单茂钛/甲基铝氧烷催化剂乙烯/丙烯共聚合研究

改性甲基铝氧烷(mMAO)激活五甲基茂基三氯化钛(Cp TiCl3)催化乙烯 丙烯共聚合,控制两种单体的进料配比,得到单元序列分布不同的共聚物.混合单体中含有少量丙烯,共聚合活性高于相同聚合条件下乙烯均聚合的活性.用1 3C -NMR测定共聚物分子链的微观结构和单元序列分布,计算出单体的竞聚率;结果表明共聚物分子链中两种单体的序列分布均匀.混合单体中丙烯含量较大时,共聚物为完全无规共聚物;而当丙烯含量少时,丙烯链节或短的聚丙烯链段均匀分布于聚乙烯链段之间.共聚物经DSC分析,也证明不存在长序列的聚乙烯链段;因此,即便在进料气体中丙烯含量很少的情况下,共聚物仍然没有明显的熔融温度和结晶性.     

非茂钯催化剂催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合的研究

本文探索了乙烯/丙烯/极性单体三元共聚物的合成方法.乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚物由于分子中引入了ω-Cl-α-乙烯基极性单体,改变了乙烯丙烯共聚物的化学惰性.我们采用催化剂Cat.L-Pd配位催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合,合成了极性三元无规共聚物.探讨了催化剂结构、聚合条件对三元共聚合行为的影响,并优化了聚合条件.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振碳谱(氢谱)(~(13)C(~1H)NMR)、示差扫描量热(DSC)和高温凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等方法研究了共聚物的结构与性能.FTIR与~(13)C(~1H)NMR结果表明,催化剂Cat.L-Pd能够有效催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合,共聚物中ω-氯代极性单体的插入量达3.6 mol%.极性单体不发生均聚合反应,但能够有效参与乙烯和丙烯的共聚合反应,形成三元无规共聚物.丙烯能够发生均聚合反应,但是不能形成聚丙烯长链段,主要发生乙烯与丙烯共聚合反应.乙烯最易发生聚合反应,并能够形成较长链段的聚乙烯.共聚物的Mw高于2×10~5g/mol.分子量分布在1.6～3.0,说明该类催化剂催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合行为遵循单中心聚合机理.     

单茂钛/MAO体系催化乙烯/丙烯共聚合研究Ⅰ.乙烯/丙烯共聚物的合成及聚合反应规律研究

采用合成的催化剂五甲基环戊二烯基三烯丙氧基钛 [Cp Ti(OAllyl) 3]与改性甲基铝氧烷 (mMAO)组成新型催化体系进行乙烯 /丙烯共聚合 ,考察了助催化剂 (mMAO)中TMA含量、气体配比、聚合温度、助催化剂和主催化剂浓度等因素对共聚合活性及产物分子量的影响 ,研究其变化规律 .结果表明 ,Cp Ti(OAllyl) 3/mMAO催化体系中钛的价态分布为Ti(Ⅳ )时对共聚合更为有利 ,制得了乙烯 /丙烯无规共聚物弹性体     

以丙烯为主体的二元及三元共聚研究──丙烯与乙烯和丁烯－1的共聚合

研究了ＭｇＣｌ２载体高效催化剂用于丙烯为主体的与乙烯和丁烯－１的二元及三元共聚合反应：选择了最佳的共聚合条件；实验测定了共聚单体配比对共聚合活性、共聚物分子量和物理性能的影响；并用１３Ｃ—ＮＭＲ分析了共聚物组成、序列分布和支链结构等微观结构信息．     

以丙烯为主体的二元及三元共聚研究——丙烯与乙烯和丁烯—1的共聚合

研究了ＭｇＣｌ２载体高效催化剂用于丙烯为主体的与乙烯和丁烯－１的二元及三元共聚合反应：选择最佳了共聚合条件；实验测定了共聚单体配比对共聚合活性，共聚物分子量和物理性能的影响；并用＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ分析了共聚物组成、序列分布和支链结构等微观结构信息。     

单茂钛/MAO体系催化乙烯/丙烯共聚合研究Ⅲ.乙烯/丙烯共聚物的表征与结构分析

采用合成的催化剂五甲基环戊二烯基三烯丙氧基钛 [Cp Ti(OAllyl) 3]与改性甲基铝氧烷 (mMAO)组成催化体系制备乙烯 /丙烯共聚物 .红外分析显示 ,乙醚可溶和己烷可溶两个级分的化学结构几乎相同 .GPC测试结果表明共聚物分子量高 ,分子量分布窄 .X 射线衍射分析 ,大多数样品的图谱为宽的弥散峰 ,表明它们是无规共聚物 ;只有当乙烯含量很高时 ,样品的谱图才有较为尖锐的结晶峰 ,结晶度不高 .经热分析(DSC、TG) ,大多数样品没有出现明显的熔点 ,只有当乙烯含量很高时才显示出熔点 ;共聚物的热稳定性较高 .DMA分析表明 ,共聚物样品中乙烯含量多的 ,其储能模量 (E′)大一些 ;共聚物的玻璃化转变温度随着丙烯链节的增多而升高 .     

短链支化聚乙烯的合成与表征

合成了两类结构明确的乙烯共聚物, 通过FTIR, GPC, ¹H NMR和¹³C NMR表征了产物的分子结构, 分别研究了分子量和短链支化含量对两类共聚物结晶性能的影响. 采用阴离子聚合制备分子量(M_w)20000~110000、分子量分布为1.1的1,2-结构摩尔分数为7%左右的聚丁二烯. 加氢反应后得到乙烯/1-丁烯模型共聚物的熔点和结晶度随着分子量的增加而下降. 采用茂金属催化剂Et[Ind]₂ZrCl₂催化乙烯与1-己烯共聚合, 制备分子量为100000左右, 共聚单体摩尔分数为0~5.5%的乙烯/1-己烯共聚物, DSC结果表明其熔点和结晶度随着共聚物中1-己烯含量的升高而降低.     

助催化剂对N催化剂催化乙烯-苯乙烯共聚反应的影响

研究了N催化剂分别与助催化剂AlEt3和Et2 AlOAlEt2 结合 ,在给电子体二苯基二甲氧基硅烷 (DDS)存在下 ,催化乙烯和苯乙烯共聚合反应 ,考察了Al Ti摩尔比对共聚反应的影响 .共聚产物经过丁酮 (MEK)和四氢呋喃 (THF)连续抽提 ,表明共聚产物包括无规聚苯乙烯 ,乙烯 苯乙烯共聚物和乙烯均聚物 .乙烯 苯乙烯共聚物分别用1 3C NMR、DSC和GPC进行表征 ,结果表明 ,助催化剂不仅对N催化剂的聚合活性有影响 ,而且对共聚产物中各级份的重量比例也有显著影响 ;特别是对乙烯 苯乙烯共聚物中苯乙烯的含量、熔点 (Tm)和玻璃化转变温度 (Tg)有明显的影响 .     

TiCl_4/MgCl_2催化丙烯/1-辛烯共聚合研究

本文用TiCl_4/MgCl_2-Al(i-Bu)_3催化剂进行丙烯/1-辛烯共聚合,研究发现引入少量共聚单体1-辛烯时,能提高丙烯的聚合活性。30℃时,测得共聚合竟聚率为r_丙=5.63,r_辛=0.32。共聚物的结晶度和己烷不溶物含量随其1-辛烯含量的增加而迅速下降。X射线衍射及~(13)C-NMR测定结果表明,共聚物的己烷可溶部分为非结晶的无规共聚物,己烷不溶部分是具有镶嵌着半个1-辛烯单体单元的长嵌段聚丙烯链结构的结晶性共聚物。     

单茂钛／MAO体系催化乙烯／丙烯共聚合研究：Ⅰ.乙烯／丙烯共聚物的合成及聚合

采用合成的催化剂五甲基环戊二烯基三烯丙氧基钛「Ｃｐ＾＊Ｔｉ（ＯＡｌｌｙｌ）３」与改性甲基铝氧烷（ｍＭＡＯ）组成新型催化体系进行了乙烯／丙烯共聚合,考察了助催化剂（ｍＭＡＯ）中ＴＭＡ含量、气体配比、聚合温度、助催化剂和主催化剂浓度等因素对共聚合活性及产物分子量的影响,研究了其变化规律。结果表明,Ｃｐ＾Ｔｉ（ＯＡｌｌｙｌ）３／ｍＭＡＯ催化体系中钛的价态分布为Ｔｉ（Ⅳ）时对共聚合更为有利,制得了乙烯／丙烯无规共聚物弹性体。     

Copolymerization of ethylene and propylene catalyzed by magnesium chloride supported vanadium/titanium bimetallic Ziegler-Natta catalysts

Magnesium chloride supported vanadium/titanium bimetallic Ziegler-Natta catalysts with di-i-butyl phthalate as internal donor for copolymerization of ethylene and propylene were prepared.The effects of reaction temperature, ethylene/propylene molar ratio,aluminium/vanadium（Al/V）molar ratio and titanium/vanadium molar ratio on the catalytic activity were investigated.The molecular weight,molecular weight distribution,sequence composition and crystallinity of the products were measured by gel permeation chromatography,¹³C-NMR and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, respectively.In comparison to the vanadium and titanium catalysts,the bimetallic catalyst showed higher catalytic activity and better copolymerization performance.The obtained ethylene/propylene copolymers have high molecular weight （10⁵）,broad molecular weight distribution,high propylene content with random or short blocked sequence structures （r_Er_P=1.919）,low melting temperatures and low crystallinities（X_c<20%）.     

新型茂钛催化剂合成聚乙烯-b-间规聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的研究Ⅰ.嵌段共聚合反应

以五甲基茂基三苄氧基钛 [Cp Ti(OBz) 3]为主催化剂、改性甲基铝氧烷 (mMAO)为助催化剂 ,进行乙烯与苯乙烯的嵌段共聚合反应 .讨论了乙烯预聚温度、预聚时间、主催化剂的浓度、Al(mMAO) Ti摩尔比、苯乙烯的浓度以及外加三异丁基铝 (TIBA)等条件对共聚反应的影响 .发现适宜的共聚反应条件为 ,预聚温度为40℃ ;主催化剂的浓度为 6 6 7× 10 - 4 mol L ;铝钛摩尔比为 2 0 0 .共聚反应的催化效率随预聚时间的延长而降低 ;嵌段共聚物中苯乙烯链节含量随苯乙烯的浓度的增加而增加 ;外加TIBA对嵌段共聚物的形成及催化效率的提高起关键性作用     

载体化Et(Ind)2ZrCl2催化乙烯-苯乙烯共聚

用均相亚乙基二(1-茚基)二氯化锆(Et(Ind)₂ZrCl₂)催化乙烯和苯乙烯共聚时,所得共聚物中苯乙烯链节含量和聚合活性不能同时满足聚乙烯功能化的要求^[1,2].因此我们用SiO₂对Et(Ind)₂ZrCl₂进行载体化.     

Alternating copolymerization of ethylene with maleic anhydride

The copolymerization of ethylene with maleic anhydride was carried out with γ-radiation and a radical initiator, i.e., 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate under pressure at various reaction conditions. The homopolymerization of neither monomer was observed in this system. In the γ-ray-initiated copolymerization the G value (polymerized monomer molecules per 100 e.v.) was shown to be between 10³ and 10⁴. It was found that the dose rate exponent of the rate is approximately unity, and the rate is proportional to the amount of ethylene monomer. Apparent activation energies of 1.8 and 27.5 kcal./mole were obtained for γ-ray-initiated and AIBN-initiated copolymerization, respectively. Since the composition of copolymer is independent of monomer molar ratio and the molar ratio of ethylene to maleic anhydride in the polymer is approximately unity, the monomer reactivity ratios were obtained as r_E ? 0 and r_M ? 0 for γ-ray-initiated polymerization at 40°C. Alternating copolymerization was, therefore, concluded to occur. Infrared analysis of the copolymer is almost consistent with this. The copolymer in the solid state is amorphous. It is soluble in water, cyclohexane, and dimethylformamide and insoluble in lower alcohols, ether, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The aqueous solution of polymer gave a strong acid.     

丙烯/1-丁烯和丙烯/乙烯无规共聚物的表征及性能研究

采用摩尔含量接近的两个单体乙烯和1-丁烯分别无规共聚聚丙烯样品,用三氯苯进行室温可溶物和不溶物的分离,采用凝胶渗透色谱、13C核磁共振波谱及热分析等方法对两种共聚聚合物及其分离物进行表征,探讨了乙烯和1-丁烯作为共聚单体对聚丙烯树脂结构和性能的影响.结果表明,与乙烯相比,1-丁烯更趋向于共聚在较长的聚丙烯分子链上,其结果导致丙烯/1-丁烯无规共聚聚丙烯的可溶物含量更低.同时,对两种无规共聚物结晶性能的差异以及对光学性能和动态力学性能的影响研究表明,如果共聚单体含量接近,丙烯/1-丁烯无规共聚物结晶度更高;透明制品雾度相同时,丙烯/1-丁烯无规共聚物的刚性更高.     

Kinetics and mechanism of metallocene‐catalyzed olefin polymerization: Comparison of ethylene,propylene homopolymerizations,and their copolymerization

A series of ethylene, propylene homopolymerizations, and ethylene/propylene copolymerization catalyzed with rac‐Et(Ind)₂ZrCl₂/modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) were conducted under the same conditions for different duration ranging from 2.5 to 30 min, and quenched with 2‐thiophenecarbonyl chloride to label a 2‐thiophenecarbonyl on each propagation chain end. The change of active center ratio ([C^*]/[Zr]) with polymerization time in each polymerization system was determined. Changes of polymerization rate, molecular weight, isotacticity (for propylene homopolymerization) and copolymer composition with time were also studied. [C^*]/[Zr] strongly depended on type of monomer, with the propylene homopolymerization system presented much lower [C^*]/[Zr] (ca. 25%) than the ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene–propylene copolymerization systems. In the copolymerization system, [C^*]/[Zr] increased continuously in the reaction process until a maximum value of 98.7% was reached, which was much higher than the maximum [C^*]/[Zr] of ethylene homopolymerization (ca. 70%). The chain propagation rate constant (k_p) of propylene polymerization is very close to that of ethylene polymerization, but the propylene insertion rate constant is much smaller than the ethylene insertion rate constant in the copolymerization system, meaning that the active centers in the homopolymerization system are different from those in the copolymerization system. Ethylene insertion rate constant in the copolymerization system was much higher than that in the ethylene homopolymerization in the first 10 min of reaction. A mechanistic model was proposed to explain the observed activation of ethylene polymerization by propylene addition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 867–875     

新型五甲基茂基三苄氧基钛/甲基铝氧烷催化剂合成苯乙烯-乙烯共聚物及其表征

以五甲基茂基三苄氧基钛［Ｃｐ＊ Ｔｉ（ＯＢｚ）３］ 和甲基铝氧烷（ ＭＡＯ） 组成的催化体用本体法合成出苯乙烯 乙烯共聚物Ｐｏｌｙ（Ｓ ｃｏ Ｅ） ．考察了共聚温度,共聚时间,Ａｌ／Ｔｉ 摩尔比,主催化剂浓度［Ｔｉ］ 等条件对共聚反应的影响．共聚产物经沸丁酮,沸四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ） 连续抽提分离,发现共聚物主要存在于ＴＨＦ 可溶级分中．可溶级分经ＤＳＣ,１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ,ＷＡＸＤ,ＤＭＡ 等手段分析,证明苯乙烯 乙烯共聚物为具有单一玻璃化转变温度（ Ｔｇ） 无熔融温度的无规共聚物,显示弹性体的粘弹性行为．     

Towards microphase separation in epoxy systems containing PEO/PPO/PEO block copolymers by controlling cure conditions and molar ratios between blocks. Part 2. Structural characterization

The influence of addition of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO) copolymers on final morphologies of modified epoxy matrices has been investigated as a function of PEO:PPO molar ratio and cure conditions by comparison with the cured epoxy blends only containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) homopolymers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to characterize structural features of blends. Whilst diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)/4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM)/PPO system macrophase separates, the interactions between PEO and cured epoxy are responsible for miscibility of DGEBA/DDM/PEO system. Depending on PEO:PPO molar ratio, micro- or macrophase separated morphologies have been obtained for block copolymer modified epoxy matrices. Moreover, the influence of both copolymer content and cure temperature on final morphologies has also been investigated by both experimental and theoretical analysis.     

Olefin copolymerization with metallocene catalysts. I. Comparison of catalysts

A number of metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts have been compared for ethylene/propylene copolymerizations to find relationship between the polymerization activities, copolymer structures, and copolymerization reactivity ratio with the catalyst structures. Stereorigid racemic ethylene bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride and the tetrahydro derivative exhibit very high activity of 10 ⁷ g (mol Zr h bar)^?1, giving copolymers having comonomer compositions about the same as the feed compositions, molecular weights increasing with the increase of ethylene in the feed, random incorporation of comonomers, and narrow molecular weight distribution indicative of a single catalytic species. Nonbridged bis (indenyl) zirconium behaved differently, favoring the incorporation of ethylene over propylene, producing copolymers whose molecular weight decreases with the increase of ethylene in the feed, broad molecular weight distribution, and a methanol soluble fraction. This catalyst system contains two or more active species. Simple methallocene catalysts have much lower polymerization activities. C_pTiCl₂/MAO produced copolymers with tendency toward alternation, whereas Cp₂HfCl₂/MAO gave copolymer containing short blocks of monomers.