乳糖苷酶Ⅱ在催化水解邻硝基苯酚－β－Ｄ－半乳糖苷酶促反应中的催化性质和反应动力学，求得不同反应温度的米氏常数ＫＭ、最大反应速率ｒｍ和反应活化能Ｅａ等动力学参数，并以各种特征化学修饰剂对β－半乳糖苷酶Ⅰ中的活性基团进行了化学修饰。关联修饰情况与酶活性的关系，推知β－半乳糖苷酶Ⅰ中有色氨酸和巯基存在。它们是酶活性中心的组成基团，而该活性中心至少含有１个色氨酸和２个巯基，探讨了酶的活性位及其催化作用机理。     

β-环糊精修饰氯化血红素在弱碱介质中的仿酶性质研究

将β-环糊精共价结合的氯化血红素(βCD-Hemin)作为过氧化物酶底物的共受体, 将其均相催化动力学性质与天然酶HRP或锰卟啉等辅基模型物进行比较,应用光谱法通过测量H₂O₂、苯酚和4-氨基安替比林(AAP)作用生成醌式染料的反应来研究其仿生催化机理。     

谷胱甘肽过氧化酶模拟物2—位碲桥联环糊精的合成及催化作用

以β-环糊精（CD）为酶模型，将Te引入β-环糊精中，成功地合成出一种新的水溶性好，活力高的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）小分子模拟物2－TeCD，并对其结构进行了表征，采用Wilson辅酶偶联法，间接测定了2－TeCD催化还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）还原H2O2的GPX活力为46.7U/μmol，与文献报道的数据相比，2－TeCD的GPX活力最高，通过考察2－TeCD催化GSH还原H2O2反应的动力学，发现反应初速度对底物浓度的双倒数曲线为一组平行线表明2－TeCD所遵循的催化剂可能为三转移乒乓机制，通过考察自由基捕获剂2，4－二叔丁基甲基苯酚对酶促和自发反应速率的影响，发现2－TeCD催化的酶促反应为非自由基机理。通过考察酶不可逆抑制剂碘乙酸对酶促反应速率的影响，发现2－TeCD催化反应过程中不生成碲醇中间体，由此推测出2－TeCD的催化循环经历碲硫化合物，次碲酸硫酯和次碲酸中间体，该催化循环与含硒GPX小分子模拟物所经历的催化循环不同，以及环糊精对底物具有识别与结合的能力，可能是2－TeCD具有高GPX活力的主要原因。     

Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide by using the cleavage of Eriochrome black T in the presence of peroxidase

A new hydrogen donor for peroxidase, Eriochrome black T, was reported for the first time. Steady-state catalytic velocity depends upon enzyme and substrate concentrations, and a Michaelis-Menten K(m) value of 1.72x10(-5) mol l(-1) and a V(max) value of 4.43x10(-3) s(-1) were measured at pH 8.6. Trace amount of hydrogen peroxide (2x10(-7)-1.0x10(-5) mol l(-1)) was determined in aqueous solution by using the cleavage of Eriochrome black T catalyzed by peroxidase. The method is simple and practical, with high sensitivity and enzymatic activity.     

Metal ion induced allosteric transition in the catalytic activity of an artificial phosphodiesterase

An artificial phosphodiesterase () bearing two types of metal binding sites, a catalytic site and a regulatory bipyridine site showed a unique allosteric transition in the catalytic activity against the metal concentration. The rate constants for the hydrolysis reaction of 2-hydroxypropyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNP) and RNA dimer (ApA) with and without an effector metal ion were evaluated; the k(obs) value of HPNP hydrolysis for .(Zn(2+))(3) (2.0 x 10(-4) s(-1)) is 3.3 times larger than that for .(Zn(2+))(2). In the case of and Cu(2+), a 19.4 times larger k(obs) value was obtained for .(Cu(2+))(3) (1.2 x 10(-3) s(-1)) against .(Cu(2+))(2). The increase in the catalytic activity is ascribed to the allosteric conformational transition of induced by the coordination of effector metal ion to the Bpy moiety. A detailed investigation revealed that a conformational change of induced by the third M(2+) complexation enhances the rate of hydrolysis rather than a change in the substrate affinity.     

水/有机两相体系中钌膦配合物催化苯乙酮及其衍生物的不对称加氢反应

 将手性二胺(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺二磺酸钠((1S,2S)-DPENDS)修饰的钌膦配合物用于催化水/有机两相体系中苯乙酮的不对称加氢. 结果表明, (1S,2S)-DPENDS和KOH的浓度对反应有很大影响,二者的协同作用使配合物的催化活性和产物的对映选择性大大提高. 对温度、压力、底物/钌的摩尔比和膦配体/钌摩尔比等反应条件进行优化后,以［RuCl2-(TPPTS)2］2为催化剂前体催化苯乙酮不对称加氢时,产物的ee值可达66.4%, 催化剂经过简单的相分离即可循环使用.     

血红蛋白在月桂酸修饰玻碳电极的电催化行为

研究血红蛋白在月桂酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,在0.02mol.L-1KH2PO4-Na2HPO4(pH=7)的缓冲液中,+0.6～-0.7V(vs.Ag/AgCl)电位范围内,Hb于该修饰电极产生不可逆还原电流峰.还原峰电流ip与v1/2呈线性关系,ip随溶液pH值和血红蛋白浓度的增加而增大,其浓度在1.00×10-8～5.00×10-9mol.L-1和1.92×10-6～2.06×10-7mol.L-1范围内分段呈线性变化关系.实验数据经进一步分析拟合,得到更精确的信息.该电极可作为检测血红蛋白的新型电化学生物传感器.     

CeZrYLaO对Fe基整体式稀薄甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了高性能低铈储氧材料Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.07La_0.03O_1.95(OSM,储氧材料)和胶溶法制备了耐高温、高比表面的La-Al₂O₃并以它们为载体,制备了一系列整体式铁基催化剂。考察了该系列催化剂对甲烷稀薄燃烧的催化性能,并用低温N₂吸附-脱附,储氧能力(oxygen storage capacity,OSC),XRD,XPS和H₂-TPR等测试手段对载体和催化剂进行了表征。活性测试结果表明所制得的整体式催化剂Fe/OSM+La-Al₂O₃可在50 000 h^-1的高空速条件下使含量为1%的甲烷在474 ℃起燃,565 ℃完全转化;低温氮吸附-脱附测试结果表明,所制得的Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.07La_0.03O_1.95经1 050 ℃焙烧5 h后的BET比表面积达33 m²·g^-1,孔容为0.14 mL·g^-1;La-Al₂O₃经1 050 ℃焙烧5 h后的BET比表面积达125 m²·g^-1,孔容为0.46 mL·g^-1,是优良的催化剂载体;OSC测试结果表明,加入储氧材料(oxygen storage material(OSM))能增加催化剂的储氧性能,有利于催化活性的提高;XRD测试结果表明,OSM以均一固溶体存在;XPS测试结果表明,Fe₂O₃与OSM载体之间的相互作用最强;H₂-TPR测试结果表明,加入OSM能增加催化剂的还原性能,从而提高了催化活性。     

Physico-chemical properties and cytotoxicity assessment of PEG-modified liposomes containing human hemoglobin

PEGylated liposomes encapsulating human hemoglobin as oxygen carriers were prepared from purified carbonylhemoglobin (HbCO) solution and a lipid mixture composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[poly(ethylene glycol) 2000] (DMPE-PEG(2000)) and palmitic acid. Hemoglobin was extracted and purified from human blood samples. SDS-PAGE was used to assess its purity. Diameter of liposomes containing hemoglobin was controlled to approximately 200 nm using extrusion as measured by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Liposome size distributions were shown to remain unimodal over 14 days, even at different storage temperatures. Zeta potential measurements revealed that liposome containing hemoglobin have a net surface charge of -7.16+/-0.33 mV. Also, hemoglobin encapsulated in liposomes was able to perform several cycles of oxygen loading and unloading using oxygen (O(2)) and carbon monoxide (CO). The hemoglobin vesicle dispersion showed some toxicity as revealed by three in vitro assays in which endothelial cell (HUVECs) monolayers were exposed to these dispersions. Cytotoxicity was function of the liposome concentration in the culture medium.     

Stopped-flow spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide with hemoglobin as catalyst

A rapid and sensitive method was proposed for the determination of hydrogen peroxide based on the catalytic effect of hemoglobin using o-phenylenediamine as the substrate. Stopped-flow spectrophotometric method was used to study the kinetic behavior of the oxidation reaction. The catalytic effectiveness of hemoglobin was compared with other four kinds of catalysts. The initial rate of the formation of the reaction product 2,3-diaminophenazine at the wavelength of 425 nm was monitored, permitting a detection limit of 9.2x10(-9) mol/l H(2)O(2). A linear calibration graph was obtained over the H(2)O(2) concentration range 5.0x10(-8)-3.5x10(-6) mol/l, and the relative standard deviation at a H(2)O(2) concentration of 5.0x10(-7) mol/l was 2.08%. Satisfied results were obtained in the determination of H(2)O(2) in real samples by this method.     

血红蛋白作为过氧化物模拟酶催化显色体系的研究与应用

研究了以血红蛋白（Ｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ,Ｈｂ）作为过氧化物模拟酶对过氧化氢－４－氨基安替比林（４－Ａｍｉｎｏａｎｔｉｐｙｒｉｎｅ,４－ＡＡＰ）氯取代苯酚衍生物显色体系的催化反应性能,探讨了不同氯取代苯酚类衍生物作为酶催化反应氢供体底物的构效关系及酶催化反应的可能机理。拟定了Ｈｂ催化Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化４－ＡＡＰ－２,３,个三氯苯酚（２,３,４－Ｔｒｉｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｅｎｏｌ,ＴＣＰ）显色体系用于Ｈ２Ｏ２的测定方法。该方法测定Ｈ２Ｏ２灵敏度高,表观摩尔吸光系数为 ２．２１×１０４ Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。将拟定方法与葡萄糖氧化酶催化反应偶联,用于人血清样品中葡萄糖含量的测定,得到满意的结果。     

Communication: determination of the bond dissociation energy (D0) of the water dimer, (H2O)2, by velocity map imaging

The bond dissociation energy (D(0)) of the water dimer is determined by using state-to-state vibrational predissociation measurements following excitation of the bound OH stretch fundamental of the donor unit of the dimer. Velocity map imaging and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) are used to determine pair-correlated product velocity and translational energy distributions. H(2)O fragments are detected in the ground vibrational (000) and the first excited bending (010) states by 2 + 1 REMPI via the C? (1)B(1) (000) ← X? (1)A(1) (000 and 010) transitions. The fragments' velocity and center-of-mass translational energy distributions are determined from images of selected rovibrational levels of H(2)O. An accurate value for D(0) is obtained by fitting both the structure in the images and the maximum velocity of the fragments. This value, D(0) = 1105 ± 10 cm(-1) (13.2 ± 0.12 kJ/mol), is in excellent agreement with the recent theoretical value of D(0) = 1103 ± 4 cm(-1) (13.2 ± 0.05 kJ∕mol) suggested as a benchmark by Shank et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 130, 144314 (2009)].     

Acetone oxidation using ozone on manganese oxide catalysts

Supported manganese oxide catalysts were prepared by the impregnation of alumina foam blocks washcoated with alumina and silica. The manganese content based on the weight of the washcoats was 10 wt % calculated as MnO2. Fourier transform profiles of the Mn K-edge EXAFS spectra for these samples gave three distinctive peaks at 0.15, 0.25, and 0.32 nm and were close to the profiles of Mn3O4 and beta-MnO2. The number of surface active sites was determined through oxygen chemisorption measurements at a reduction temperature (Tred = 443 K) obtained from temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) experiments. Acetone catalytic oxidation was studied from room temperature to 573 K, and was found to be highly accelerated by the use of ozone on both catalysts with substantial reductions in the reaction temperature. The only carbon-containing product detected was CO2. The alumina-supported catalyst was found to be more active than the silica-supported catalyst in acetone and ozone conversion, with higher turnover frequencies (TOFs) for both reactions. The pressure drop through the foam was low and increased little (0.003 kPa/10 000 h(-1)) with space velocity. In situ steady-state Raman spectroscopy measurements during the acetone catalytic oxidation reaction showed the presence of an adsorbed acetone species with a C-H bond at 2930 cm(-1) and a peroxide species derived from ozone with an O-O bond at 890 cm(-1).