氢水液相交换反应用高分散度Pt/C/FN疏水催化剂制备及Pt粒径效应研究

以乙二醇代替常规的异丙醇为分散溶剂, H₂PtCl₆为前驱体溶剂, 甲醛为还原剂, 采用改进浸渍还原法制备Pt/C催化剂, 用XRD, TEM和XPS对其进行表征. 改进浸渍还原法容易制备高分散度Pt/C催化剂, 催化剂Pt粒径大小可通过改变溶液pH值控制, pH值从1.6增加至11.3, 铂纳米粒子的平均粒径由3.3 nm减小到1.8 nm. pH值11.3时催化剂中Pt(0), Pt(II)和Pt(IV)的含量分别为43.3%, 30.8%和25.9%. 选择不同Pt粒径大小的Pt/C催化剂与聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)一起负载于泡沫镍(FN), 得到Pt/C/FN疏水催化剂, 考查其对氢水液相交换反应的催化活性, Pt粒径越小, 催化剂活性越高.     

Ir0.08Ti0.92O2及其载Pt催化剂的制备与电催化性能

采用TiN浸渍热分解法制备了低铱含量Ir0.08Ti0.92O2纳米粉体,再通过微波辅助制备Pt/Ir0.08Ti0.92O2催化剂,并与采用传统亚当斯法制备的IrO2和商品化Pt/C进行对比研究.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量散射谱(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对产物进行了分析.结果表明,Ir0.08Ti0.92O2是一种纳米棒状金红石相固溶体,直径约15 nm,担载Pt粒度5~7 nm,其中本体Ir/Ti原子比为0.084∶0.916,表面Ir/Ti原子比为0.296∶0.704,表明Ir在表面发生富集.经稳态极化曲线和线性扫描伏安测试得到析氧反应的本征催化活性由高到低为Ir0.08Ti0.92O2>Pt/Ir0.08Ti0.92O2>IrO2,前两者性能相近;Pt/Ir0.08Ti0.92O2的氧还原反应活性低于Pt/C,需进一步优化载Pt粒度.研究结果表明,Ir0.08Ti0.92O2既是高效、低成本的析氧反应催化剂,也是高性能载体材料,这使Pt/Ir0.08Ti0.92O2作为双效催化剂在成本、催化性能和稳定性上具有更大优势,也可作为优异的析氢反应催化剂.     

Pt-Ir/Al2O3催化剂催化2-氧-4-苯基丁酸乙酯不对称加氢

用浸渍法制备了一系列γ-Al2O3负载的Pt、Ir单金属及不同Pt/Ir比例的双金属催化剂,在辛可尼定修饰下用于对2-氧-4-苯基丁酸乙酯不对称加氢合成(R)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯反应.运用XRD、TEM、TPR、XPS、UV-Vis等表征手段,对催化剂的物化性质进行了研究,并对Pt、Ir金属表面辛可尼定手性诱导机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,金属组分在催化剂上分散均匀,无团聚现象,平均粒径为3～4 nm;Pt-Ir/γ-Al2O3上Pt、Ir组分以单质形式存在;Ir作为低活性物种,在Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂掺杂Ir组分遮盖和稀释了催化剂表面总体Pt活性位点数目,降低了Pt-Ir/γ-Al2O3催化剂加氢性能.辛可尼定在Pt、Ir表面的不同吸附行为(吸附方式、吸附强度、吸附构象)影响EOPB不对称加氢活性和对映选择性.     

质子交换膜燃料电池Pd修饰Pt/C催化剂的电催化性能

通过对Pt催化剂表面进行Pd修饰提高质子交换膜燃料电池阴极催化剂的氧还原反应(ORR)活性. 采用乙二醇还原法制备了不同比例的Pd修饰Pt/C催化剂. 透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试结果表明, 制备的催化剂贵金属颗粒粒径主要分布在1.75～2.50 nm之间, 并均匀地分散在碳载体表面. 循环伏安方法(CV)研究表明Pd修饰Pt/C催化剂的电化学活性面积低于传统的Pt/C催化剂. 但通过旋转圆盘电极(RDE)测试研究发现, 制备的催化剂具有比传统Pt/C催化剂高的ORR活性.     

Pt纳米催化剂在质子交换膜燃料电池催化层中的尺寸效应研究

以XC-72碳黑为载体, H2[PtCl6]为前驱体, 采用浸渍还原法并结合后续高温处理, 制备出不同尺寸Pt颗粒(3～8 nm)的Pt/C催化剂. 在基于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)单电池的电化学电解池中, 对实际PEMFC催化层中燃料电池反应的Pt催化剂尺寸效应进行了研究. 结果表明, 在PEMFC催化层环境中, Pt/C纳米催化剂对氢氧化和氧还原反应均有显著的粒度尺寸效应. 随着Pt粒度减小, 氢氧化和氧还原反应的表面积活性均降低.     

富氧条件下Ir催化NO反应

用浸渍法制备了系列Ir催化剂, 研究了富氧条件下Ir催化NO的反应, 考察了催化剂的催化反应性能及负载量和载体对催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 在Ir催化剂上不仅发生了NO氧化反应, 同时也发生了NO还原反应; Ir催化剂对NO反应有催化作用, 催化活性随Ir负载量的增加而增强. 载体对催化剂活性有一定的影响, 负载量低于0.1%(w)时, 催化NO氧化的活性顺序为Ir/ZSM-5>Ir/γ-Al2O3>Ir/SiO2, 这主要受载体自身性质的影响; 负载量高于0.1%时, 催化NO氧化的活性顺序为Ir/ZSM-5>Ir/SiO2>Ir/γ的活性顺序为Ir/γ-Al2O3>Ir/SiO2>Ir/ZSM-5, 这主要由于载体吸附作用促进了NO2在Ir催化剂上吸附分解. 与Pt催化剂相比, Ir催化剂更有利于促进NO还原.     

高分散在氮掺杂碳纳米管表面铂纳米粒子的高效甲醇电氧化性能

以氮掺杂碳纳米管(NCNT)为载体,利用掺杂氮原子的锚定作用,通过微波辅助乙二醇还原法方便地将Pt纳米粒子高分散地固载于NCNT表面,制得了Pt/NCNT系列催化剂,对催化剂制备规律、电催化甲醇氧化反应(MOR)性能及构效关系开展了系统深入的研究。结果表明,随Pt负载量在18.2%~58.7%(w/w,下同)范围增加,Pt纳米粒子的粒径在2.2~3.7 nm范围相应地逐渐增大。单位质量催化剂的MOR催化活性先增加后急剧减小,在负载量为47.8%时达到最大。Pt的质量比活性在中等负载量(27.6%~47.8%)区间出现高值平台。该变化规律源于Pt纳米粒子的MOR催化活性在3 nm前后的明显差异,即3 nm时活性差,3 nm时活性优异。高负载量(58.7%)时活性的急剧下降源于Pt纳米粒子因团聚引起的Pt利用率的降低。     

新型钴-聚吡咯-碳载Pt燃料电池催化剂的制备与表征

采用脉冲微波辅助化学还原法制备了钴-聚吡咯-碳(Co-PPy-C)载Pt催化剂(Pt/Co-PPy-C),其中Pt的总质量占20%.利用透射电镜(TEM)、光电子射线能谱分析(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了催化剂的结构,用循环伏安(CV)、线性扫描伏安(LSV)等方法考察了其电化学活性及氧还原反应(ORR)动力学特性及耐久性.Pt/Co-PPy-C电催化剂的金属颗粒直径约1.8 nm,略小于商用催化剂Pt/C(JM)颗粒尺寸(约2.5 nm);催化剂在载体上分散均匀,粒径分布范围较窄.Pt/Co-PPy-C的电化学活性比表面积(ECSA)(75.1 m2·g-1)高于商用催化剂的ECSA(51.3 m2·g-1).XPS测试表明,自制催化剂表面的Pt主要以零价形式存在.而XRD结果显示,自制催化剂中Pt(111)峰最强,Pt主要为面心立方晶格.Pt/Co-PPy-C具有与Pt/C(JM)相同的半波电位;在0.9 V下,Pt/Co-PPy-C的比活性(1.21 mA·cm-2)高于商用催化剂的比活性(1.04 mA·cm-2),表现出更好的ORR催化活性.动力学性能测试表明催化剂的ORR反应以四电子路线进行.CV测试1000圈后,Pt/Co-PPy-C和Pt/C(JM)的ECSA分别衰减了13.0%和24.0%,可见自制催化剂的耐久性高于商用Pt/C(JM),在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)领域有一定的应用前景.     

Pt修饰的Ni/C催化剂电催化氧化乙醇性能

采用两步还原法制备了Pt修饰的Ni/C催化剂(Ni@Pt/C),并应用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,载体上催化剂粒子呈两相复合结构,具有较好的分散性,平均粒径为4.4 nm.电化学测试表明,Ni@Pt/C催化氧化乙醇的活性电流高达0.37A/mg,是商业Pt/C催化剂的2.33倍,PtNi/C...     

固相反应制备的Pt/C催化剂对乙醇氧化的电催化活性

用固相反应法制备了Pt/C催化剂(Pt/C(s))，并研究了该催化剂对乙醇氧化的电催化活性. XRD和TEM测量表明， Pt/C(s)中Pt的平均粒径为3.8 nm，结晶度为2.38，远小于用传统的液相还原方法制得的Pt/C催化剂(Pt/C(l))的平均粒径(8.5 nm)和结晶度(5.56).因此, Pt/C(s)对乙醇的电催化氧化性能远好于液相还原法制得的Pt/C(l).     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.