环糊精与丹参酮ⅡA包合作用的研究

通过荧光光谱方法分别研究了丹参酮ⅡA在溶液的pH为7.5时与β-CD和γ-CD的包合常数,对客体的包结能力β-CD>γ-CD;并利用热力学方法研究了温度对包合反应的影响,计算了包合过程的熵变、焓变及自由能变化;分子模拟方法进一步证实了该包合物的形成;采用超声波法制备了环糊精与丹参酮ⅡA的固体包合物,并用红外光谱对固体包合物进行了表征.     

羟丙基-β-环糊精与丹参酮IIA包合作用的研究

采用相溶解度法研究了丹参酮 IIA在不同pH和不同摩尔浓度的羟丙基-β-环糊精水溶液中的溶解度及二者的包合常数; 采用热力学方法研究了温度对包合反应的影响, 计算了包合过程的熵变、焓变及自由能变化; 用分子模拟方法进一步证实了该包合物的形成; 用红外光谱对固体包合物进行了表征.     

羟丙基-β-环糊精与丹参酮IIA包合作用的研究

采用相溶解度法研究了丹参酮 IIA在不同pH和不同摩尔浓度的羟丙基-β-环糊精水溶液中的溶解度及二者的包合常数; 采用热力学方法研究了温度对包合反应的影响, 计算了包合过程的熵变、焓变及自由能变化; 用分子模拟方法进一步证实了该包合物的形成; 用红外光谱对固体包合物进行了表征.     

羟丙基-β-环糊精对γ-山竹黄酮的包合作用研究

采用荧光光谱法研究了羟丙基-β-环糊精(Hp-β-CD)在生理pH条件和中性条件下对γ-山竹黄酮(γ-MAG)的包合行为和增溶效果,并探讨了温度对表观包合稳定常数的影响.利用溶液-搅拌法制备了包合物,并用红外吸收光谱法、差示扫描量热分析法对其进行了表征.结果表明:在胃液pH和中性条件下,Hp-β-CD 均能与γ-MAG形成稳定的包合物,包合比分别为 1∶ 1和2∶ 1,表观包合稳定常数K分别为1.57×103 L/mol和2.7×106 L2/mol2,在中性条件下更容易形成包合物.而在肠液pH条件下,Hp-β-CD与γ-MAG没有包合现象.温度对表观包合稳定常数的影响不大.Hp-β-CD与γ-MAG形成包合物后,使 γ-MAG的溶解度增加了约31倍.     

光谱法及热动力学法研究环糊精与三氟氯氰菊酯的包合作用

制备了β-环糊精(β-CD)-三氟氯氰菊酯(CHL)包合物,采用差示扫描量热分析法和核磁共振波谱法对包合物进行表征.实验采用1HNMR研究包合物的空间结构,推测出三氟氯氰菊酯同β-CD的包合方式是从大口端进入β-CD.用化学软件对β-CD与CHL包合方式计算发现,CHL从β-CD的大口端和小口端进入,总能量分别为108.1kJ/mol与129.2kJ/mol,表明CHL从β-CD的大口端进入形成的包合物能量最低,结构最稳定.在25℃下,实验测得β-CD-三氟氯氰菊酯包合物形成常数为340.6L?mol-1,包合比是1∶1.热动力学方法研究了温度变化对包合反应的影响,计算得出包合过程的焓变-50.29kJ?mol-1、熵变120.6J?K-1?mol-1及自由能变化-14.45kJ?mol-1,进而确定了包合反应的主要驱动力是焓.     

β-环糊精与有机胺之间包合作用的理论与实验研究

通过实验和理论计算方法研究了β-环糊精(CD)与乙二胺1及它的三个类似物: 二乙烯三胺2、三乙胺3和乙二胺四乙酸4之间的包合作用. 利用旋光法确定了β-CD与客体分子形成1:1型主–客体包合物, 在298.2 K下测定了包合物在水中的稳定常数(K). 采用半经验PM3方法考察了β-CD与短链脂肪胺1~7、环状脂肪胺8~11以及芳香胺12~13的分子间结合能力, 报道了β-CD与这些客体分子间的包合络合过程并讨论了这些包合体系之间的包合差异性. 变形能和水合能对包合体系的相互作用能的贡献均相当小. β-CD包合物的稳定性取决于主、客体分子之间的尺寸匹配. 对于β-CD与客体1~4形成的包合物而言, 旋光法测定的包合物的K值的顺序与PM3计算得到的包合物络合能绝对值的排序有很好的一致性.     

包合态氯氰菊酯气相色谱分析问题研究

1引言结构适宜的脂溶性化合物被β-环糊精（β-CD）包合后,极性、热稳定性和光谱特征等物理性质与游离的客体分子有明显的差异。这便提出了一个新的问题——非包合态客体的定量分析方法能否实用于它的包合物,尤其是色谱或光谱法。本文对氯氰菊酯（LQ）β-CD包合物的气相分析方法进行了研究。β-CD-LQ是农药制剂的一个创新品种,它的定量分析关系到质量检测和制量标准的制定。IQ通常用气相色谱法测定,这一方法能否直接用于它的包合物的定量检测,还需加以考证。2实验部分2．1试剂和仪器β-CD（陕西佳县生物化工公司）;LQ（河南省…     

荧光光谱法研究分解后白术挥发油与β-环糊精和羟丙基-β-环糊精的包合作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了多组分分解后白术挥发油(DVOA)与β-环糊精(β-CD)和羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)的包合作用。固定挥发油质量,考察了β-CD和HP-β-CD的浓度及包合时间对挥发油荧光强度的影响,同时采用荧光双倒数法计算了挥发油与β-CD和HP-β-CD的包合比及包合常数,并进一步研究了挥发油/HP-β-CD包合物的热力学特性。实验结果表明,挥发油的荧光强度随β-CD和HP-β-CD浓度的增大而逐渐增加,表明包合物的形成,包合比均为1∶1;25℃下挥发油与β-CD和HP-β-CD的包合常数分别为110、172L/mol,表明包合稳定性为HP-β-CDβ-CD。温度25℃、35℃和45℃下,挥发油与HP-β-CD的包合常数分别为172、130、83L/mol,△G、△H和△S均为负值,且△H小于一般反应热,表明升高温度挥发油与HP-β-CD的包合稳定性降低;包合反应可自发进行,且为放热反应,包合过程是挥发油分子与HP-β-CD分子间氢键和范德华力作用的结果。     

β-环糊精及其衍生物对维生素分子的识别作用

以乙基紫(EV)为光谱探针,采用紫外-可见光谱法测定了两种维生素(V)与β-环糊精(β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)和磺丁醚-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)的包合特性.结果表明,多种弱相互作用力协同作用于环糊精的包合过程,主-客体间的尺寸匹配影响了包合物的稳定性.包合能力β-CDHP-β-CDSBE-β-CD.     

γ-环糊精对二甲戊灵的包合作用

以γ-环糊精(γ-CD)为主体,采用饱和水溶液法对客体二甲戊灵进行包合.采用紫外光谱以等摩尔连续变化法确定包合物的包合比为1∶1;红外光谱证明二甲戊灵的部分苯环结构可能进入了γ-CD的空腔;热分析结果证明包合作用提升了二甲戊灵的熔点;粉末X射线衍射谱图中新衍射峰的出现说明形成了新物相;扫描电镜则直观展现了包合物的外观.以上结果均表明形成了γ-CD-二甲戊灵包合物,其包合平衡常数K=1123.99 L/mol.包合作用使二甲戊灵的熔点从54℃升至75℃,溶解度提高了约11.5倍,包合物热贮稳定性达标,为进一步将其加工成其它水基化农药剂型提供了可能.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.