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锌铋合金电极在溶胶电解液中的电化学行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
锌电极的自腐蚀速率, 持续放电下的阳极溶解速率和电极钝化的难易程度是碱性电池性能的重要电化学参数. 本文应用线性极化、恒流放电等电化学实验方法研究了电解液中添加Carbopol树脂以及电极中添加Bi对锌电极电化学行为的影响. 并应用金相显微镜和环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)对锌电极和锌铋合金电极浸蚀及放电后的形貌进行了表征. 结果表明: 电解液中添加适量的Carbopol树脂可明显提高电极的极化电阻, 显著降低电极的自腐蚀速率; 阳极的溶解电位出现不同程度的正移, 阳极过电位显著增大且大电流密度放电时较明显促进电极钝化. 锌电极中添加一定量的Bi对改善电极表面氧化物膜的沉积形貌和电极表面固液界面的传质条件, 减小电极的自腐蚀速率, 抑制电极自腐蚀等方面具有显著作用. 相似文献
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运用脉冲电沉积技术,将Zn2+,Pb2+,Bi3+,La3+共沉积制备多元合金,以此来改善锌电极的电化学性能。利用XRD,SEM和EDS对多元合金进行了结构表征,结果显示共沉积Pb,Bi,La元素进入了锌中形成置换型固溶体。通过极化曲线、塔菲尔曲线、循环伏安曲线、交流阻抗谱和充放电循环实验,研究了共沉积元素对锌电极在6 mol.L-1KOH溶液中电化学性能的影响,结果表明Zn-Pb-La-Bi四元合金电极的腐蚀电流为107.68 mA,致钝电流为68.85 mA,与锌电极相比,腐蚀程度降低了66.834%,阴阳极峰电流的衰减最慢,电化学阻抗也较大。以Zn-Pb-La-Bi四元合金粉为负极或锌粉为负极,组装二次碱性锌镍电池,充放电循环实验表明,最高容量分别为130.8,121.8 mAh.g-1,循环20次,电池衰减百分数分别为2.68%,6.65%。结果表明本文制备的8种合金电极的综合性能顺序为Zn-Pb-La-Bi>Zn-Bi-La>Zn-Pb-Bi>Zn-Pb-La>Zn-Bi>Zn-La>Zn>Zn-Pb,综合性能最佳的Zn-Pb-La-Bi合金有望代替汞齐化锌用作二次碱性锌镍电池负极。 相似文献
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本文以镍铬合金为基体构建了嵌入式超薄微晶纤维素/碳糊电极,该电极是在镍铬合金表面通过直接嵌入微晶纤维素修饰的碳糊膜而制成的。以抗坏血酸为目标物考察其在该电极上的电化学行为,结果表明合金表面嵌入的超薄微晶纤维素/碳糊膜改变了基体电极的电化学性质,扫描电镜表征电极表面形貌,电化学方法考察了该电极对AA的响应。该电极对AA的电氧化显示了良好的增敏作用,可用于实际样品中AA的测定。 相似文献
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本文应用新研发的一种无参比无辅助的单丝电极交流探头技术,研究碳钢和锌金属丝电极在3.5wt.% NaCl中的电化学腐蚀规律和牺牲阳极保护行为. 通过与传统的三电极电化学交流阻抗结果的对比和分析,进一步证明了该新型探头具有简便、快速、准确、稳定的特性,可实现定量评估. 测量显示,在3.5wt.% NaCl中,碳钢的瞬时腐蚀速率及累积腐蚀失重大于锌,它们腐蚀行为的差异与表面膜的性质及变化有关. 在碳钢-锌电偶对中,锌的保护效率可达到95%以上,且随浸泡时间增加先增加后减小. 相似文献
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锂离子电池Sn-Co-Zn合金负极材料电沉积及其储锂性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用电沉积技术制备出Sn-Co-Zn合金电极材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了该合金材料的相结构和表面形貌.通过循环伏安和电位阶跃实验研究了Sn-Co-Zn合金的电沉积机理,实验表明,Sn-Co-Zn合金电沉积按扩散控制连续成核和三维生长方式进行.XRD结果表明,该合金由CoSn3、Co3Sn2和Zn组成.电化学性能测试表明:Sn-Co-Zn合金电极首次放电(脱锂)容量达751mAh·g-1,首次循环的库仑效率为88%;30周循环之后放电容量为510mAh·g-1.该Sn-Co-Zn合金电极良好的电化学储锂性能可能归因于材料的多相结构. 相似文献
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通过化学刻蚀、电化学沉积和电化学氧化还原等粗糙方法,寻找合适的条件对锌电极表面进行预处理,以期获得吡啶在纯锌电极上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS).实验证明,电化学氧化还原处理是最佳的选择.以0.5mol/LNaClO4中性溶液作为电解质溶液,分别进行电化学氧化还原循环和电位阶跃两种处理.结果表明,将还原电位和氧化电位分别控制在-1.6和-0.7V时,利用共焦显微拉曼系统成功地得到了粗糙锌电极表面吸附吡啶的SERS信号. 相似文献
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铜电极上Zn—Co—P合金电沉积行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
铜电极上Zn┐Co┐P合金电沉积行为黄清安*陈永言邓伯华(武汉大学化学系武汉430072)关键词铜电极,Zn-Co-P合金,电沉积1996-04-23收稿,1996-09-13修回国家自然科学基金资助课题为了提高Zn层的耐蚀性,出现了含磷的锌基合金,... 相似文献
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Troy A. Lowe Gordon G. Wallace Aaron K. Neufeld 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2009,13(4):619-631
Electrochemical polarisation experiments have shown that anodic dissolution processes on Al–40% Zn alloys are significantly
enhanced in chloride compared to sulfate-based electrolytes. The aluminium content of the alloys allowed passive behaviour
to be observed in sulfate electrolyte even in the presence of zinc-rich precipitates on the surface. Electrolyte pH affected
cathodic processes, which was attributed to the rate of proton reduction and the passivity of the surface. Monitoring the
OCP of the alloy band during polarisation of neighbouring zinc electrodes in band microelectrode (BME) arrays showed that
generation of alkaline pH at the zinc electrodes affected the OCP of the alloy when the inter-electrode spacing was 10, 50,
and 200 μm. Where elements of a BME array were close enough to interact via mass transport, the overall galvanic behaviour
of the cell was found to be anodic or cathodic, whereas the alloy was consistently cathodic with respect to zinc in galvanic
cells at larger separations.
Dedicated to the 80th birthday of Keith B. Oldham. 相似文献
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贮氢合金表面处理改善Ni/MH电池1C充放电性能 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了贮氨合金两种表面化学处理方法对MH电极活化性能及Ni/MH电池IC充放电性能的影响:第一种处理方法是贮氢合金在6th。l·L-’KOH溶液中80T处理sh,第二种处理方法是在含有0.04mol·L-‘KBH4的6mol·L’‘KOH溶液中80t处理sh.通过MH电极的放电容量、充放电过程中电极极化和电化学阻抗谱测试评价了上述化学处理对电极活化性能的影响.电子探针表面分析表明化学处理后贮氢合金表面由于铝元素的优先溶解形成一层具有较高电催化活性的富镍表面层,它是改善电极活化性能的主要原因·以处理的贮氨合金为负极材料的Ni/MH电池具有较高IC充放电循环寿命和1.ZV以上放电容量. 相似文献
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通过超声浸渍法以不同浓度的Y(NO3)3溶液成功地制得几种声化学改性锌粉, 以期改善碱性电池锌电极的电化学性能. 利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及电化学测试等方法考察了改性锌粉上Y(OH)3/Y2O3的形成及相应锌电极的耐腐蚀和循环性能. 结果表明, Y(NO3)3浓度为0.036 mol·L-1时, 声化学改性锌粉表面均匀分布着颗粒状的Y(OH)3/Y2O3, 且这些钇化合物优先生长在锌粉表面的缺陷位置, 阻挡了电化学过程中锌酸根离子向碱性电解液中的溶解与扩散, 使得相应锌电极的缓蚀效率达79.6%, 且20次循环伏安曲线的阴、阳极峰电位差比空白样减小了285 mV. 将这种改性锌粉和空白锌粉组装成模拟锌银电池, 在250 mA·cm-2的高放电电流密度下测试发现, 声化学改性锌粉的锌电极从1次到30次循环的放电容量损失仅为62.7 mAh·g-1; 且放电容量在50周期时达到322.6 mAh·g-1, 说明声化学改性锌粉可明显提高电极的放电容量和循环寿命. 相似文献
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A Ti-V-based bcc phase alloy for use as metal hydride electrode with high discharge capacity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The electrochemical characteristics of single bcc phase Ti-30V-15Cr-15Mn alloy were investigated. It was demonstrated that the single bcc phase alloy has high electrochemical discharge performance at high temperature. Its discharge capacity is closely related with temperature and discharge current. The first discharge capacities of 580-814 mAh g(-1) of the alloy powder were obtained at discharge current of 45-10 mA g(-1) in 6 M KOH solution at 353 K. Although the electrochemical cycle life of the alloy is unsatisfactory at present, it opens up prospects for developing a new hydrogen storage alloy with high hydrogen capacity for use as high performance metal hydride electrodes in rechargeable Ni-MH battery. 相似文献
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研究了在不同电流密度下进行长时间极化后Pb-Ag(0.8%(质量分数,w))平板阳极的阳极电位、腐蚀率及阳极钝化膜.同时,也研究了该阳极在ZnSO4-MnSO4-H2SO4电解液中的阴极电流效率和阴极锌品质.阳极钝化膜的表面形貌用扫描电镜(SEM)进行观测.实验结果表明,不管电解液中是否存在Mn2+,电流密度对阳极和阴极的电化学行为都产生了显著的影响.随着电流密度的升高,阳极电位、腐蚀率、阴极电流效率和阳极泥生成量也增加,而阴极锌中的Pb含量则减少.当电流密度从500A·m-2降到200A·m-2时,阳极在ZnSO4-MnSO4-H2SO4电解液中的稳定电位和腐蚀率分别减少64mV和40%.此外,在比较低的电流密度下,阳极电位更容易稳定,阳极表面生成的钝化膜更加致密并与基体结合牢固,这些都有利于降低阳极腐蚀率.为了降低阳极电位、减小阳极腐蚀率及阳极泥生成量并提高阴极电流效率和阳极锌品质,锌电积的理想工作条件是较低的阳极电流密度和较高的阴极电流密度. 相似文献
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Hossnia S. Mohran Abdel-Rahman El-Sayed Hany M. Abd El-Lateef 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2009,13(8):1279-1290
The anodic behavior of tin, indium, and tin–indium alloys was studied in oxalic acid solution using potentiodynamic technique
and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The E/I curves showed that the anodic behavior of all investigated electrodes exhibits active/passive transition. In the case of
tin, the active dissolution region involves two anodic peaks (I and II) prior to permanent passive region. On the other hand,
the active dissolution of indium involves four peaks (I–IV) prior to permanent passive region. The first (I) can be associated
with the active dissolution of indium to InOOH, the second peak (II) to the formation of In(OH)3, the third peak (III) to partially dehydration of In(OH)3, and the peak (IV) to complete dehydration of In(OH)3 to In2O3. When the surface is entirely covered with In2O3 film, the anodic current falls to a small value (I
pass) indicating the onset of passivation. The active dissolution potential region of the first three tin–indium alloys involves
a net anodic contribution peak, and this is followed by a passive region. It is expected that the investigated peak is related
to the formation of In2O3 and SnO (mixed oxides). When the formation of oxides (the oxides of In and Sn) exceeds its dissolution rate, the current
drops, indicating the onset of passivation precipitation of In2O3/SnO and SnO2 on the surface which blocks the dissolution of active sites. The alloys IV and V showed small second peak at about −620 mV
which may be related to oxidation of In to In2O3 due to high In content in the two examined alloys. The active dissolution and passive current are increase with increasing
temperature for all investigated metals and their alloys. 相似文献