毛细管气相色谱法检测水性涂料中三种乙二醇醚

建立了用毛细管柱气相色谱法测定水性涂料中三种乙二醇醚(乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚)的方法。涂料用乙醇和石油醚(3+1)混合溶剂超声提取,经高速冷冻离心,上层清液用无水硫酸钠脱水,经过0．45μm滤膜过滤后进行气相色谱分析。用保留时间定性,外标法定量。回收率在84．3%-110．8％范围,RSD为0．40％～2．32％,检出限为2．5μg·g-1。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定富含淀粉食品中丙烯酰胺

以甲基阿烯酰胺作为内标物，用高效液相色谱／串联质谱（HPLC／MS／MS）法测定食品中的丙烯酰胺。均质后的食品样品，加入正己烷经液-液分配去除脂肪，用蒸馏水提取丙烯酰胺，Carrez试剂净化提取样品，净化液经离心后过0．45μm微孔滤膜，采用HPLC／MS／MS电喷雾电离（ESI），阳离子，多反应监测（MRM）模式检测，外标法定量。方法的线性范围为2～500μg／L，线性相关系数为0．9997，检出限为2μg／kg；高中低3个水平的加标回收率分别为99．4％、99．6％和98．4％；相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于7．8％。     

毛细管电泳在线化学发光分离及检测铬（Ⅲ）与钒（Ⅴ）

基于在碱性介质中 Cr( )和 V( )对鲁米诺和过氧化氢的催化化学发光反应 ,研究了毛细管电泳在线化学发光分离和检测 Cr( )和 V( )。方法简便、快速、灵敏、进样量少。 Cr( )和 V( )的检出限分别为 7.8× 1 0 - 8mol/L和 5.0× 1 0 - 6mol/L ,线性范围分别是 32～ 80 ng/m L和 0 .55～ 3.0μg/m L     

膜富集吸光光度法测定痕量铜

将痕量成分富集在特定的滤膜上 ,再选用合适的溶剂 ,溶解后测定的方法称为滤膜溶解方法[1 ] 。本文以 PAN为显色剂 ,以 2 5mm的 WX型混合纤维作富集的滤膜 (孔径为 0 .65μm)。研究表明 ,在硼砂-盐酸缓冲液 ( p H8.5)中 ,Cu( ) - PAN能被完全络合和被纤维素滤膜完全捕集。然后用无水乙醇溶解捕集物 ,建立了液 -膜富集分离并测量痕量铜的吸光光度法。该法富集倍数高 ,测定结果满意。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂7550型紫外 -可见分光光度计p HS- 4型智能酸度计YBD×L3D型电动吸引器Cu( )标准溶液 :1 0 0 ,1 0 ,2μg· ml- 1PAN…     

高效液相色谱法测定输液袋中12种抗氧剂的迁移量

建立了基于高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定输液袋中12种抗氧剂迁移量的分析方法。样品经盐析辅助液液萃取后,过0.22μm有机系滤膜,以甲醇-0.1%磷酸为流动相,经Shim-pack GIST-HP C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3μm)分离,二极管阵列检测器测定,外标法定量。分别优化了梯度洗脱程序、柱温和进样量。在优化后的色谱条件下,12种目标化合物在26 min内实现有效分离,且线性关系良好,平均加标回收率为84.3%～108.7%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为0.1%～3.1%,检出限(LODs)为0.2～0.4 mg/L。本方法可用于输液袋中12种抗氧剂迁移量的检测。     

中成药口服液中铜、锌、铁、锰形态分析研究

本文对四种中成药口服液中微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的形态分析进行了研究。用0．45μm滤膜将四种口服液分成可溶态和悬浮态。对于可溶态,用LSA-10树脂分成有机态和无机态。用火焰原子吸收法(FAAS)测定各形态微量元素含量,样品的加标回收率在90％～110％之间。     

喷气燃料中悬浮物有机成分的气相色谱/质谱分析

本文研究了喷气燃料中悬浮物有机成分的分离和定性分析。先通过孔径0.025μm的微孔滤膜过滤分离出喷气燃料中的悬浮物,依次用正己烷和二氯甲烷提取悬浮物中的有机成分,再利用气相色谱/质谱联用技术对悬浮物的正己烷相溶液和二氯甲烷相溶液进行定性分析,共检测出了2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、1,2-二氧芑-3-乙酸,6-十六烷基-3,6-二氢-6-甲氧基-甲基酯、5-甲基-5H-苯并[23-c]咔唑等47种成分,为研究悬浮物的形成机理提供了实验依据。     

工业废水中溶解态有机物分析方法研究

采用0．45μm玻璃纤维滤膜将工业废水分离为悬浮态和溶解态有机物质,以二氯甲烷为萃取剂,采用液液萃取一气质联用法对工业废水中溶解态有机物进行测定。优化的最佳萃取条件为：每个pH范围各萃取2次,静置时间5min,氯化钠加入量15g。方法的加标回收率为91．1％～103％,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5％fH=6）。该法分析时间短,易于操作。     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定大气颗粒物中的镉

将大气颗粒物样品采集在有机滤膜上(或滤筒中)，用硝酸、高氯酸消解，以石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定其中镉的含量。在0．00～8．00μg/L范围内对镉的质量浓度与吸光度数据进行回归，得线性方程为A：0．016 0．041X，相关系数r=0．9991，回收率为90％～94％，测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．1％～7．5％，检出限为0．366μg/L，该方法适用于大气和固定污染源排气中镉的测定。     

高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器测定化妆品中的6种酞酸酯

建立了用高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器测定化妆品中6种酞酸酯——邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、二乙酯(DEP)、二丁酯(DBP)、丁基苄基酯(BBP)、二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)和二正辛酯(DOP)的方法一样品用甲醇超声提取．高速冷冻离心,经0．5μm滤膜过滤．直接注入高效液相色谱．在280nm波长进行分析用保留时间结合酞酸酯紫外光谱定性．外标法定量该法的回收率为85％～110％．精密度RSD为0．058％～2．84％．检出限：DMP．DEP、BBP和DBP均为5ng．DEHP和DOP为10ng,该方法准确度和灵敏度高．样品用量少．前处理简单。可同时测定化妆品中6种酞酸酯化合物。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.