交联方法对交联聚乙烯结晶行为的影响

研究了硅烷交联聚乙烯和过氧化物交联聚乙烯由于结晶和交联的顺序不同而造成的结晶行为的差异，交联密度相同时，过氧化物交联聚乙烯的结晶度和熔点明显低于硅烷交联聚乙烯，交联聚烯非等温结晶动力学表明：交联前后聚乙烯的Ａｖｒａｍｉ指数ｎ基本不变，交联后，半结晶期ｔ１／２延长、结晶速率常数ＺＣ下降，其中过氧化物交联聚乙烯的变化幅度大于硅烷交联聚乙烯。     

可生物降解交联聚合物的研究进展

交联聚合物具有稳定的三维网络结构,可以提高药物缓释载体的尺寸稳定性。本文综述了可生物降解交联聚合物的研究进展,主要介绍了可生物降解交联聚合物的制备方法,包括交联剂交联、辐照交联、光致交联以及过氧化物交联在制备可生物降解交联聚合物中的应用,详细介绍了交联剂的种类及结构对交联效果的影响、交联后聚合物性能的变化等。最后总结了可生物降解交联聚合物在组织工程支架、药物缓释材料、神经再生修复材料以及形状记忆材料等生物医用领域的应用。     

过氧化物引发交联聚ε-己内酯的研究

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,对聚ε-己内酯(PCL)进行交联,研究了过氧化物含量,交联温度和交联时间对交联反应的影响,较高的交联温度可以提高BPO引发交联反应的速率.采用DSC、WAXD和DMA等方法对交联后聚ε-己内酯的结晶行为、玻璃化转变、力学性能及其生物降解特性进行了研究.结果表明,交联PCL的结晶度下降,熔点降低,玻璃化转变温度降低,但结晶温度有所提高.交联PCL的断裂伸长率和杨氏模量均下降.但是仍具有完全的生物降解能力.     

交联低密度聚乙烯交联程度表征方法的研究

硅烷交联法和过氧化物交联法是聚乙烯交联改性的两种重要方法［１］,以往的文献上通常都以凝胶含量来表征这两种方法制备的交联产物的交联程度［２～６］,但是在实践中我们发现,凝胶含量基本相同的硅烷交联聚乙烯和过氧化物交联聚乙烯的性能存在着很大的差异,例如在７０℃的二甲苯中凝胶含量为６２％的过氧化物交联低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）的平衡溶胀比是相同凝胶含量的硅烷交联ＬＤＰＥ的４倍,１５０℃时凝胶含量为７０％的硅烷交联聚乙烯的热延伸率比相同凝胶含量的过氧化物交联聚乙烯小三倍,而且二者的结晶行为和结晶度也有很大的…     

AM/AMPS共聚物光化学改性

水溶性高分子AM/AMPS系由丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)组成.本文应用光化学方法对AM/AMPS共聚物进行改性,得到活性可聚合产物.应用这种方法,在高分子链上生成的过氧化物含量随UV光照时间有明显变化,照射5-10 min过氧化物含量最高.值得指出,较高的过氧化物生成量仅在采用二苯酮作为光敏剂和保持低温的条件下才能得到.这种活性改性AM/AMPS共聚物,可用光聚合或热聚合方法引发不同烯类单体共聚合,得到不同用途的接枝/交联共聚物产品.     

高分子辐射交联技术及研究进展

介绍了辐射交联反应的机理;讨论了影响辐射交联反应的因素及有关动力学问题;报道了辐射交联对高分子材料性能的影响及应用技术进展;比较了辐射交联与过氧化物交联的技术经济差异。     

含有锂皂土/聚多巴胺复合纳米微粒的再生丝蛋白水凝胶

在辣根过氧化物酶/过氧化氢酶促交联(化学交联)制备再生丝蛋白化学交联凝胶的过程中,通过引入锂皂土/聚多巴胺复合纳米材料作为第二组分,以调节反应并提高化学交联效率;再经乙醇熟化后,再生丝蛋白化学交联凝胶中可进一步形成物理网络,进而得到双交联凝胶.结果表明,第二组分的引入不仅能够提高再生丝蛋白化学交联水凝胶的力学性能,并有利于后续均匀物理交联网络的形成,致使最终所得双交联水凝胶具有更好的力学性能.同时,由此制备的双交联水凝胶传承了再生丝蛋白良好的生物相容性以及与交联结构密切相关的生物降解性,并具备了诱导干细胞成骨分化的能力,因而在软骨修复等领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

包合锰卟啉的环糊精聚合物作为过氧化物朊酶模型物的研究

制备了β－环糊精交联聚合物和四（４－三甲铵基苯基）卟啉锰的超分子包合物，并以此包合物作为过氧化物朊酶的模型物。     

硅烷气相接枝水解交联聚丙烯

硅烷气相接枝水解交联聚丙烯;聚丙烯;气相接枝;硅烷交联     

包合铁卟啉的环糊精聚合物作为过氧化物朊酶模型物的研究

将β-环糊精交联聚合物（β-CDP）包合铁卟啉（FeTPPS4）形成的固相超分子作为过氧化物朊酶的模拟物，考察影响超分子包合物形成的各种因素，研究了固相超分子催化苯酚一过氧化氢的反应机理，测定了固相超分子的稳定常数，探讨了各种底物对固相超分子酶的模拟物的影响．实现了过氧化氢对4-氨基安替比林一对氯苯酚的催化显色反应，并应用于过氧化氢的酶法分析．     

蒸馏沉淀聚合过程中交联度对单分散聚合物微球形成的影响书

以苯乙烯为单体、二乙烯基苯（DVB）为交联剂，过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂研究了蒸馏沉淀聚合法制备聚合物微球过程中交联单体二乙烯苯的用量对单分散聚合物微球成球的影响。结果表明，增加二乙烯基苯的比例，即提高交联度有利于形成单分散的聚合物微球。     

多官能团乙烯基单体原子转移自由基交联聚合机理

乙烯基单体;原子转移自由基交联聚合;聚合机理;交联网络     

Radiation-induced crosslinking of polyvinyltrimethylsilane in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and allyl methacrylate

Radiation-induced crosslinking of homogeneous glassy polyvinyltrimethylsilane was carried out either by the γ-irradiation of the polymeric films containing 3–20 wt% of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or by the radiation-induced grafting of allyl methacrylate from vapour phase onto films made of pure polymer. The dependence of grafting value on the absorbed γ-irradiation dose and film thickness was investigated. The modified films were analyzed for the sol/gel content and the dependence of gel fraction yield of crosslinked polymer on absorbed dose, concentration of the crosslinking agents and film thickness.The radiation-chemical yields of crosslinking and degradation as well as gelation doses were calculated. The permeability of oxygen and nitrogen through the crosslinked films was determined.     

化学交联聚氯乙烯树脂的合成和结构

研究了氯乙烯/交联单体悬浮共聚时,交联单体种类、浓度和聚合温度对化学交联聚氯乙烯树脂结构的影响.对于氯乙烯/邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯(VC/DAP)悬浮共聚体系,凝胶含量和凝胶交联密度随DAP起始浓度的增加而增大;DAP浓度相同时,凝胶含量和凝胶交联密度随聚合温度上升而下降;当凝胶含量较高时,分子链物理缠结对凝胶交联密度有较大贡献,凝胶交联密度随凝胶含量增加而快速上升.在相同交联单体浓度下,氯乙烯/马来酸二烯丙基酯(VC/DAM)共聚物的凝胶含量最大,VC/DAP共聚物次之,氯乙烯/乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(VC/EGDMA)共聚物最小,这是由于DAM单体的竞聚率小于1,且含有马来酸双键,EGDMA单体的竞聚率远大于1.     

Radiation preparation and swelling behavior of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a kind of degraded polymer under γ-irradiation. However, in this work, it has been found that CMC crosslinks partially to form hydrogel by radiation technique at more than 20% CMC aqueous solution. The gel fraction increases with the dose. The crosslinking reaction of CMC is promoted in the presence of N₂ or N₂O due to the increase of free radicals on CMC backbone, but gel fraction of CMC hydrogel is not high (<40%). Some important values related to this kind of new CMC hydrogel synthesized under different conditions, such as radiation yield of crosslinking G(x), gelation dose R_g, number average molecular weight of network M_c were calculated according to the Charlesby–Pinner equation. The results indicated that although crosslinked CMC hydrogel could be prepared by radiation method, the rate of radiation degradation of CMC was faster than that of radiation crosslinking due to the character of CMC itself. Swelling dynamics of CMC hydrogel and its swelling behavior at different conditions, such as acidic, basic, inorganic salt as well as temperature were also investigated. Strong acidity, strong basicity, small amount of inorganic salts and lower temperature can reduce swelling ratio.     

交联剂对无皂P(MMA-EA-MAA)种子聚合乳胶粒成孔的影响

采用完全无皂种子乳液聚合技术合成了粒径窄分布的P(MMA-EA-MAA)乳胶粒,通过对上述胶乳进行碱处理,制备出了具有空腔结构和多孔结构的聚合物乳胶粒,研究了交联剂的种类和用量对聚合过程、胶粒特性及胶粒结构形态的影响.结果表明,体系中加入交联剂后,单体转化率都有不同程度的提高;随交联剂用量的增加,乳胶粒粒径略有减小,交联剂用量较高时,乳胶粒粒径分布加宽;二乙烯基苯(DVB)的交联效率稍高于双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA);不加入交联剂及EGDMA用量低于0.5%时,处理后乳胶粒呈空腔结构,加入DVB及EGDMA用量高于1.0%时,处理后乳胶粒呈多孔结构,并且乳胶粒体积增量随交联剂用量的增加而减小.     

高交联大孔苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物的磺化反应

研究了高交联大孔苯乙烯－二乙烯本共聚物在有溶胀剂和无溶胀剂条件下,反应温度、 反应时间及共聚物合成时所用致孔剂对其磺化反应的影响．结果显示,当磺化反应在不同溶胀 剂介质中进行时,共聚物的交换容量随交联度变化可是现不同的关系．与低交联大孔共聚物（交 联度７％）比较,高文联大孔共聚物（交联度６０％）磺化反应速度更快,反应能在低得多的温度下 进行,同时溶胀介质对磺化产物的交换容量的影响变得很小．６０％交联的共聚物于３５Ｃ反应３ｈ, 可获得接近于表面磺化的产物．     

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ACRYLIC-BASED SUPERABSORBENTS WITH ENHANCED CROSSLINKING ON PARTICLE SURFACE

A series of acrylic-based superabsorbent resins were synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization, using potassium persulfate as the initiator, N, N＇-methylene bisacrylamide （BIS） and divinylbenzene （DVB） as the multiple crosslinking agents. The morphology of the resulting superabsorbent resins revealed by SEM demonstrated that a hard shell layer was indeed formed due to surface crosslinking. The swelling and deswelling properties, and the mechanical strength of superabsorbents were investigated. The results indicated that the adding time of DVB and the amount of DVB participated in the crosslinking show a significant influence on the properties of superabsorbents. When DVB was added in polymerization later, the amount of DVB participated in reaction decreases and the surface crosslinked shell becomes thinner. It is suitable for DVB to be introduced in the later stage of the polymerization process, because the absorption rate of resin is efficiently improved in conjunction with higher water absorption. Furthermore, it was found that the mechanical strength of swollen superabsorbent with surface crosslinking was indeed enhanced in comparison with that of the conventional one.     

Ultraviolet‐induced crosslinking of poly(butylene succinate) and its thermal property,dynamic mechanical property,and biodegradability

Crosslinking is an effective way to improve polymer properties. This paper focuses on ultraviolet‐induced crosslinking of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) in the presence of a photoinitiator and a crosslinking agent at ambient temperature. The effects of the concentration of photoinitiator, the crosslinking agent content, and the irradiation time on the crosslink behavior were investigated. To obtain an appropriate gel fraction in different irradiation times, 3.0 wt% of photoinitiator and 10.0 wt% of crosslinking agent were proved to be the optimum choice. Furthermore, properties such as thermal properties, dynamic mechanical property, and enzymatic degradation of PBS before and after crosslinking were examined. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that glass transition temperature (T_g) increased with increase in gel fraction, while melting temperature (T_m) and the degree of crystallinity decreased. This may be caused by the reduced molecular chain mobility and inhibited molecular motion for crystallization in crosslinked samples. The crosslinked polymer also showed improved thermal stability and dynamic mechanical property. In addition, the introduction of crosslinking retarded the enzymatic degradation rate of PBS, but it was still biodegradable. The improved properties of crosslinked PBS will extend the application of PBS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.