食品中硒检测技术研究进展

对测定食品中微量元素硒的前处理方法(干法、湿法、微波消解法等)和检测方法(原子光谱法、分子光谱法、色谱法、电化学法等)的现状(主要在1990～2010年间发表的文献)及相关的原理和方法的特点之处作了综述(引用文献20篇)。     

甲醛测定方法的研究进展

综述了甲醛测定方法(包括光谱法、电化学法、色谱法、生物学方法、化学方法和其他方法)的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

国外钢铁分析近况

对国外应用于钢铁分析的方法包括原子光谱法、分光光度法、电化学法以及中子活化法等的现状(主要在1990～2010年间发表的文献)作了综述(引用文献78篇)。     

微型化学实验与常规实验的比较研究

通过对2个有机化学实验的常规实验与微型实验加以比较,说明研究和推广微型实验的必要性. 1实验部分 (1)实验内容:乙酸乙酯的制备和苯甲酸的制备. (2)实验方法:常量法,实验方法见文献[1];微量法,实验方法见文献[2].     

气相色谱中多种死时间测定方法的比较

由烷烃同系物的保留时间计算死时间的方法有多种,常用的并得到认可的有Grobler-Balizs法(G-B法)、Guaradino法(G法)、Peterson-Hirsch法(P．H法)和Ambms法(A法)等。文献[5]已证明A法和G-B法是同一的。本文是文献[5]的继续,将证明A法、P-H法和G法也是同一的。     

原子吸收光谱法在测定食品中金属元素的研究进展

根据文献报道,评述了自1991年以来国内原子吸收光谱法在食品中金属元素分析的研究进展,包括:样品前处理方法、原子化方法和联用技术(引用文献37篇)。     

钙锶镁同时测定方法的研究进展

对应用于钙、锶和镁同时测定的分析方法如原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、离子色谱法、X-射线荧光光谱法等的现状(主要在1997—2009年间发表的文献)及相关的原理、方法的特点及不足之处作了综述(引用文献63篇)。     

电渗泵中电渗流的控制

电渗泵是利用载流的电渗驱动原理，结合电色谱(EC)、毛细管电泳(CE)、液相色谱柱技术制作的输液微泵，是新颖的流体和样品输送技术。电渗泵中电渗流(EOF)控制方法与EC和CE等文献中的电渗流控制方法是相同的。本文对EC和CE等文献中有关EOF控制方法作了总结，并对电渗泵的研究现状和应用作一些前瞻分析。     

免疫球蛋白分析的研究进展

对应用于免疫球蛋白的分析方法如:酶联免疫法、色谱法、表面等离子共振技术、毛细管电泳技术等的现状(主要在1994-2007年间发表的文献)及相关的原理、方法的特点及不足之处作了综述(引用文献26篇)。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法中悬浮液直接进样技术的研究与应用的进展

对电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)中的悬浮液直接进样技术的研究及应用的进展作了评述。文中引用文献涉及年份为1988~2005年。主要的评述内容包括试样制备方法、仪器装置、校准方法、影响悬浮液进样中的传输效率和雾化效率及分析结果可靠性的因素,以及此技术的分析应用(引用文献47篇)。     

液相法制备（亚）铁磁性纳米材料*

（亚）铁磁性纳米材料因其特殊的磁学性能,在生物、医药、电子器件、军工等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了（亚）铁磁性纳米金属铁、钴、镍以其合金和铁氧体的液相制备方法,包括沉淀法、水热/溶剂热法、微乳液法、多元醇工艺、热分解法、溶胶-凝胶法和超声化学法等;详细介绍了这些方法的反应机制和发展现状以及应用上述方法制备相关纳米材料的过程;分析了有关（亚）铁磁性纳米材料能够实现产业化的制备方法的发展趋势。     

On the existence of primary methods of measurement

 There is much discussion in chemical metrology about the definition of primary methods of measurement, just as a couple of years ago there was debate about its predecessors, absolute methods and definitive methods. It is argued in this paper that the designation of certain methods as being primary only makes sense if there is an outstanding property identified that is common to all primary methods, and not present for all non-primary methods. The aim to identify primary methods should not blur our notion that it is the good practice of analytical chemistry that produces good results, not a particular method of analysis.     

Assessment of theoretical methods for the calculation of methyl cation affinities

The methyl cation affinity (MCA; 298 K) of a variety of neutral and anionic bases has been examined computationally with a wide variety of theoretical methods. These include high-level composite procedures such as W1, G3, G3B3, and G2, conventional ab initio methods such as CCSD(T) and MP2, as well as a selection of density functional theory (DFT) methods. Experimental results for a variety of small model systems are well reproduced with practically all these methods, and the performance of DFT based methods are far superior in comparison to their MP2 analogs for these small models. For larger model, systems including motifs frequently encountered in organocatalysts, the performance deteriorates somewhat for DFT methods, while it improves significantly for MP2, rendering the former methods unreliable for common organic bases. Thus, MP2 calculations performed in combination with basis sets such as 6-31+G(2d, p) or larger, appear to offer a practical and reliable approach to compute MCAs of organic bases.     

Recent analytical approaches in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines—A review

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are gaining more and more attention all over the world, due to their specific theory and long historical clinical practice. But the uncontrollable quality is a bottleneck for its modernization and globalization. This paper reviewed the recent analytical methods in the quality control of TCMs, including screening strategies of bioactive markers from TCMs through biochromatographic methods, the traditional chromatographic methods, DNA methods, as well as the spectroscopic methods, including FT-IR, NIR and NMR. The comprehensive methods, such as fingerprint and multi-component quantification are emphasized; hyphenated techniques, like HPLC-MS, GC-MS, CE-MS, LC-NMR, chemometric methods, and combination of chemical and biological methods, such as biofingerprint, metabolic fingerprint are now more and more widely used in TCMs. In a few word, the analysis and quality control of TCMs are moving towards an integrative and comprehensive direction, in order to better address the inherent holistic nature of TCMs.     

干果类食品的样品前处理与分析检测方法研究进展

坚果、果脯等干果类食品含有丰富的营养成分,深受国内外广大消费者的喜爱。但这些食品在果实生产、加工、储运时会使用农药或产生霉变等,造成干果中农药、重金属、霉菌毒素或添加剂等有害成分残留,甚至超过国家限量要求,带来严重的食品安全问题。因此,加强干果类食品的质量监督具有重要的经济和社会意义。但干果类食品基质复杂,有害物质种类多,结构和性质差异大,含量低,其分析检测需要快速高效的样品前处理技术和准确灵敏的分析检测方法。该文主要综述了近十年来干果类食品中有害物质的样品前处理及分析检测方法研究进展。其中样品前处理方法主要包括各种场辅助萃取法、相分离法和衍生化萃取方法等。场辅助萃取法主要是借助超声波和微波场等外场(协同)作用加快干果中有害物质的溶出速度,提高其萃取效率。相分离法,包括固相(微)萃取、分散固相萃取和液相(微)萃取法等,具有溶剂消耗少、分离富集效率高的优势,是干果样品分析中较常使用的前处理方法。该文还重点介绍了干果中各类有害成分分析检测技术,主要包括色谱、原子光谱、无机质谱、电化学分析等常规实验室方法,以及一些适用于现场分析的快速检测技术,并以此为基础,展望了干果类食品中有害物质分析检测技术的发展趋势。     

Latest achievements in the analytical chemistry of actinides

New methods for separation and determination of actinides, widely used in analysis of actinides in technological and environmental samples are reviewed. Special attention is paid to obtaining and stabilizing transplutonium elements. (TPE) in extreme oxidation states. Their use in analytical practice resulted in expanding possibilities of methods for separation and determination of TPE. Solvent extraction, sorption and extraction chromatography are the basic methods for separation of TPE. Solvent extraction, sorption and extraction chromatography are the basic methods for separation of TPE. Methods of separation in gas phase and some other methods such as precipitation and coprecipitation are applied, however, to a lesser degree. Trends of development of these methods including those of various types of membrane extraction that succeeded in separation of TPE in both trivalent and other valence states have been shown. Attention is paid mainly to consideration of modern methods for determination of actinides, special distinction of such methods being low limits of determination, high precision and selectivity. Alpha- and beta-spectrometric methods with semiconductor detectors are the most advanced among various methods based on registration of nuclear radiation. Tremendous success has been achieved in development of emission-spectrometric methods for determination of trace amounts of actinides and various impure elements occurring in samples of actinides. Sensitive mass-spectrometric methods are widely used for determination of both isotope composition and content of elements in various samples including those which are highly radioactive. More simple and precise titrimetric methods based on using oxidizing-reducing or complexing agents are developed successfully. A large number of coulometric methods for determination of americium and berkelium, characterizing high precision and selectivity as well as luminescence methods have been developed.     

Extracellular vesicles based electrochemical biosensors for detection of cancer cells: A review

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cancer cells are considered as ideal biomarker for liquid biopsy in cancer diagnosis, and are stable and abundant. Electrochemical methods for the detection of EVs are preferred over conventional methods such as Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for their high sensitivity and real-time detection. This article summaries studies proposing the electrochemical methods utilizing immunological and molecular methodologies for detecting EVs derived biomacromolecules such as miRNAs and transmembrane protein for cancer diagnosis. Moreover, the electrochemical detection methods are compared and future prospects for the development of electrochemical methods for EVs detection are concluded.     

Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of meat authenticity

In this overview, different meat authenticity issues are presented, as well as a wide variety of methods available for meat authentication. Unlike chromatographic, traditional gel electrophoretic, or immunological methods, which have been routinely used in analytical laboratories, the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) is relatively new in solving meat authentication issues. Several unique CE applications based on meat protein fingerprinting are discussed for the analysis of meat species in unheated meat products. For protein data interpretation, pattern recognition is used to account for the natural variability present within the same meat species. While gel DNA-based methods are widely used for determining meat species in heat processed products, few DNA-based methods utilizing CE have been reported. Moreover, the methods reported are qualitative or semiquantitative. Thus, the need for quantitative competitive PCR CE methods in the determination of meat species is addressed. For the determination of meat extenders, CE methods were either protein-based or based on specific markers. Polyphenols are used as specific markers for soy detection and hydroxyproline is used as a specific marker for collagen determination. Finally, the potential of electrophoretically mediated miroanalysis (EMMA) for the detection of meat that may have been previously frozen and retailed as "fresh" is highlighted.     

Usefulness of capability indices in the framework of analytical methods validation

Analytical methods capability evaluation can be a useful methodology to assess the fitness of purpose of these methods for their future routine application. However, care on how to compute the capability indices have to be made. Indeed, the commonly used formulas to compute capability indices such as Cpk, will highly overestimate the true capability of the methods. Especially during methods validation or transfer, there are only few experiments performed and, using in these situations the commonly applied capability indices to declare a method as valid or as transferable to a receiving laboratory will conduct to inadequate decisions.