共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
合成了聚甲基丙烯酸正十八酯的梳状聚合物,分别用~(13)CNMR谱和FTIR分峰技术研究了立构规整性及其数均序列长度。聚合过程服从于Bernoullian统计规律,属自由基聚合。 相似文献
2.
氟氯代羧酸与乙炔反应制得氟氯代羧酸乙烯酯,后者分别以过氧化二苯甲酰和三丁基硼为引发剂在不同温度下进行本体聚合。以X-射线衍射图和红外吸收率D_(916)/D_(850)比值观测聚乙烯酯及其水解物聚乙烯醇的立体规整性。不同侧链长度的聚含氟酸乙烯酯的X-射线衍射图并没有反映出高分子链在立体规整性上的差异,但其水解产物聚乙烯醇D_(916)/D_(850)吸收率比值随侧链体积增大而增加、侧基极性效应和空间效应的影响是肯定的。不论是聚乙酸乙烯酯和聚含氟酸乙烯酯聚合温度对它们的立体规整性都没有明显的影响。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)研究了二甲基焦膦酸二烷基(≥C2)酯电子轰击质谱(EI-MS)的裂解途径和机理。针对二甲基焦膦酸二烷基(≥C2)酯类化合物,开展了一级和二级质谱研究,确定离子间的母子关系;同时采用电荷和游离基理论,解释主要碎片离子的裂解机理。通过研究发现:对于二甲基焦膦酸二烷基(≥C2)酯类化合物,大部分化合物的EI-MS谱图中无分子离子峰;该类化合物均产生特征离子m/z 175、158、157、143、97、79、65和47;分子离子以不饱和氧、饱和氧和π键为电荷/游离基中心引发酯基上伴随γ氢重排的α断裂和i断裂,碎片离子进一步发生简单α断裂、消除反应(γe)及i诱导断裂等反应,产生相应的离子。根据该类化合物的质谱裂解规律,可为未知结构的该类化合物和其它相似结构化合物的鉴定提供参考。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
V.A. Kabanov D.A. Topchiev T.M. Karaputadze L.A. Mkrtchian 《European Polymer Journal》1975,11(2):153-159
The behaviour of weak unsaturated acids (such as acrylic and methacrylic) and their salts in radical polymerization in aqueous solutions was studied. A characteristic of these reactions was attributed to change of the effective reactivity of the propagating radicals with the nature of the reaction mixture. The data suggest that the formation of ion pairs may be responsible for a considerable increase in the propagation rate and, in consequence, in the overall polymerization rate. For alkaline values of pH, chain propagation involves only radicals having ion pairs at their ends; the participation of the ion pairs in the propagation can influence the microstructure of the polymer chains. Due to stereochemical control effected by the ion pairs, practically stereospecific polyacids may, in certain cases, be formed. Investigations on the temperature dependence of microtacticity have given values of activation enthalpy and entropy differences greatly exceeding those known up to now for isotactic and syndiotactic radical additions. 相似文献
12.
从引发和催化两个方面概述了光辐照在活性自由基聚合(LRP)中的应用,从机理上详细地分析了光辐照对氮氧调控自由基聚合(NMP)、原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)、可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)以及有机钴催化的可控自由基聚合反应(CMRP)的影响。与传统自由基聚合相比,光调控的活性自由基聚合方法可在温和的条件下生成自由基,能够克服传统LRP的一些缺陷,如降低催化反应活化能、提高聚合物末端官能度等。同时,本文对光调控反应的进一步应用以及新方法的产生也进行了展望。 相似文献
13.
活性自由基聚合经过十多年的发展,已成为一种有效的高分子设计手段.代表性的活性自由基聚合技术包括氮氧调控自由基聚合(NMP),原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)和可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合或通过黄原酸酯交换法设计大分子(MADIX).这些技术已成功应用到多数共轭单体上,但对非共轭单体的聚合控制还不太成功.本文总结了几类适合非共轭单体的活性自由基(共)聚合方法,主要有RAFT/MADIX体系,某些ATRP体系,碘退化转移体系及近年新出现的有机碲调控自由基聚合(TERP)和有机锑调控自由基聚合(SBRP)体系,其中,TERP和SBRP的独特性值得关注. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
本文总结了N-乙烯酰胺类单体的活性自由基聚合进展。该类非共轭单体的活性自由基聚合一度是十分困难,但近年该领域取得了可喜的进展,如黄原酸酯和二硫代氨基甲酸酯家族的某些成员能成功的以加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合或黄原酸酯交换法(MADIX)控制其分子量,在特定条件下还可以同时控制其立体结构。近年发现的有机铋、有机锑和有机碲化合物也成功应用于该类单体的(共)聚合,从而扩大了聚合物的结构谱。此外,原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)中的某些体系也能在一定程度上控制该类单体的活性聚合。 相似文献
17.
Abstract The polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (DHA)-titanous(III) chloride redox system has been studied in water under a nitrogen atmosphere. In the polymerization of methyl methyacrylate (MMA) initiated by the above system, the rate of polymerization has been found to be proportional to [DHA]0.5 for DHA concentrations of less than 2.06 × 10?3 mole/liter, whereas at higher concentrations the rate tends to fall rapidly. The rate has also been found to be proportional to [Ti(m)] 0.58 and to [MMA] 1.0. The maximum rate of polymerization has been observed at a 1:1 molar ratio of DHA to Ti(III). The polymerization proceeded via a radical mechanism. The overall activation energy was estimated as 5.5 kcal/mole. It has been suggested that the reduction of dimethylhydroxylamine by titanous(III) chloride yields the dimethylamino radical, which initiates vinyl polymerization. An examination of the initiating capacity of the initiator system for the polymerization of some vinyl monomers has also been made. 相似文献
18.
R. M. Islamova 《Russian Journal of General Chemistry》2016,86(1):125-143
Experimental data on the application of metal complexes in radical polymerization of vinyl monomers collected over the recent 15 years have been analyzed and generalized. Special attention has been given to (un)substituted ferrocenes, macrocyclic (clathro)chelates, and iron porphyrinates as well as to the approaches to enhance their catalytic activity in controlled synthesis of macromolecules. The mentioned systems have been compared with each other as well as with selected complexes of other transition metals. It has been shown that the electronic and spatial structures of the metal complexes are related to their efficiency in the radical polymerization reactions. 相似文献
19.
碳纳米管高分子化是发展高性能的聚合物基纳米功能材料的重要研究方向,本文从"grafting-to"和"grafting-from"两种方式对聚合物接枝碳纳米管的最新进展进行了系统综述。"Grafting-to"方法主要包括羧基衍生反应(酰化、酯化)、加成反应(大分子自由基加成、叠氮环加成)和硫醇偶联反应。"Grafting-from"方法包括普通自由基聚合、可控/活性自由基聚合、离子聚合、开环聚合和逐步聚合反应,其中碳纳米管表面引发活性自由基聚合进一步分为原子转移自由基聚合、氮氧稳定自由基聚合和可逆加成-断链转移聚合。此外,本文还简述了碳纳米管自身的聚合反应,并探讨了目前聚合物修饰碳纳米管所面临的问题和今后的发展方向。 相似文献
20.
R. S. Tewari Anita Bajpai A. K. Srivastava 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1985,23(9):2405-2411
The thermal polymerization of methyl methacrylate [MMA] was carried out using ylide (4-picolinium 4-chloro phenacyl methylide) as an initiator. The rate of polymerization (Rp) increases with increasing monomer and initiator concentrations; The exponent value has been computed to be 1 ± 0.02 and 0.5, respectively. The reaction was carried out at four different temperatures and the overall activation energy has been computed to be 16.01 kcal/mol. The polymerization was inhibited in the presence of hydroquinone as a radical scavanger. Kinetic studies indicates that the overall polymerization takes place by a radical mechanism. 相似文献