在线性或交联的聚氨酯粒子内原位还原制备纳米银粒子

纳米金属粒子有特异性质 ,可用作高效催化剂、非线性光学材料等 .为防止其聚集 ,不少研究者采用表面活性剂 [1]、配位体 [2 ]和高分子等以阻止纳米金属粒子的聚集 .近年来高分子金属复合纳米粒子引起人们广泛的兴趣 [3～ 9] .文献上大多采用线性或嵌段双亲高分子作纳米金属的分散稳定剂[6 ] 或在高分子粒子表面沉积纳米金属粒子[5] ,也有人采用多孔交联高分子微球的孔洞作为微反应器形成纳米金属粒子[7] .这些方法均不能有效地控制金属粒子的粒径 ,特别难以合成粒径小于 3 0 nm的银粒子 .本文首次报道了在常温处于粘弹态 ,线性或交联的高分…     

超顺磁性高分子微球的制备与表征

用化学共沉淀方法制备了Fe3O4纳米微粒,并用油酸(十八烯酸)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠为双层表面活性剂进行表面修饰,制备了稳定的水分散性纳米Fe3O4可聚合磁流体.在Fe3O4磁流体存在下,将苯乙烯与甲基丙烯酸通过乳液聚合方法制备了磁性高分子微球.透射电镜研究表明,Fe3O4微粒的平均粒径在10nm左右,乳液聚合形成的磁性高分子微球的粒径平均约为130nm;用超导量子干涉仪对微粒及高分子微球进行了磁性表征,结果表明,合成的Fe3O4纳米微粒以及磁性高分子微球均具有超顺磁性.同时,还用红外光谱及X射线衍射表征了磁性高分子微球的化学成分和晶体结构.用热失重方法测得磁性高分子微球中磁性物质的含量为23.6%.     

稀土掺杂LaF3超小发光纳米晶的合成及癌细胞靶向上转换发光成像研究

采用溶剂热法合成了超小尺寸三氟化镧（LaF₃）纳米晶. 利用XRD、TEM等对其进行结构与形貌表征,结果显示制得的纳米颗粒为LaF₃纳米晶,且具有高度均一的尺寸分布和良好的结晶度,颗粒尺寸为6±0.4 nm. 通过共掺杂镱铒两种稀土元素,所得材料在近红外光激发下（980 nm）可发射出明亮的绿光;发光光谱显示,在524,544,655 nm等位置有较强的发射峰. 利用聚琥珀酰亚胺高分子（PSI）对油溶性的纳米颗粒表面进行功能化修饰,将其成功转移水相. 利用叶酸对其进行进一步生物标记,可与肝癌细胞表面叶酸受体特异性识别,成功地实现了肝癌细胞上转换绿色发光成像研究.     

PEGMA磁性纳米凝胶的光化学原位合成、表征及载药性能研究

报道了一种应用光化学法一步原位合成具有良好亲水性和生物相容性的PEGMA磁性纳米凝胶的方法．在亲水性Fe3O4纳米粒子水体系中,以甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯（PEGMA）N单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）为交联剂,紫外光辐照下原位聚合制备了聚（甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯）磁性纳米凝胶（简称为PEGMA磁性纳米凝胶）,应用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和热重分析仪（TGA）对磁性纳米凝胶的表面官能团和组分进行了分析,结果显示经紫外辐照后PEGMA成功包覆在Fe3O4纳米粒子表面,从而制备得到PEGMA磁性纳米凝胶,磁性Fe3O4含量高达53．4％;对磁性纳米凝胶的形貌、粒径、表面Zeta电位及磁学性质等进行了表征,结果显示磁性纳米凝胶形状较规则,具有核-壳结构,干燥状态下平均粒径约为46nm,而湿态下平均水合粒径为68．4nm,表明其外层的水凝胶在水相中具有较强的吸水膨胀能力;磁性纳米凝胶具有超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为58．6emu／g,在生理pH下,磁性纳米凝胶的表面Zeta电位为-16.3～-17.3mV,能够减少与血红蛋白的吸附作用,可在血液中保持稳定．在其载药性能中发现,PEGMA磁性纳米凝胶对模型药物阿霉素具有良好缓释性能．该超顺磁性纳米凝胶具有高的饱和磁化强度,生理pH下负的表面Zeta电位,以及良好的亲水性和生物相容性等特性,预示着在靶向载药等生物医学领域有着广泛的应用前景．     

量子尺寸氧化锌微粒的制备与表征

用胶体化学方法制备了两种粒径分别为３ｎｍ（Ｐ１）和５ｎｍ（Ｐ２）的纤锌矿型氧化锌纳米微粒。利用多种表征手段对颗粒结构与光电性质进行表征。两种微粒吸收谱带呈现不同程度的蓝移。表面光电压谱与热重分析研究表明,因制备条件不同,两种颗粒表面性质存在很大差异。并结合制备条件对颗粒表面性质进行了分析。     

溶剂热法制备银纳米晶

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为表面活性剂,利用乙二醇溶剂热法成功制备了银纳米颗粒;利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析了样品的形貌和晶体结构,并考察了溶剂组成等因素对银纳米颗粒形貌的影响.研究结果表明所得银纳米晶粒径均一,直径约为90nm;增大PVP的加入量会降低产物的粒径,溶剂中水的引入会影响银纳米晶的形貌.     

原位聚合法制备纳米二氧化硅/聚氨酯复合树脂

采用高压剪切分散（HPSH）的方法先将纳米SiO2分散在合成聚氨酯原料中,再应用原位聚合的方法制备了纳米SiO2/聚氨酯复合树脂。 用热重分析、动态机械热分析（DMTA）和扫描电子显微镜等测试技术研究了纳米SiO2的用量及其分散方法对聚氨酯树脂的热稳定和力学性能的影响。 结果表明,二苯甲基二异氰酸酯（MDI）中的-NCO和纳米SiO2表面的-OH发生了化学反应,SiO2表面的包覆率约为7%;通过高压剪切分散的方法能够使纳米SiO2在聚氨酯基体中均匀的分散开来,粒径为30~40 nm,而超声处理的纳米SiO2会聚集约为200 nm聚集体。 当SiO2的添加质量分数为3%时复合树脂（HPSH处理SiO2）的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均达到最大值,分别为84.3 MPa和438.7%。 此外,与纯树脂相比,复合树脂(4%纳米SiO2)的Tg、Td和T-50%分别增加了17.2、9和21 ℃。     

叶酸对磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的表面修饰

以FeCl3·6H2O作为单一铁源,1,6-己二胺作为胺化试剂,利用无模板的溶剂热方法制备了胺基功能化的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,并利用其键合叶酸分子,制备出表面修饰了叶酸的磁性Fe3O4复合纳米粒子。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪、透射电镜、差热-热重分析仪和振动样品磁强计对所得纳米粒子的形貌、粒径、化学组成和磁性能进行了表征。结果表明,叶酸分子通过化学键牢固键合在磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子表面,叶酸修饰的复合纳米粒子仍然具有良好的磁性能。     

高分子单链键接Fe_3O_4制备Janus复合纳米颗粒

采用溶剂热法制备油酸保护的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒,通过硅烷配体交换在颗粒表面引入氨基.基于氨基快速淬灭阳离子活性种,将阳离子聚合制备的活性高分子链如聚(4-氯甲基苯乙烯)键接到氨基改性的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒表面,制备高分子链/Fe_3O_4复合纳米颗粒.分子量决定键接活性高分子链数目.当高分子流体力学尺寸大于纳米颗粒直径时,空间排斥效应保证单根高分子链键接到Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒(10 nm),得到呈降落伞结构的复合Janus纳米颗粒,高分子链分布在Fe_3O_4颗粒一侧.当高分子链尺寸较小时,多根高分子链键接到纳米颗粒表面.研究了该复合Janus纳米颗粒双亲特性.作为固体乳化剂可容易乳化水/油体系得到稳定乳液.该Janus纳米颗粒在油水界面通过自组装可得到单层薄膜.     

纳米Sb_2O_3表面原位(共)聚合处理对HIPS纳米复合材料力学性能的影响

通用高分子材料的工程化和工程高分子材料的高性能化是高分子材料研究与开发的主要方向之一，核心、关键技术是高分子材料的同时增强、增韧，其中利用纳米无机刚性粒子与高分子材料复合是一条最简单而又行之有效的途径．由于无机纳米填料是亲水性的、表面能极高，有机高分子不能浸润填料或与填料表面相互作用弱，导致纳米粒子在高分子基体中易于团聚而分散性差，其复合材料力学性能低下．利用硬酯酸、非离子表面活性剂、表面辐照接枝处理纳米粒子表面忙，     

Radiolytic synthesis and characterization of Ag-PVA nanocomposites

The Ag-PVA nanocomposites with different contents of inorganic phase were prepared by reduction of Ag⁺ ions in aqueous PVA solution by gamma irradiation followed by solvent evaporation. Optical properties of the colloidal solutions and the nanocomposite films were investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy. Structural characterization of the Ag nanoparticles was performed by TEM and XRD. Interaction of the Ag nanoparticles with polymer matrix and the heat resistance of the nanocomposites were followed by IR spectroscopy and DSC analysis. IR spectra indicated that Ag nanofiller interact with PVA chain over OH groups. The changes of heat resistance upon the increase of the content of inorganic phase are correlated to the adsorption of polymer chains on the surface of Ag nanoparticles.     

Sonochemical immobilization of silver nanoparticles on porous polypropylene

Silver nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface of polypropylene (PP) porous beads by an ultrasound‐assisted reduction method. The structure and properties of the silver–PP composite were characterized with XRD, TEM, HRSEM, EDX, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Water‐soluble polymers such as PEG, PVA, and PVP were used as stabilizing agents for preventing the agglomeration of the silver nanoparticles. With PVP, a homogeneous distribution of silver nanocrystals, 50 nm in size, on the PP surface was achieved. The mechanism proposed for the silver anchoring to the inert polymer accounts for a localized melting of the PP. The beads of the silver PP composite demonstrated good stability and high antibacterial activity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1719–1729, 2008     

Preparation,surface morphology,and optical properties of indium(III) oxide nanoparticles by thermolysis of indium–poly(vinyl alcohol) coordination polymer

First report on the preparation of well-dispersed, indium(III) oxide (In₂O₃) nanoparticles with 22–35?nm size by polymer thermolysis is presented. Indium–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) coordination polymer films were prepared by ‘solution casting technique’ from the homogeneous aqueous solution of coordination polymer prepared using PVA and indium(III) nitrate as starting materials; subsequently the films were calcined at 550?°C to yield In₂O₃ nanoparticles. Both indium–PVA coordination polymer that served as the precursor and the titled nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. Room temperature PL spectra of the prepared indium oxide nanoparticles showed intense blue emissions around 360, 410 and 430?nm, characteristic of indium oxide nanoparticles due to oxygen vacancies. The lower energy PL emission decreases with an increase of indium(III) content in the precursor. The size of the nanoparticles calculated from line broadening of XRD pattern (cubic; JCPDS: 06-0416) was found to be around 24?nm. The average particle size of the synthesized nanoparticles increased with metal ion content in the precursor coordination polymer.     

聚合物纳米微球的合成及摩擦学行为

润滑油添加剂;抗磨性;缓存;聚合物纳米微球的合成及摩擦学行为     

Structure and optoelectronic properties of PbSe quantum dots /PVA. Does the polymer molecular weight matter?

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different molecular weights (8000, 14,000, and 132,000 g/mol) capped lead selenide (PbSe) quantum dots (QDs) are prepared. The nanocomposites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM studies show that the particle size of PbSe QDs decrease with the increase in PVA molecular weight and/or PVA amount. This may be due to the increase in molecular weight inhibiting further growth of PbSe into the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the introduction of PbSe QDs into PVA decreases the crystallinity of the polymer. The optical absorption spectroscopy of prepared nanocomposites showed that the absorption peaks are strongly shifted to the lower wavelength (blue shift) from near infrared region to visible region by increasing the PVA molecular weight. The (I–V) characteristic curves of the PVA/PbSe nanocomposite films under illumination showed a photovoltaic cell‐like behavior. The results indicated that as the molecular weight of polymer increases, the conversion efficiency increases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高活性Pd/MgO催化剂的制备及其CO氧化偶联制草酸二甲酯催化反应

利用溶液法结合高温煅烧处理合成MgO载体,通过浸渍法制备Pd/MgO催化剂并对其进行CO氧化偶联制草酸二甲酯催化性能研究。通过X射线粉末衍射、CO2程序升温脱附、比表面仪、热重分析、扫描电镜、透射电镜和微型催化评价装置对合成的样品进行结构和性能表征。结果表明,合成的MgO载体是一种Lewis碱性很强的纳米片结构,Pd纳米颗粒高度分散在MgO载体上,粒径小且分布均一。此MgO纳米片作为载体制备的Pd/MgO催化剂在较低的Pd负载量(0.5%)下表现出优异的CO氧化偶联催化性能,在反应温度130℃时CO单程转化率高达65%,草酸二甲酯选择性96%,稳定性超过100 h,明显越于工业催化剂(Pd/α-Al2O3),具有潜在的工业应用前景。     

Influences of surfactant (PVA) concentration and pH on the preparation of copper nanoparticles by electron beam irradiation

Electron beam irradiation method was successfully applied to the preparation of Cu nanoparticles in aqueous solution under room temperature and ambient pressure using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the surfactant. The influences of the pH on the products were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and those of the surfactant PVA concentration on the particle size and agglomeration by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis) and laser scattering particle size distribution analysis (LSPSDA). The products were characterized by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the grain size of Cu nanoparticles, within a certain range, can decrease with increasing PVA concentration. Pure Cu nanoparticles with the grain size distribution of 5–50 nm were prepared when the pH was adjusted between 5.0 and 9.0, and the PVA concentration was 2.20 g/100 mL.     

Electrospinning preparation and mechanical properties of PVA/HNTs composite nanofibers

In this paper, the PVA/HNTs composite nanofibers with well‐enhanced mechanical properties were successfully prepared by electrospinning technique. The structure and properties of the composite nanofibers were characterized by TEM, XRD, FT‐IR, and DSC. The results indicated that the highly oriented and dispersed HNTs wrapped in polymer matrix were achieved by inducing function during electrospinning processing. The mechanical properties of the PVA/HNTs composite nanofibers depended on HNTs content were investigated, which showed 72.4% increase in tensile strength at optimal filling content. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation and UV-light Absorption Property of Oleic Acid Surface Modified ZnO Nanoparticles

Syntheses of zince oxide(ZnO) nanoparticles by direct precipitation and surface modification with oleic acid were reported. ZnO nanoparticles were characterized via X-ray diffractometry(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), infrared spectroscopy(IR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The prepared ZnO nanoparticles were nearly spherical and highly crystalline with an average size of 29 nm. In addition, high UV-light absorption properties of oleic acid surface modified ZnO nanoparticles were successfully obtaine...     

Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles by reducing agent

Cu nanoparticles were synthesized by solution reduction process successfully. The influence of parameters on the size of Cu nanoparticles was studied and the referential process parameters were obtained. The morphology and structure of the synthesized Cu nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), QELS data, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and solid state UV. The average size of nanoparticles was found between 15 ± 2 nm.