凝聚相中振动能量弛豫的理论研究

凝聚相中的振动能量弛豫是化学、物理学和生物学中一个非常重要的动力学过程.近年来, 许多实验和理论方法业已建立并用来探索它的微观机理.本文简要介绍一些常用理论方法及其应用,并对将来的发展方向作一展望.     

高效、稳定Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点发光二极管(LED)的研究进展

量子点通常具有核-壳型的基本结构,它的发光效率及色纯度高。因具有优异的性能和可控合成的优点,Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点在发光二极管(light-emitting diode, LED)中的应用研究最为丰富。为了制备高效、稳定的量子点LED,量子点的结构、器件结构和载流子传输层都需要进行设计和优化。如今,量子点LED的效率已接近Organic LED(OLED),但它的发展仍存在挑战。     

高效、稳定Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点发光二极管(LED)的研究进展

量子点具有核-壳型的基本结构,它的发光效率及色纯度高。因具有优异的性能和可控合成的优点,Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点在发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)中的应用研究最为丰富。为了制备高效、稳定的量子点LED,量子点的结构、器件结构和载流子传输层都需要进行设计和优化。如今,量子点LED的效率已接近OLED,但它的发展仍存在挑战。     

量子点的制备及应用研究进展

综述了量子点的制备方法以及在分析检测、生物、药学、光电器材、指纹显现等领域的应用.指出量子点是一种新型的荧光纳米材料,因其具有独特的光电性质而引起了广泛的关注;并就它的发展方向及应用前景进行了展望.     

4,5-二苯基噁唑的荧光性能研究

荧光是物质从激发态失活到多重性相同的低能状态时所释放的辐射.自二十世纪初以来,有机荧光材料广泛用于纺织、塑料着色及印刷颜料,此外它在药物学、生物学、环境科学、信息科学方面都有广阔的应用前景.     

荧光量子点的制备及分析应用

综述了近年来量子点的制备方法、功能化修饰以及它在化学和生物分析中应用的研究进展,并对其前景作了简要展望(引用文献59篇)。     

一氧化氮供体纳米复合物的合成与性质研究

一氧化氮供体纳米复合物由谷胱甘肽(GSH)包覆的Mn掺杂的Zn Se量子点和一氧化氮(NO)光敏供体复合而成.它通过双光子激发诱导RBS分解释放NO可以实现NO的可控释放.本方法顺利实现了静电自组装,合成的纳米复合材料作为智能药物载体具有很大的开发潜力.该量子点纳米复合材料对NO释放采用双光子激发的可控释放,释放的一氧化氮表现出显著的癌症细胞杀伤活性.     

电穿孔法在量子点标记细胞中的应用

量子点是一种新兴的荧光标记物,它具有发射峰窄而对称且重叠小、发射波长可调、无光褪色现象以及生物相容性好等优点。可进行生物活体及细胞的标记和检测,用量子点标记细胞的方法目前已有较多报道,其中以利用细胞内吞作用的居多,但这些方法需要在量子点上连接具有穿膜功能的生物试剂,而这又可能导致量子点的聚集以及荧光强度的下降乃至消失,     

新型低毒AgInS2量子点的制备和表征以及对肿瘤细胞的成像

在水相中快速合成AgInS2( AIS)量子点,并对其紫外-可见吸收光谱及荧光发射光谱进行了表征,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪分析了其元素组成,采用高分辨透射电镜观察其形貌与分布,并验证了它相对于传统的CdTe量子点在光稳定性和细胞毒性方面的优势。在AgInS2表面连接了叶酸实现了对肿瘤细胞的靶向成像。     

CdX(X=Se,Te,Te/ZnS)量子点脂质体的制备及毒性比较

在水相中以巯基乙酸(mercaptoacetic acid, MA)为稳定剂合成了CdSe、CdTe、CdTe/ZnS量子点及谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)为稳定剂合成了CdTe量子点,然后通过卵磷脂和胆固醇修饰制得相应的量子点脂质体。溶血实验证实GSH修饰量子点的溶血率低于MA修饰的量子点45%;脂质体修饰后,量子点的溶血率＜5%,达到生物医用材料要求。不同表面修饰的量子点对小鼠毒性存在明显差异,荧光显微镜观察组织切片证实量子点在小鼠体内主要分布在肺、肾、胸腺等组织中,而脂质体量子点在脑组     

水溶性CdSe/CdS纳米晶合成条件的优化研究

以巯基乙醇为修饰剂,在水溶液中合成了稳定的CdSe/CdS纳米晶,应用单因素法和多目标单纯形法探索合成条件。通过透射电镜观察所合成的纳米晶的形貌和大小,用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对其光学特性进行了表征。并且以L-色氨酸荧光量子产率0.14为标准,测量了合成的CdSe/CdS纳米晶的荧光量子产率为0.37。     

量子化尺寸纳米颗粒及其在生物体系中的作用

本文从胶体化学与物理化学的角度介绍了纳米颗粒的尺寸量子化效应。介绍了作者所进行的纳米颗粒在生物体系中的应用工作。纳米颗粒金和二氧化硅能显著地提高葡萄糖氧化酶的生物活性。纳米颗粒金能提高视黄醛仿生膜的光电响应电流和寿命。作者用纳米颗粒的吸附浓集效应、吸附定向效应、和量子尺寸效应来解释这些效应     

荧光碳点探针的合成、性质及其在生物成像中的应用

荧光碳点探针是近几年来发展起来的一种新型荧光探针，具有传统有机染料、荧光染色蛋白及一般荧光纳米材料无法比拟的独特优势，如具有良好的水溶性、化学惰性、低毒性、易于功能化、抗光漂白性、可调谐和生物相容性等优异性能，因而引起研究者的广泛关注。目前已发展水热法等近十种较为经济便捷的方法，可进行大规模的荧光碳点制备，在细胞功能研究及细胞表面和内部功能分子的探测、组织的成像、病菌的定位等方面得到了较为广泛的应用。笔者对近年来荧光碳点的合成方法、依赖于碳点尺寸和波长等性质的发光性能，以及荧光碳点在生物成像等方面的应用作一简要综述，并对其在药用植物病理方面的应用提出展望，期望为丰富荧光碳点在生物成像领域的应用提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

Triplet-triplet Annihilation Dynamics of Naphthalene

Triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is a spin-allowed conversion of two triplet states into one singlet excited state, which provides an efficient route to generate a photon of higher frequency than the incident light. Multiple energy transfer steps between absorbing (sensitizer) and emitting (annihilator) molecular species are involved in the TTA based photon upconversion process. TTA compounds have recently been studied for solar energy applications, even though the maximum upconversion efficiency of 50 % is yet to be achieved. With the aid of quantum calculations and based on a few key requirements, several design principles have been established to develop the well-functioning annihilators. However, a complete molecular level understanding of triplet fusion dynamics is still missing. In this work, we have employed multi-reference electronic structure methods along with quantum dynamics to obtain a detailed and fundamental understanding of TTA mechanism in naphthalene. Our results suggest that the TTA process in naphthalene is mediated by conical intersections. In addition, we have explored the triplet fusion dynamics under the influence of strong light-matter coupling and found an increase of the TTA based upconversion efficiency.     

Quantum interference effects in the Br2 electronic predissociation: Dependence upon the molecular properties

The occurrence of quantum interference in the Br₂ electronic predissociation has been observed for the first time. It is also shown that the quantum interference effects are strongly dependent upon the representation of the molecular properties, such as the kinetic coupling and the transition dipole moment. The fast Fourier transform method implemented within the wave packet formalism was used to simulate the time evolution of the molecular system under the influence of single monochromatic ultrashort laser pulses. The quantum interference has been inferred from the oscillatory behavior of the autocorrelation functions, which have also been used to calculate the cross-sections, the branching ratios, and the selectivity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004     

Electrochemical formation of quantum-conductance Cu-metal nanobridges

The electrodeposition of copper with formation of narrow nanobridge contacts was investigated. Stable quantum nanobridges (QNB) with ballistic conductance have been obtained by pulsed Cu deposition/electroetching on Cr interdigitated microelectrodes nanolithographed on a quartz wafer. The minimum quantum conductance associated with monatomic-wide constriction in the nanobridge was observed. Stepped differential conductance G = ng ₀ (where g ₀ is the minimum quantum conductance and n = 1, 2, 3, ...) was generally observed although fractional multiples of g_o were also found, likely due to the deviations of the nanowire junction geometry from linear configuration and reflection losses. In the layer-by-layer Cu deposition/etching technique employed for junction formation, the current amplification associated with interdigitated electrode pattern was utilized, which allowed us for easy electrochemical control with no need for special instrumentation. Quantum mechanical calculations of the electronic structure of Cu-QNB have been carried out using small-cluster approach with configuration 14-m-14, where m denotes the number of Cu atoms in the monatomic-wide bridge, and the base electrodes are simulated by clusters with 14 Cu atoms each. The calculations performed for m = 1 to 4, indicate that corrugations of electron density along the conductance channel virtually disappear for m = 3, whereas for even number of Cu atoms in the bridge, a distinct, very narrow constriction is formed in the center of the bridge. These results corroborate earlier findings for alkali metals, for which considerable differences between odd and even number of atoms in a monatomic-wide conductance channel have been reported. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 716–729. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Structure of CdS/SiO2 Nanocomposites: Influence of the Precursor and Cd Concentration

The influence of using TMOS or TEOS in the formation of CdS quantum dots in a silica matrix have been studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The amount of Cd-S bonds have been monitored as a function of the nominal Cd concentration. The relative amount of CdS crystals depends on the precursor. The use of TEOS is not recommended because it gives a poor yield, especially for high Cd concentration. A discussion of the influence of CdS concentration in matrices from TMOS is carried out from structural models created from their pore volume distribution. The mean pore size becomes smaller and the size distribution more uniform when CdS concentration increases but the nanocrystals of low CdS nominal content present a more efficient quantum confinement.     

Progress in the toxicological researches for quantum dots

Quantum dots (QDs) have received more and more attention as a novel example of nanomaterials. Due to their unique fluorescent characteristics,quantum dots have been successfully applied in biotech-nology and medicine applications. Recently,the toxicity and the potential environmental effects of QDs have become a research hotspot. In this paper,toxicological effects of QDs are reviewed,and the prospects and research directions are given based on the analysis of this research field.