高中化学竞赛中的立体化学解读

对高中化学竞赛试题中有关立体化学试题进行归类解读, 帮助参加化学竞赛的指导教师和同学形成解答此类试题的一般方法, 并对今后的该类化学竞赛试题进行展望。     

2017年高中化学奥林匹克北京地区预选赛试题分析

2017年高中化学奥林匹克北京地区预选赛试题取材于生活应用、生产实际、实验室研究和化学前沿等多方面,立足于中学基础知识,注重化学知识和能力,重点考查学生解决实际问题的能力。分析了试题立意、背景和试题解答,帮助师生更好地运用本套试题。     

第29至31届高中化学奥林匹克竞赛晶体结构试题解析

以第29-31届全国高中化学(奥林匹克)竞赛中晶体结构试题为例,从基础知识角度出发,对试题内容进行探讨,对命题思路及解题策略进行了分析,拓展了晶体结构类试题的研究背景和相关知识,引导读者了解试题背后的科学思想,感受化学学习的乐趣,并对今后化学奥赛中该类试题进行了展望,供参赛老师和学生参考。     

第33届中国化学奥林匹克(初赛)试题解析

详细分析并解答了第33届中国化学奥林匹克(初赛)试题。本届初赛试题对知识储备的要求有所降低,但对思维能力与解题准确度的要求略有提高。每一道题目都附有详尽的分析、讨论与解答过程,引导读者综合运用所学的化学知识,通过推理、演算、论证等方法顺利解题。对于部分题目,还给出了科学背景介绍、知识拓展与思考题,鼓励读者了解题目背后的科学思想,举一反三。     

2007年高考化学实验试题的新特点及对高考复习的启示

化学实验在2007年高考试题中的体现形式以及解答方式均出现了新的变化;纵观2007年高考化学试卷(含理科综合卷)发现,化学实验试题及分值占的比例较大,全国卷与各省自主命题的试卷各有特点,研究新课改背景下的化学实验教学和实验高考复习无疑是一个新的课题,认真分析高考试题的新特点无疑也是备考复习过程中的重要一环,本文拟结合2007年全国高考试题中化学实验试题来解读化学实验考查的特点及对化学实验备考复习的启示。1试题设计突破常规模式,注重基本实验设计能力的考查例题1(全国Ⅰ)28(15分)水蒸气通过灼热的焦炭后,流出气体的主要成分是C…     

试题情境“新”“特”背景材料的认知要求控制

选择部分高考理综化学试卷选择题进行案例分析,认为试题情境背景材料的选择与改造应作为试题命制技术的一项重要内容。基于具体试题的分析与讨论,提出试题情境的背景材料选择及控制应依据考生现有的知识基础、应考量考生已有的知识经验、应满足考生认知的"最近发展区"。试题情境"新""特"背景材料的认知要求如果没有得到合理控制,对试题的测量效度和试题分数的信度都会产生较大影响。     

深入理解化学平衡常数及其应用——对2019年全国理综(Ⅰ卷)化学第28题的分析

在已有的化学平衡常数教学的基础上,提出认知化学平衡常数的新角度--化学平衡常数的多种表达式。依据教材中用浓度表示的化学平衡常数并结合理想气体状态方程,推导用物质的量分数及分压表示的化学平衡常数表达式,分析3者之间的区别和联系,进而应用化学平衡常数的多种表达形式解决2019年全国(Ⅰ卷)化学第28题中的相关问题,使学生深入理解解答这道高考试题的关键所在。同时,拓展了学生对平衡常数的认识,提升了学生灵活应用平衡常数解决问题的能力。     

第11届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛物理化学操作考试试题的评析与思考

介绍了第11届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛物理化学实验的命题思路、实验试题的背景及考试情况,并对竞赛中所反映的当前实验教学中存在的问题进行了总结分析。     

怎样解答开放性问题

随着高考制度改革的深入 ,未来高考化学试题中会越来越多地出现这样一种题型—开放性化学试题。近年来 ,全国高考和上海高考试题中偶尔能见到这种题型的影子 ,但其力度很小。目前 ,中学化学教育工作者不仅对于这种试题的研究非常关注 ,而且在探索对这种试题解答的教法 ,为此 ,本文将在怎样解答开放性问题上谈谈个人的见解。1　开放性问题概述开放性化学问题是探索目标的答案个数不确定的化学问题。这里的开放答案个数不确定是由问题本身的要求所决定的 ,它不同于一题多解 (一题多解并非问题本身的要求 ) ,也不同于分类讨论 (分类讨论题的每…     

第31届中国化学奥林匹克(决赛)试题解析(一)

详细分析并解答了第31届中国化学奥林匹克(决赛)试题。对于每一道题目,我们都给出了详尽的讨论,引导读者综合运用所学的化学知识,通过推理、演算、论证等方法顺利解题。对于特定的题目,我们还给出了相关的科学背景介绍与知识拓展,鼓励读者了解题目背后的科学思想,感受化学学习与科研的乐趣。     

“双一流”建设背景下物理化学课程教学改革与实践

Under the background of "double first-class" construction, we embrace the teaching philosophy of "student-centered and goal-oriented" in the physical chemistry teaching process. Through the heuristic teaching model guided by questions, the concepts and laws are elaborated based on the history of scientific development. The frontiers of the discipline and application cases are introduced into teaching, aiming at cultivating students' innovative consciousness and scientific thinking. Through flipped classroom and group discussion, students' self-educated ability and team spirit are developed.     

Towards the certification of the purity of calibrant reference materials for thyroid hormones: a chicken and egg dilemma

The certification of the purity of CRMs intended for calibration, where no other certified material already exists for comparison, raises principle questions on how to determine the purity of a "first" calibrant in the calibration hierarchy. We developed and certified two calibration CRMs for their purity in thyroid hormones taking into consideration inorganic residues, residual solvents and organic impurities detectable by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS. IRMM-468 was certified for a thyroxine (T(4)) mass fraction of 98.6+/-0.7% and IRMM-469 was certified for a 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T(3)) mass fraction of 97.1+/-0.7%. The approach we used aims to determine the purity of these two CRMs to the best of our knowledge and taking all scientific aspects properly into account for the estimation of an uncertainty related to the stated purity.     

Signal limitations in tip-enhanced Raman scattering: the challenge to become a routine analytical technique

The fundamental parameters and limitations that determine the signal strength in tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) are discussed. A semiquantitative analysis of the Raman signal expected in different experimental geometries and with different sample systems is presented, taking into account experimental parameters including Fresnel factor, numerical aperture of the illumination and collection optics, detection efficiency, and the Raman scattering cross section of the material. A top/side-on illumination geometry is essential for the study of nontransparent samples. It can yield the highest signal levels when strong tip–sample coupling using a metallic substrate provides large field enhancement. In contrast, axial/through-sample illumination is limited to transparent sample materials. Although conceptually simpler in experimental implementation and despite high numerical aperture signal collection efficiency, signals are generally weaker due to limited field enhancement. Crystalline solids with small Raman cross sections and dense molecular/biological systems with unavoidable far-field background provide the biggest challenge for TERS analysis yet at the same time hold the most exciting outstanding scientific questions TERS has the potential to answer.

Electrochemistry of the Silicon Oxide Dielectric Layer: Principles,Electrochemical Reactions,and Perspectives

Electrochemistry of the silicon oxide dielectric layer, a notable insulator often used as a gate oxide, is counterintuitive, but addresses fundamental questions to yield novel scientific discoveries. In this minireview, the fundamental electron transfer mechanism of silicon oxide in the electrolyte solution is elucidated. The possible electrochemical reactions to date are discussed in detail, providing numerous potential areas of application which are elaborated and justified. This minireview not only provides background but also guides future research.     

World War I, international participation and reorganisation of the Japanese chemical community

What kind of "war" did Japanese chemists fight during World War I, and what impact did their experiences have on Japanese chemistry in its aftermath? By focusing on the role of Jōji Sakurai (1858-1939), this paper attempts to answer these questions by looking at the drastic changes in the international relationships of the Japanese chemical community caused by the war. It examines how the Japanese National Research Council was established in 1920 as part of the International Research Council, a product of the reconfiguration of international scientific powers triggered by World War I. This paper argues that Sakurai advocated the establishment of the National Research Council after the American model of wartime mobilisation of science, coordinated fractured Japanese chemical communities for international functions, and facilitated Japan's participation and increased influence in international scientific associations such as the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, established in 1919.     

François-Marie Raoult: Past and Modern Look

The academic and research career of Raoult is an example of success against the odds. He was born into a family of modest means and made his academic career far from Paris, the center of scientific power and means. He did his research on the behavior of solutions in general, and electrolytes in particular, before the concepts of molecular association, salt dissociation, and molecular structure had been established. In spite of this, by precise experimental work and brilliant intuition he made fundamental and everlasting contributions to thermodynamics. Raoults results are discussed against the scientific background of his time and then reanalyzed using current thermodynamic ideas.     

化学实验与科研方法课程教学模式探讨

将研究型教学模式引入化学实验与科研方法课程,通过构建"课堂学习-自主实验-科学指导"三位一体的教学体系,开展科研方法论理论教学,设计以文献调研、实验设计、实验实施、结果分析为主线的研究型教学实验,建立多元化考核体系,激发学生科研热情和创新意识。     

新课程背景下高中化学试题命制原则初探

基于高中化学新课程教学理念和评价促进教学的观点,反思传统试题的不足和评价弊端,结合新课程高考试题样例,提出了新课程背景下高中化学试题命制的6条原则。     

基于"产学研用"背景下的仪器分析课程教学机制研究

"产学研用"是高等教育实现人才培养目标的重要途径。本文在"产学研用"教学一体化背景下,为提高仪器分析课程教学效果,强化课程对学生专业能力、科研能力和解决企业实际问题的能力培养,在分析目前课程教学存在问题的基础上,对仪器分析"产学研用"教学机制、教学方法、资源共享平台建设、教学团队建设、教学考核等问题进行一体化建设探索,以期通过"产学研用"教学建设促进人才培养质量进一步提升,并对高校培养人才与企业实际需求人才的有效衔接问题提供一定的解决思路。