新型手性环状胺膦配体的设计合成及在酮的不对称还原中的应用

新型手性配体的设计合成是不对称催化研究的重要内容,其中手性胺膦配体因同时含有"软"的磷原子和"硬"的氮原子而具有丰富的配位化学性能和优秀的不对称诱导能力.本文总结了本研究组最近设计合成的手性环状胺膦配体的制备、表征及其在铁催化酮的不对称还原中的应用.手性1,2-环己二胺与双(2-甲酰基苯基)苯基膦通过[2+2]环缩合反应能够顺利获得手性22元环的亚胺膦配体21,该配体经Na BH4还原后生成大环胺膦配体22.利用手性大环胺膦配体22与Fe3(CO)12原位生成的催化体系,能够高活性、高对映选择性地实现包括杂环芳香酮在内50多种酮的不对称转移氢化和不对称氢化反应,其S/C(底物与催化剂的摩尔比)最高可达5000:1,产物手性芳香醇的光学纯度高达99%ee.     

联萘衍生物作为手性配体在不对称氢化中的应用

综述了近年来联萘衍生物作为手性配体构成的金属络合物在前手性烯、酮及亚胺的不对称氢化反应中的应用。     

手性方酸衍生物的合成及在前手性酮的不对称催化还原反应中的应用研究进展

本文评述手性方酸衍生物的研究进展，包括多个系列的新型手性方酰化氨基醇及氨基酸配体的设计合成以及它们在前手性单酮和二酮的不对称催化还原反应中的应用。     

新型手性胺膦-铱体系催化芳香酮的不对称转移氢化

合成了含-CH_3取代基的PNNP型手性双胺双膦配体, 并采用核磁共振、质谱、红外光谱及圆二色光谱等方法对其进行了表征. 在异丙醇溶液中, 考察了该配体与[IrHCI_2(COD)]_2组成的手性胺膦-铱体系对多种芳香酮的不对称转移氢化性能. 结果表明, 该手性胺膦-铱体系是催化多种芳香酮不对称氢转移氢化的优秀催化剂. 在室温下, 用该体系催化1,1-二苯基丙酮时, 可得到99%的转化率和99% ee的对映选择性.     

用手性配体改性铝锂试剂对芳香酮的还原

用手性一元酮作辅助配体,与１,２,５,６－二丙酮甘ｉＡｌｈ５对芳香酮进行对映选择 的,得到光学活性产物８个。通过与α－乙酰氧基－Ｌ－丙酰氯生成非对映异构体酯,经气相色谱分析,芳酮挑学产率为２３．３￣７１．２％。初步探讨了配体之间对称性匹配的情况。     

β-磺酰胺基醇-钛复合物促进酮的对映选择性炔基化反应

手性三级炔丙醇是重要的药物中间体，而合成手性三级炔丙醇最简单的方法就是有机金属试剂对酮的对映选择性加成。然而，酮较低的亲电反应活性和羰基两侧立体化学位阻差异较低，使该反应较难于控制。为此我们合成了一系列β-磺酰胺基醇，并将其作为配体与Ti(OiPr)4一起催化炔基锌对简单非活化酮的不对称加成反应。经过筛选、测试，发现一β-磺酰胺基醇-钛复合物可在温和条件下，有效促进炔基锌对简单非活化酮的不对称加成，并且得到相应的手性三级炔丙醇，ee值达到了86%。我们提供了一个简单、可行且廉价的产生手性三级炔丙醇的方法。     

α-酮亚胺基酯的不对称乙基锌加成反应

首次以手性1,2-二苯基-2-氨基乙醇衍生物为配体实现了乙基锌对α-酮亚胺基酯的不对称加成反应,合成了手性非天然α-氨基酸酯(1,4-加成产物),最高收率67%,最高对映选择性44%.     

芳基取代的手性恶唑啉铝氢化物的制备及其对酮羰 基的不对称还原反应

通过两种不同方法合成了三个羟苯基恶唑啉手性配体,并用其制成新手性还原剂双恶唑啉铝氢化物(DIOAL-H),研究了它对酮羰基的不对称还原反应。     

新型联吡啶钌膦配合物在芳香酮不对称加氢反应中的应用

本文用新型联吡啶手性双膦配体合成了一系列钌-膦-二胺络合物,并将它们用于简单芳香酮的不对称加氢反应,获得良好的活性和对映选择性;考察了溶剂、底物取代基对反应的影响,异丙醇中对邻溴苯乙酮的不对称加氢可获得96% 的对映选择性。     

α，β－不饱和酮中C＝C双键的Ir催化的高对映选择性氢化

α－手性酮化合物是一类重要的合成中间体．至今已有很多工作致力于在酮羰基α－位构建手性中心,但由于产物易于消旋,有效地不对称催化合成α－手性酮化合物的方法非常有限．从结构看通过α,β－不饱和酮的还原是一个构建酮羰基α－位手性中心的直接方法,但α,β－不饱和酮的还原往往是羰基而不是双键被还原．中国科学院上海有机化学研究所侯雪龙小组发现,利用Phosphinooxazoline（PHOX）为配体的Tr催化剂1能有效地催化氢化α,β－不饱和酮的碳碳双键,     

Improvement of Targeted Gene Delivery to Human Cancer Cells by a Novel Trifunctional Crosslinker

A facile method for the construction of an immunoconjugate which displays targeting ligands, such as antibody fragments, with a high density is reported. For this purpose, we synthesized a novel trifunctional crosslinking reagent. By the use of this reagent, ligands targeting the specific cell can be displayed on the surface of the drug carrier with a high density. In this study, we display HER2 (human epidermal growth‐factor receptor‐2) binding ligands on branched polyethylenimine (PEI), which can form polyplexes with plasmid DNA. Kinetic analysis of the binding to the extracellular domain of HER2 show the PEI displaying a high density of ligands binds to the target more strongly compared to the PEI displaying ligands at a low density. The increased density of HER2 ligands displayed on the gene carrier contributes to the improved transfection efficiency. This approach can be applied to other drug delivery systems, including liposome, micelle, and so on.     

Amplification of bifunctional ligands for calmodulin from a dynamic combinatorial library

A well known strategy to prepare high affinity ligands for a biological receptor is to link together low affinity ligands. DCC (dynamic combinatorial chemistry) was used to select bifunctional protein ligands with high affinity relative to the corresponding monofunctional ligands. Thiol to disulfide linkage generated a small dynamic library of bifunctional ligands in the presence of calmodulin, a protein with two independently mobile domains. The binding constant of the bifunctional ligand (disulfide) most amplified by the presence of calmodulin is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of the corresponding monofunctional ligand (thiol).     

Synthesis of novel norephedrine-based chiral ligands with multiple stereogenic centers and their application in enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehyde and chalcone

Novel norephedrine-based chiral ligands with multiple stereogenic centers were conveniently prepared from norephedrine and N-substituted pyrrole. These novel chiral ligands were used to catalyze the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes and to chalcone in high yields and with good to high enantioselectivities. The absolute configuration of products was found to be affected by the stereogenic centers on the norephedrine part of the novel chiral ligands.     

Highlights of the Rh-catalysed asymmetric hydroformylation of alkenes using phosphorus donor ligands

Rhodium is currently the metal of choice to achieve high enantioselectivities in the hydroformylation of a relatively high variety of alkene substrates. The elucidation of the different steps of the catalytic cycle and the characterisation of the resting state, together with the discovery of several types of ligands that are able to provide high enantioselectivities, have made the rhodium-catalysed hydroformylation a synthetically useful tool. For years, ligands containing phosphite moieties such as diphosphites and phosphine–phosphites were considered the most successful ligands to achieve high enantioselectivies in this process. In fact, the phosphite–phosphine BINAPHOS 43 and its derivatives are even today the most successful ligands in terms of selectivity and scope. Recently however, diphosphine derivatives were shown to provide high levels of selectivity. It can consequently be concluded that the key to achieve high enantioselectivities is not the type the phosphorus function involved in the coordination to the metal, but the particular spatial arrangement of the coordinated ligand.     

C−N Bond Formation from a Masked High‐Valent Copper Complex Stabilized by Redox Non‐Innocent Ligands

The reactivity of a stable copper(II) complex bearing fully oxidized iminobenzoquinone redox ligands towards nucleophiles is described. In sharp contrast with its genuine low‐valent counterpart bearing reduced ligands, this complex performs high‐yielding C?N bond formations. Mechanistic studies suggest that this behavior could stem from a mechanism akin to reductive elimination occurring at the metal center but facilitated by the ligand: it is proposed that a masked high oxidation state of the metal can be stabilized as a lower copper(II) oxidation state by the redox ligands without forfeiting its ability to behave as a high‐valent copper(III) center. These observations are substantiated by a combination of advanced EPR spectroscopy techniques with DFT studies. This work sheds light on the potential of redox ligands as promoters of unusual reactivities at metal centers and illustrates the concept of masked high‐valent metallic species.     

New chiral diamide ligands containing redox-active hydroquinone groups. Synthesis and results in the palladium(II)-catalyzed 1,4-diacetoxylation of 1,3-dienes

Chiral ligands 8-11, 22 and 23 were synthesized from different chiral diamines as a new class of ligands for the Pd(II)-catalyzed 1,4-diacetoxylation of 1,3-dienes. The synthesis from the diamines and protected benzoic acids was performed in a few simple steps and gave the ligands in high overall yields. The hydroquinone groups present in the ligands are in situ oxidized to benzoquinone to give the active ligands. Application of these ligands in the 1,4-diacetoxylation reaction afforded the oxidation product with high regio- and diastereoselectivity and an enantiomeric excess up to 42% was obtained. Possible coordination modes of the metal to the ligand are discussed, and experiments were made to investigate the coordination by varying the reaction conditions or making changes to the ligands.     

Tertiary-poly-amine ligands as stabilisers of transition metal complexes with uncommon oxidation states

Abstract

Tertiary-amine ligands are known to be poorer [sgrave] donor ligands than the corresponding primary- or secondary-amine ligands. They are known to shift the redox potentials of given couples to the anodic direction relative to the corresponding complexes with primary- or secondary-amine ligands. A review of data in the literature and of recent results on nickel complexes with tetra-aza-macrocyclic ligands and copper complexes with open chain polyamine ligands suggests that the major source for these effects is the poorer solvation of the complexes with the tertiary-amine complexes due to the lack of hydrogen bonding between the complexes and the solvent, or the counter ions. Thus the stabilisation of low valent transition metal complexes by tertiary-amine ligands is due to thermodynamic reasons. On the other hand, tertiary-amine-macrocyclic ligands stabilise high valent complexes because the route to the formation of imine groups is kinetically inhibited in these complexes.     

Synthesis of 7,7’-Disubstituted BINAP and Their Application in Asymmetric Catalytic Reaction

The design of new chiral ligands plays a very important role in the development of transition metal catalyzed asymmetric synthesis. Many chiral diphosphine ligands have been prepared and applied in asymmetric catalytic reactions with excellent enantioselectivities. Among the chiral diphosphine ligands reported, BINAP was found to have been the widest application in the transition metal catalyzed reaction. Recently we have developed a novel oxovanadium (Ⅳ) complex catalyst for the oxidative …     

Sulfoxide-alkene hybrids: a new class of chiral ligands for the Hayashi-Miyaura reaction

Sulfoxide-alkene hybrids are introduced as a new class of chiral heterodentate ligands for the Hayashi-Miyaura reaction. The synthesis of these ligands was achieved without the use of protecting groups. A chiral resolution was performed via simple column-chromatographic separation of the diastereomeric ligands. Both diastereomers proved to be excellent ligands in Rh-catalyzed 1,4-addition reactions, furnishing chiral products with high enantioselectivities and, remarkably, opposite stereoconfigurations.     

Asymmetric allylic alkylation of pyrroles and 4,7-dihydroindoles with alkene-phosphine ligands

A palladium-catalyzed highly enantioselective allylic alkylation of pyrroles and 4,7-dihydroindoles has been successfully developed with the use of chiral alkene-phosphine hybrid ligands to furnish the desired products in high yields with excellent ee's. It is noteworthy that alkene-phosphine ligands are much more effective than some other types of chiral ligands in this catalytic system.