混合稀土对ZA27合金阻尼性能的影响

研究了ＺＡ２７合金的稀土变质机制及阻尼性能,利用悬臂梁测试了阻尼能力。结果表明,合金中加入Ａｌ－１０％ＲＥ中间合金可以细化组织和提高阻尼能力,稀土添加量为０．３％时有最佳的变质效果和最佳高的阻尼能力。     

稀土对高强锌合金耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响

ＺＡ２７合金中加入稀土，由于合金化，变质等作用使合金微观组织发生变化，强化了合金，因此提高了合金的综合性能和耐磨性，又因稀土加入能净化晶界，对电化学性产生有利影响，所以合金的耐蚀性也得到改善。     

加铈ZA22-Al2O3短纤维复合材料抗拉强度的理论分析

采用日本ＡＧ１０ＴＡ型电子万能试验机对挤压铸造加０５％Ｃｅ的ＺＡ２２Ａｌ２Ｏ３短纤维复合材料的抗拉强度进行了测定，并用Ｆｒｉｅｎｄ修正的混合律模型对该试验结果进行了理论分析，理论分析与试验结果吻合较好。在本试验条件下，纤维强化临界体积分数为３４５％。复合材料中纤维体积分数未超出该值，故复合材料强度低于基体强度。     

稀土对ZA-27合金高温性能的影响

研究了ｃＣｅ≥４５％（ｗｔ）的混合稀土对ＺＡ－２７合金显微组织及高温机械性能的影响。结果表明，在锌铝合金中，稀土元素可与Ａｌ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ等形成多种复杂成分化合物，其硬度高，热硬性好，分散于晶界或枝晶间，细化了组织，且有效地阻碍了高温时基体的变形和晶界移动。添加适量的稀土，可使ＺＡ－２７合金在１５０℃时的抗拉强度提高３０％，硬度提高２５％，延伸率虽有所下降，但冲击韧性却得以改善。同时发现，室温强度变化不大，唯塑性、韧性略有下降。     

稀土化合物增强ZA—27合金耐磨性的研究

对稀土化合物增强ＺＡ－２７合金的组织及耐磨性做了研究。试验发现,由于在ＺＡ－２７合金中加入一定量的ＥＲ和Ｓｉ元素,组织中出现一些颗粒状第二相;这些物相分布在晶界及枝晶间,阻止了晶粒长大。通过航向电镜能谱分析发现,该物相是一种含有Ｚｎ、Ａｌ、Ｓｉ及ＲＥ元素的复杂化合物。经测试,这种物相的显微硬度要比基体高得多。耐磨性等性能试验结果表明,这种合金的耐磨性要比ＺＡ－２７合金高４倍,比Ｓｉ相增强合金也高,     

稀土和氮对灰铸铁耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性的影响

采用包内孕育法研究了稀土和氮对高碳当量灰铸铁耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性的影响。灰铸铁采用中频感应电炉熔炼，化学成分为Ｃ３４％～３５％，Ｓｉ２３％～２４％，Ｍｎ０７０％～０７５％。稀土和氮采用稀土硅铁合金和锰氮铁合金以孕育剂形式加入。研究结果表明，...     

稀土化合物增强ZA—27合金耐磨性的研究

对稀土化合物增强ＺＡ－２７合金的组织及耐磨性做了研究。试验发现,由于在ＺＡ－２７合金中加入一定量的ＥＲ和Ｓｉ元素,组织中出现一些颗粒状第二相;这些物相分布在晶界及枝晶间,阻止了晶粒长大。通过航向电镜能谱分析发现,该物相是一种含有Ｚｎ、Ａｌ、Ｓｉ及ＲＥ元素的复杂化合物。经测试,这种物相的显微硬度要比基体高得多。耐磨性等性能试验结果表明,这种合金的耐磨性要比ＺＡ－２７合金高４倍,比Ｓｉ相增强合金也高,     

双显色体系迭代目标转换因子分析法测定混合稀土的研究

用双显色体系降低各组分光谱的线性相关性，并用光谱向量间的夹角描述这种特性；同时采用数值稳定性较好的迭代目标转换因子分析法（ＩＴＴＦＡ），进行混合稀土（Ｌａ、Ｇｄ、Ｙｂ、Ｙ）中单一稀土元素的光度分析。结果表明，在三氯偶氮胂—稀土（Ｌａ、Ｇｄ、Ｙｂ、Ｙ）显色体系中，采用一个酸度体系（ｐＨ３４）的光谱数据计算时，各稀土组分光谱向量间夹角平均值为４５°；而采用两个酸度体系（ｐＨ３４，ｐＨ１４）的光谱数据计算时，各稀土组分之间向量夹角平均值达到２１５°，这不仅使得ＩＴＴＦＡ中主因子的选择较为准确，且较易获得稳定的结果，并提高多组分光度分析的可靠性。     

高温钛合金中稀土相的热稳定性

对Ｔｉ５Ａｌ４Ｓｎ２Ｚｒ１Ｍｏ０．２５Ｓｉ１Ｎｄ（Ｔｉ５５）高温钛合金在α相区、α＋β相区，β相区不同温度、时间热处理样品的分析表明：在６００～９８０℃／１～１００ｈ及１０５０～１５００℃／１～１０ｈ条件下，稀土相颗粒尺寸在３３４～４２０μｍ之间波动；圆度系数在０６１９～０７５９之间波动；体积分数在１４％～１８％之间波动。稀土相颗粒尺寸、形状，体积分数基本不变，具有良好的热稳定性。     

铕-对氨基苯甲酸-邻菲咯啉配合物[Eu(p-ABA)_3Phen·H_2O](C_2H_5OH)的晶体结构

［Ｅｕ（ｐＡＢＡ）３Ｐｈｅｎ·Ｈ２Ｏ］（Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ）（ｐＡＢＡ＝对氨基苯甲酸根，Ｐｈｅｎ＝邻菲咯啉）配合物晶体属三斜晶系，Ｐ１空间群，ａ＝１２２６８（３）ｎｍ，ｂ＝１４００５（３）ｎｍ，ｃ＝１０４４０（３）ｎｍ；α＝１０２６９（２）°，β＝１０８９３（２）°，γ＝９２８５（２）°；Ｚ＝２，Ｔ＝２７３Ｋ。最终的Ｒ因子为００３９。配合物中心Ｅｕ３＋离子与周围ｐＡＢＡ的６个氧原子和Ｐｈｅｎ的一对氮原子以及一个水分子的氧原子配位，配位多面体属畸变的单帽四方反棱柱体，水分子的氧原子占据帽位。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。