铜-银双金属纳米颗粒催化的醛-端炔加成反应研究

采用铜-银双金属纳米颗粒作为催化剂,在2,2'-联吡啶作为配体的修饰作用下,发展了一个高效的、双金属催化的醛-端炔加成生成炔丙醇化合物的反应体系.在该催化体系中,铜-银双金属纳米颗粒催化剂表现出独特的双金属协同效应,银纳米颗粒作为助催化剂有效提高了铜催化剂的催化效能.与文献相比,该反应条件温和、底物适应性优良,且无需溶剂.该反应中,催化剂可以实现有效循环利用,并可有效放大到克级规模反应.     

水溶性含钌-铂双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物选择性加氢

考察了水溶性Ru/Pt-TPPTS双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物的加氢性能.实验结果表明,在Ru-TPPTS中添加铂或钯后,反应活性明显提高,尤其是Ru/Pt-TPPTS双金属催化剂更表现出显著的双金属协同效应.在pH₂=1.0MPa,70℃,反应2h的条件下,双金属催化剂0.50Ru/0.50Pt-TPPTS催化对-氯硝基苯加氢生成对-氯苯胺的反应转化率达到100%.对于取代基和取代位置不同的一些卤代硝基苯加氢,该双金属催化剂也表现出很高的催化活性和生成卤代苯胺的选择性,脱卤反应的程度很小.     

金/钯双金属纳米颗粒协同催化酰胺和醇间氢自转移反应中路易斯酸驱动反应路径（英文）

金属纳米颗粒,特别是金和它的双金属纳米颗粒作为强大的绿色催化剂广泛用于有机合成反应中.在一个反应体系中使用2个不同催化剂(如协同催化),在均相催化中是一个很好的策略.然而,这种方法仍在发展中.最近我们发现,金/钯双金属纳米颗粒与路易斯酸的协同催化体系可用于伯胺的N-烷基化:即酰胺与醇之间的氢自转移反应.我们详细报道了路易斯酸对该氢自转移反应的影响.结果表明,所选的路易斯酸不仅影响生成目标产物的反应路径,而且影响生成多个中间体和副产物的反应路径.弱的路易斯酸,如三氟甲磺酸碱土金属盐,非常适合酰胺的N-烷基化反应.     

碳载氧化锰表面氧还原反应路径研究(英文)

氧还原反应(ORR)是一个复杂的过程,尤其在碱性电解液中,炭载型催化剂表面的ORR路径尤为复杂,因为碳本身可以催化ORR以二电子转移过程发生,产生过氧化氢,继而过氧化氢或者发生化学分解生成氧气(HODR),或者发生电化学还原生成OH(HORR).本文详细研究了ORR在常用氧化锰催化剂表面的反应路径.通过比较HODR和HORR的转换频率发现,尽管利用旋转环盘电极方法得到的表观电子转移数接近4,真实的ORR主要是2电子过程,反应生成的过氧化氢继而大部分发生化学分解生成氧气.该结果有助于理解碱性电解质中炭载型过渡金属氧化物电催化剂对ORR的催化行为.     

单质铜与过氧化氢溶液反应的研究*

针对单质铜能否与过氧化氢发生反应,以及用硫酸酸化反应液能否加快铜离子催化过氧化氢分解反应速率的疑惑,设计了单质铜与过氧化氢溶液反应和铜离子催化过氧化氢分解反应的实验。认为单质铜能被过氧化氢氧化生成氧化铜和氧化亚铜,加热反应液能明显增大铜离子催化过氧化氢分解反应的速率,用硫酸酸化反应液能明显减小铜离子催化过氧化氢分解反应的速率。     

炭负载Pd/Ce双金属催化剂对Heck反应的催化性能

通过简便的方法制备了炭负载Pd/Ce双金属催化剂,利用Pd/Ce双金属催化剂的协同效应提高催化剂对Heck反应的催化效率。 以碘苯与丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应为模型反应,研究了反应条件对催化剂催化性能的影响。 结果显示,在反应温度为130 ℃,反应时间为5 h,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为溶剂和三丁胺(Bu₃N)作为碱的条件下,炭负载Pd/Ce双金属催化剂对丙烯酸和碘苯的Heck芳基化反应具有良好的催化性能,产率达到70%以上。 另外,该催化剂属于非均相催化剂,催化剂易与反应溶液分离;也可以重复利用,使用3次反应产率仍达到66.9%,显示了炭负载Pd/Ce双金属催化剂良好的催化活性。     

预处理条件对高浓度过氧化氢分解用银网催化剂初始活性的影响

 通过电镀法制备了用于催化分解高浓度过氧化氢的银网催化剂,采用过氧化氢预处理的方法对其初始催化性能进行了改进. 结果表明,采用90%过氧化氢预处理可明显提高银网催化剂的初始活性,扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱表征结果显示90%过氧化氢预处理后的银网催化剂表面形成了大量1 μm的沟壑并有Ag2O的生成,这是其性能提高的主要原因.     

石墨烯负载Pt-Pd催化剂的制备、催化制氢性能及机理研究

以氧化石墨烯为载体,采用乙醇共还原法制备了石墨烯负载Pt-Pd双金属纳米催化剂,并将其用于催化碱性硼氢化钾(KBH_4)水解制氢研究.采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段表征了催化剂的微观形貌和结构,发现当金属催化剂中Pt/Pd摩尔比为1∶1时,Pt-Pd双金属催化剂颗粒可均匀地负载于石墨烯载体表面,而且粒径比单金属催化剂和其它组成的双金属催化剂粒径更小,约为5.6 nm.将该催化剂用于催化碱性条件下KBH_4水解制氢实验,结果表明,金属催化剂的化学组成对其催化性能有明显影响,当Pt/Pd摩尔比为1∶1时其催化活性高于其它化学组成(Pt/Pd摩尔比为4∶1或1∶4)的Pt-Pd双金属催化剂,催化活性可达4380 mol_(H2)·mol_M~(-1)·h~(-1),比Pt单金属催化剂活性提高约52%,为Pd单金属催化剂活性的4倍.通过催化反应动力学研究发现,Pt-Pd双金属催化剂催化KBH_4水解制氢反应的活化能约为20.90k J/mol,催化剂具有较佳的耐久性,连续使用3次后催化效率仍可达首次催化反应效率的83%.利用密度泛函理论研究了催化剂催化KBH_4水解反应的机制,发现双金属纳米催化剂可以明显降低硼氢化物水解反应决速步骤基元反应的势垒,从而显著提高催化剂的催化活性.     

金/钯双金属纳米颗粒协同催化酰胺和醇间氢自转移反应中路易斯酸驱动反应路径

金属纳米颗粒,特别是金和它的双金属纳米颗粒作为强大的绿色催化剂广泛用于有机合成反应中。在一个反应体系中使用2个不同催化剂(如协同催化),在均相催化中是一个很好的策略。然而,这种方法仍在发展中。最近我们发现,金/钯双金属纳米颗粒与路易斯酸的协同催化体系可用于伯胺的N-烷基化：即酰胺与醇之间的氢自转移反应。我们详细报道了路易斯酸对该氢自转移反应的影响。结果表明,所选的路易斯酸不仅影响生成目标产物的反应路径,而且影响生成多个中间体和副产物的反应路径。弱的路易斯酸,如三氟甲磺酸碱土金属盐,非常适合酰胺的N-烷基化反应。     

复合金属氧化物催化剂在光驱动合成过氧化氢中的原位转化及其性能研究

利用钛基复合金属氢氧化物作为前驱体,通过焙烧转化为钛基复合金属氧化物,作为光合成过氧化氢的催化剂.发现复合金属氧化物中的氧化锌晶相在合成过氧化氢反应中被原位溶蚀,逐步转变为TiO_2-ZnTiO_3相.复合金属氧化物与原位转化得到的TiO_2-ZnTiO_3都显示出比商品化的TiO_2(P25:80%锐钛矿和20%金红石混合相)更好的光合成过氧化氢性能.动力学分析表明,过氧化氢的生成由其生成速率与分解速率共同决定,TiO_2-ZnTiO_3作为催化剂时,过氧化氢的生成速率常数(K_f)是3.581μM/min,是复合金属氧化物作催化剂时(K_f=0.982μM/min)的3.65倍,是P25(K_f=0.852μM/min)的4.20倍.而相应的分解速率常数(K_d),TiO_2-ZnTiO_3(K_d=0.0472min~(-1))是复合金属氧化物(K_d=0.0119min~(-1))的3.97倍,是P25(K_d=0.0374min~(-1))的1.26倍.TiO_2-ZnTiO_3具有更大的生成速率常数和分解速率常数.因此,尽管TiO_2-ZnTiO_3在反应初期催化生成了更多的过氧化氢,但随着反应进行,TiO_2-ZnTiO_3催化合成的过氧化氢与复合金属氧化物达到几乎相同量,这表明催化剂的原位结构(物相)转变对反应动力学产生了影响,但并不显著改变过氧化氢的最终产量.抑制过氧化氢在催化剂表面的分解是提高其产量的重要途径.该工作加深了对钛基复合金属氧化物光催化合成过氧化氢的反应动力学认识,为钛基催化剂结构设计提供了一定指导.     

Catalytic activity of Cu(II)–poly(vinyl alcohol) complex for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was examined was examined by using Cu(II)–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as catalyst. The rates of decomposition were measured. Electronic spectra and infrared spectra of Cu(II)–PVA complex systems were determined at various stages of decomposition. Effect of addition of various amines to the Cu(II)–PVA system on catalytic action was considered. The relation between the initial rate and the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide varied in accordance with the rate expression of Michaelis-Menten type. Cu(II)–PVA complex was found to have a large catalytic activity, while the polymeric PVA ligand and copper(II) ion exhibited less activity than Cu(II)–PVA complex. For hydrogen peroxide decomposition, Cu(II)–PVA complex showed catalytic activity when a stable complex of planar structure formed, while many other polymer complexes reported by other authors showed the catalytic activity when they were in unstable complex forms. An amine substituent has a critical influence on the rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. The mechanism in the first step of reaction for hydrogen peroxide decomposition is discussed.     

An environmentally benign route for epichlorohydrin from allyl chloride epoxidation catalyzed by heteropolyphosphatotungstate

In the absence of organic solvent, allyl chloride was epoxidized with aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by a heteropolyphosphatotungstate catalyst with very good activity and recycling activity. Under optimized conditions, an epichlorohydrin yield of 88.7% was achieved in the first run; after two recycles, the epichlorohydrin yield remained still above 85.0%. Various factors affecting the catalytic reaction were investigated systematically. The reaction rate of hydrogen peroxide in the epoxidation of allyl chloride is zero order with respect to hydrogen peroxide. The activation energy is 52.27 kJ/mol.     

Kinetics of Iron-catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solution

The decomposition of alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions at 20°C has been studied in the presence of both supported iron catalysts and in systems with iron initially in solution. Studies with an iron-alumina supported catalyst showed the decomposition reaction was first order with respect to total peroxide concentration, while studies with alkaline Fe³⁺ produced more complex behavior. This has been attributed to the presence of at least two distinct catalytically active iron species. The first species is highly active and gives rise to high initial rates of reaction. A decrease in concentration of this species is observed together with an increase in concentration of a second, less active, iron species. The catalytic behavior of this “aged” iron species was found to be very similar to that of the supported iron catalyst.     

Peroxidase-like catalytic activity of Mn- and Fe-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphines bound to aminopropyl-glass bead in oxidative reaction of heterocyclic amines

Fe- or Mn-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (Fe- and Mn-TCPP) bound to aminopropyl-glass bead (Fe- and Mn-TCPP_gs) was examined for the peroxidase (POD)-like function in order to develop a solid catalyst which can exhibit POD-like activity without adsorbing heterocyclic amines (HCAs). Mn-TCPP in aqueous solution had only a slight POD-like catalytic activity on HCAs (IQ and MeIQ). As for Fe-TCPP, it was impossible to examine the POD-like activity since it reacted with hydrogen peroxide in a liquid reaction system. However, both Fe- and Mn-TCPP when immobilized on aminopropyl-glass bead via peptide bond (Fe- and Mn-TCPP_gs), catalyzed the oxidative reaction of mutagenic HCAs with hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic activity of Fe- and Mn-TCPP_gs was investigated in more detail using as a substrate IQ and MeIQ which were oxidized more rapidly among the tested HCAs. Consequently, the optimal conditions for the oxidative reaction catalyzed by Fe- and Mn-TCPP_gs were determined. In addition, ESI-mass and absorption spectra of oxidation products of IQ and MeIQ showed that they are dimers. Thus, it was demonstrated that a solid catalyst with POD-like activity can be obtained by immobilizing Fe- and Mn-TCPPs on aminopropyl-glass beads.     

Simultaneous determination of trace iron and aluminum by catalytic spectrophotometry based on a novel oxidation reaction of xylene cyanol FF.

A new, simple, sensitive and selective method for the simultaneous determination of trace iron and aluminum by catalytic spectrophotometry was presented, based on the catalytic effects of iron and aluminum on the discoloring reaction of xylene cyanol FF proceeded by hydrogen peroxide and potassium periodate in weak nitric acid medium. No catalytic effect was obtained in the presence of hydrogen peroxide or potassium periodate only. With the conditional rate constants determined in reaction systems catalyzed by Al or Fe only, the concentrations of Fe and Al in the samples can be calculated. The method was applied to the simultaneous determination of trace Fe and Al in tap water, lake water, river water and tea leaves without separation and preconcentration.     

Highly selective, recyclable epoxidation of allylic alcohols with hydrogen peroxide in water catalyzed by dinuclear peroxotungstate

The highly chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselective and stereospecific epoxidation of various allylic alcohols with only one equivalent of hydrogen peroxide in water can be efficiently catalyzed by the dinuclear peroxotungstate, K2[[W(=O)(O2)2(H2O)]2(mu-O)].2H2O (I). The catalyst is easily recycled while maintaining its catalytic performance. The catalytic reaction mechanism including the exchange of the water ligand to form the tungsten-alcoholate species followed by the insertion of oxygen to the carbon-carbon double bond, and the regeneration of the dinuclear peroxotungstate with hydrogen peroxide is proposed. The reaction rate shows first-order dependence on the concentrations of allylic alcohol and dinuclear peroxotungstate and zero-order dependence on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. These results, the kinetic data, the comparison of the catalytic rates with those for the stoichiometric reactions, and kinetic isotope effects indicate that the oxygen transfer from a dinuclear peroxotungstate to the double bond is the rate-limiting step for terminal allylic alcohols such as 2-propen-1-ol (1a).     

Catalytic Activity of 3d-Metal Coordination Compounds with Diphenylthiocarbazide

The catalytic activity of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) diphenylthiocarbazide complexes in decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was studied. The activation energies of this reaction were correlated with the strength of ligand bonding to the metal atom in the catalyst molecule.     

Clean and selective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by Sn-palygorskite

An environmentally benign and selective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation system is introduced. Palygorskite-supported Sn complexes were prepared by a simple procedure. Cyclic ketones and acyclic ketones were oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in a reaction catalyzed by palygorskite-supported Sn complexes, affording corresponding lactones or esters with selectivity for the product of 90-99%. The influence of the solvents, reaction temperature, the amount of catalyst used and the reaction time on the catalytic activity and product selectivity were investigated in detail. The catalyst is cheap, easy to be prepared in large scale and can be recycled.     

Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition in Aqueous Alkali Suspensions of Fe(III) Oxide: The Nature of the Active Component

The nature of the catalytically active components is studied in the steady-state decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in alkali media in the presence of an Fe₂O₃ suspension at 25°C in an intensively shaken reactor. It was found that a hydroxide colloid formed by the mechanical abrasion of the solid catalyst in an aqueous solution shows noticeable catalytic activity together with the initial solid-phase catalyst. As a result, the rate of the catalytic reaction becomes nonlinear with respect to the overall catalyst concentration.