加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中的有机磷农药

采用加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中有机磷农药。土壤样品与无水硫酸钠混合后,再加适量中性氧化铝和活性碳,用丙酮-二氯甲烷在加速溶剂萃取仪土于10．3MPa、60℃条件下提取10min,用FPD检测器进行分析：土壤中7种有机磷农药的回收率为85．5％～102．7％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为5．7％～13．0％（n=6）,检出限为0．03～0．07μg/kg。该法具有良好的分离效果、较宽的线性关系和较高的灵敏度。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定芝麻中多种有机磷农药残留量

建立了芝麻中多种有机磷农药残留量的毛细管气相色谱的测定方法。样品以V(乙腈 )∶V(丙酮 ) =1 0∶1混合溶剂为提取剂 ,应用超声波辅助提取 ,固相吸附层析柱净化m(中性氧化铝 )∶m(弗罗里硅土 ) =1∶1 ,采用GC FPD法同时测定芝麻中的多种有机磷农药残留量。检出限为 0 .0 1 1～ 0 .0 1 7μg mL。方法的回收率为 82 .1 %～ 1 0 9.7%。     

超声波辅助萃取-气相色谱法同时测定蔬菜中5种有机磷农药残留

建立超声波辅助萃取-气相色谱法同时分离测定蔬菜中5种有机磷农药残留量的：弓．法。实验结果表明,采用超声波加速提取有机磷农药残留,样品提取效果好,干扰物少,检测快速;在DB-1701色谱柱中,供试的5种有机磷农药分离良好;以FPD为检测器,选择性较好。方法的检出限为0．004-0．01μg／mL,5种农药在2个添加水平下的回收率为78．9％-105．9％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．6％-7．6％（n=6）。该方法具有测定有机磷农药种类多、快速等优点,能满足农药多残留分析的要求。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中的有机磷农药残留

采用加速溶剂萃取法测定土壤中有机磷农药残留物。土壤样品与无水硫酸钠(1：2m/m)混合后,再加适量中性氧化铝和活性碳,用丙酮、甲醇(1：1,V/V)在加速溶剂萃取仪上以10．3Mpa、60℃提取10min,对土壤中10种有机磷农药的回收率在80．4％-113．7％之间。该法用于土壤中的有机磷农药残留测定,速度快,检出限为0．01—0．06μg/kg。     

土壤中多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药的GC-ECD测定

气相色谱法同时测定土壤中多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药。对土壤的分析结果：有机氯农药的检出限0．001～0、003μg／mL，拟除虫菊酯类农药检出限0.008～0．02μg／mL，线性相关系数0．9978～0．9999。用y（石油醚）：V（丙酮）=3：1超声波提取，有机氯农药回收率94．2％～124．0％，相对标准偏差为3．3％～8．8％（n=5）；拟除虫菊酯类农药回收率95．2％～118．3％，相对标准偏差为5．7％～7．1％（n=5）；方法适用于土壤样品中农药残留测定。     

微波萃取-气相色谱法同时测定水果、蔬菜中7种有机磷农药残留

建立微波萃取-气相色谱法同时分离测定水果、蔬菜中7种有机磷农药残留量的方法。采用微波加速反应系统提取农药残留,不需要净化过程,FPD为检测器,样品提取效果好,干扰物少,检测快速。方法的检出限为0.004-0.01μg／mL,回收率为86、4％-107．5％,相对标准偏差为2．6％-7．0％（n=6）。     

生鲜牛乳中农药多残留分析方法研究

本文报道生鲜牛乳中不同类型农药的多残留同时快速检测方法。样品经乙腈、丙酮(1：1,V／V)混合溶剂提取,离心,C18固相萃取柱纯化、富集,采用毛细管气相色谱法,电子捕获检测器检测,进行定性、定量检测有机氯、有机磷和拟除虫菊酯等14种农药的残留量。本法的加标回收率为78．5％～104．6％(敌敌畏为63．2％);检出限为0．5～14．0μg／L;线性相关系数,r^2≥0．9922。     

血浆中有机磷农药的固相萃取－气相色谱法测定

建立了固相萃取、 GC－ FPD（火焰光度检测器）测定血浆中有机磷农药含量的方法。血样经固相萃取, GC－ FPD分析,杂质干扰少,血中有机磷农药提取回收率在 74％以上, RSD在 7.8％～ 20％。检出限：敌敌畏、乐果为 10 μ g /L;甲拌磷、对硫磷为 5 μ g/L 。经实际中毒病人样品分析,证明该法操作简便、准确可靠,灵敏度高。     

加压溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定养麦中残留的有机氯农药

用所研制的24位全自动加压溶剂萃取仪（APLE）,以丙酮-正己烷（体积比为1：1）为溶剂,在100℃和10MPa条件下,对荞麦样品中残留的7种有机氯农药进行了萃取,并通过气相色谱对萃取液进行定量分析。萃取的绝对回收率为68％～126％．相对标准偏差为1．2％～14．7％,检测下限为0．051～0．18ng／g。与索氏提取法对比,相对提取回收率为116％～148％,表明萃取收率高于索氏提取法。     

茶叶中有机磷农药残留量的GC-MS测定

利用GC-MS在选择离子模式下对茶叶中几种有机磷农药进行定性和定量分析，在提取过程中，省去过柱操作步骤，缩短了操作时间。结果表明，5种有机磷农药的添加质量浓度为1．0mg／kg时，回收率均在86．5％～101．5％，RSD在4．8％～9．0％之间，方法的检出限在0．0047～0．023mg／kg，符合农药残留量检测要求。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.