碳纳米管在水处理材料领域的应用*

碳纳米管是国内外广泛关注的一类碳材料,近年来逐渐成为水处理材料领域的一个研究热点。本文就碳纳米管在水处理材料领域应用研究进展作综合论述,介绍了基于碳纳米管水处理材料改性和制备方法,总结了碳纳米管用于水处理吸附材料、光催化降解复合材料、吸附材料载体以及湿式氧化催化剂载体等方面的研究进展,分析了碳纳米管作为吸附材料、吸附材料/催化材料载体以及碳纳米管用于光催化降解复合材料的原理。     

锂硫二次电池正极研究进展

综述了锂硫电池中硫基正极材料的制备方法、结构特征以及电化学性能. 简述了单质硫正极材料, 重点探讨了有机硫化物、碳/硫复合材料、聚合物/硫复合材料的结构设计、材料制备、反应机理以及充放电特性, 并对其中存在的问题进行了分析, 还介绍了硫化锂正极材料. 最后对硫基正极的进一步发展, 以及锂硫电池的商业化应用进行了展望.     

固体氧化物燃料电池关键材料及电池堆技术

本文综述了固体氧化物燃料电池的关键材料--电解质、阴极以及阳极材料,总结了目前的研究现状以及今后的发展趋势,阐明了各种材料的作用与意义.按照不同类别比较了各关键材料的优缺点,以及改进各种关键材料的方法与途径,为提高电池各个组件的性能,从而提高固体氧化物燃料电池的整体性能,即电池堆的性能提供参考.另外,本文对中科院上海硅...     

锂离子电池聚阴离子型正极材料

聚阴离子型正极材料具有高安全性、低成本和环境友好等优点,是最具潜力的车用动力锂离子电池正极材料之一,但是较低的电子电导率和离子电导率以及较差的倍率性能和低温性能限制了这类材料的实际应用。近年来,通过对材料进行表面包覆电子良导体、体相掺杂以及制备纳米尺寸材料等,显著提升了部分聚阴离子型正极材料的电化学性能;同时,还实现了磷酸亚铁锂在车用动力电池中的实际应用。本文论述了近年来聚阴离子型正极材料研究领域中的研究热点及进展,特别是近几年重新成为研究热点的硅酸盐和硫酸盐正极材料,重点讨论了各种聚阴离子型正极材料的晶体结构、合成及改性方法、电化学性质、安全性以及实际应用所面临的技术瓶颈等,最后探讨了提升材料性能的可能途径。     

基于红外隐身及多波段兼容隐身材料

随着探测系统的快速发展和探测精度的提高,隐身技术的需求日益迫切。由于传统的红外隐身材料面临着多途径目标探测的严峻挑战,因此开发既能满足红外隐身要求又能满足雷达隐身、可见光隐身、激光隐身要求的新型兼容隐身材料具有重要意义。红外隐身材料主要针对目标的红外辐射特征进行材料、结构设计,降低目标在背景中热红外辐射信号的突出性以及被热红外制导武器命中的概率。本综述概述了红外隐身及兼容材料的工作原理、制备方法及最新研究进展。首先介绍了最具有发展前景的红外隐身材料包括光子晶体、掺杂半导体、相变材料和纳米材料的结构特性、隐身机理和研究成果,重点关注了实现红外隐身的材料以及具体的隐身特性,讨论了红外兼容雷达、红外兼容可见光、红外兼容激光以及多波段兼容等材料的兼容隐身条件,并对其最新研究进展进行了系统的总结。最后,梳理了目前红外隐身材料以及各兼容材料所存在的不足及面临的困难,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

聚苯基喹噁啉的研究与应用进展

聚苯基喹噁啉(PPQ)是一类重要的热塑性芳杂环聚合物材料。苯基取代喹噁啉环赋予了PPQ优良的耐热稳定性、耐水解性以及在有机溶剂中良好的溶解性。本文综述了近年来国内外在PPQ材料基础研究与应用领域内的最新进展情况,从四酮单体的合成、PPQ的合成以及在高技术领域中的应用等角度进行了阐述。着重介绍了PPQ在集成电路层间介质材料、先进显示用电子传输材料以及燃料电池质子交换膜材料中的应用,最后结合作者的研究工作对PPQ材料在未来高技术领域中的应用前景进行了展望。     

相变储能材料的研究进展

综述了相变材料的研究进展状况 ,介绍了相变材料的分类以及各类相变材料的性能、储能机理和优缺点 ,并介绍了一些新型的相变材料 ,指出了该领域中有待解决的问题 ,展望了未来相变材料的发展前景。     

生物降解材料

本文介绍了生物降解材料的含义、作用机理、影响微生物降解的因素、以及生物降解材料的应用,并列举了几种主要的可生物降解的材料。     

碳纳米管与石墨烯在储能电池中的应用

当今社会日益增长的能源与环境需求对储能电池技术的发展既是机遇也是严峻的挑战。纳米碳材料如碳纳米管与石墨烯因其优异的导电能力、良好的机械性能以及独特的形貌与结构特征在储能电池技术领域中的应用越来越普遍。本文通过综述近年来碳纳米管与石墨烯分别作为锂离子电池的复合电极材料、负极活性材料、导电添加剂以及新型锂硫电池用复合导电载体的最新应用进展,重点讨论了这两类纳米碳材料的不同应用模式对储能电池容量性能、倍率性能以及循环寿命的影响。同时对目前研究中存在的问题进行了总结,并对未来发展方向,如开发低成本与环境友好的高质量材料合成技术、提升材料的分散能力以有效构筑复合电极结构以及开发新的应用模式等进行了展望。     

分子型有机空穴传输材料和红色发光材料的设计合成、物化性质及在有机电致发光器件中的应用

有机电致发光器件具有直流电压驱动、主动发光、体积小、无视角限制、响应快,以及色彩全、制作工艺简单等优点,作为新型显示技术而倍受瞩目.在构建有机电致发光器件的三大材料中 (空穴传输材料、电子传输材料和发光材料),空穴传输材料的玻璃化温度(Tg)以及红色发光材料的色纯度和发光效率亟待改进.本论文通过对分子进行合适的裁剪与修饰,设计合成了具有良好应用前景的空穴传输材料和红色发光材料,研究了化合物的物化性质与分子结构的关系以及它们在器件上的应用.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.