基于次氯酸钙的高铁酸钾制备与表征

为提高化学氧化法制备高铁酸钾的安全性,以次氯酸钙和碳酸钾反应制备碱性饱和次氯酸钾,继而氧化九水硝酸铁制备高铁酸钾。对制备条件进行了优化,结果表明次氯酸钾浓度1.15mol/L,反应时间60min,重结晶碱浓度15.48mol/L,正戊烷和无水乙醇交替洗涤除杂条件下所制备的高铁酸钾纯度较高。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及紫外-可见吸收光度法对样品进行定性分析,证实所制备样品为高铁酸钾。采用邻菲罗呤分光光度法定量测定样品纯度,高铁酸钾含量大于97%。     

高铁酸钾与饮用水处理

介绍了高铁酸钾的制备、性质以及在饮用水处理方面的应用。     

相转移催化下复合高铁酸钾氧化甲苯的研究

制备了高稳定性的复合高铁酸钾氧化剂,并进行了表征.研究了高铁酸钾溶液的pH值和浓度对高铁酸钾稳定性的影响,并确定了高铁酸钾稳定存在的溶液环境.以复合高铁酸钾为氧化剂,采用相转移催化氧化甲苯法合成苯甲酸.考察了相转移催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应时间以及反应温度等因素对苯甲酸收率的影响.结果表明,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作相...     

农林废弃生物质吸附材料在水污染治理中的应用

环境污染问题已经成为人类社会可持续发展的巨大挑战之一,化工、冶炼及核燃料循环过程等排放的废水中含大量重金属离子、有机物及放射性核素等,若未经处理即排放会给环境带来了极大的危害。吸附法的效率高、操作简单、低成本且无副产物、可循环利用及无二次污染等优点使其成为废水处理的重要方法之一。由于农林废弃生物质成本低、来源丰富、绿色环保且可再生,以其为原料制备的吸附材料被广泛研究。本文主要针对以农林废弃生物质为原料制备的生物炭、纤维素及木质素为研究对象, 综述了生物炭的制备及改性方法、天然纤维素及木质素的改性方法及其在水污染治理中的应用现状。从原材料、制备工艺、改性方法等方面总结分析了吸附材料的性能对水中污染物吸附的影响,提出了生物质基吸附材料在水污染治理应用中所存在的问题,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

间接碘量法测定高铁酸钾

提出了间接碘量法测定高铁酸钾样品中常量、高含量高铁酸钾的方法。用碱性碘化钾溶液(pH 11～12)溶解高铁酸钾试样,调节溶液的pH值为1,反应40min后,以硫代硫酸钠标准溶液作为滴定剂进行滴定。方法用于高铁酸钾样品的分析,测定结果与亚铬酸盐法测定值相符。     

治理明胶生产废水污染研究进展

本文参考有关文献,详细论述了废水处理技术在明胶生产废水治理中的应用与发展.在分析明胶废水污染现状、废水水质特性的基础上,从混凝、生物处理、清洁生产、超滤膜处理、污泥处理、蛋白质回收、环境健康研究几个方面综述了迄今为止围绕明胶生产废水治理所开展的有关研究工作和治理技术.     

水与废水处理用无机/有机杂化复合絮凝剂研究进展

无机/有机杂化复合絮凝剂具有价廉、生态安全与健康、絮凝效率高等特点,其研发及在废水中的应用已经引起研究者和用户的广泛关注。本文对该复合絮凝剂类型、制备方法、性能及其应用进行了综述,同时对其絮凝作用机理进行了简要评述,提出了当前无机/有机杂化复合絮凝剂存在的问题和几点建议。     

改性生物炭对废水中锑的去除研究进展

废水锑排放限值日趋严格,迫切需要高效低成本的废水锑去除技术。本文介绍了含锑废水较为成熟的处理技术和工艺,然后结合生物炭的制备和特点综述了改性生物炭技术应用于废水中锑的去除治理所具有的明显优势和现阶段所取得的研究成果,为改性生物炭技术用于废水中锑的去除应用和推广提供一定的参考。     

高铁酸钾的合成与电化学性能研究

本文主要研究了锂离子电池正极材料高铁酸钾的合成,表征和电化学性质.用次氯酸钾与硝酸铁于碱性介质中反应得到高铁酸钾粗品,重结晶后成纯度大于97%的产品,用XRD和FTIR等方法对高铁酸钾进行表征和分析.初步研究了K2FeO4/Li电池的充放电性能.     

煤矸石制备环境功能材料的研究进展

煤矸石是当今全球排放量最大的大宗固废之一。根据煤矸石的结构特征及元素组成,将其制备成相应的高附加值环境功能材料。该类功能材料在水污染治理、大气污染治理和土壤修复等领域均表现出优异性能。从分类、改性方法、特性及应用情况等维度对基于煤矸石基环境功能材料进行介绍,并针对其制备和应用中的不足提出了改进思路,并强调注重绿色合成、高效回收,防止二次污染。     

高铁酸盐的电化学合成及对活性污泥的处理进展

活性污泥(WAS)产量的不断增加已经成为污水厂普遍存在的难题。高铁酸盐具有氧化、消毒、絮凝、吸附等作用,在污泥处理中具有良好的应用前景。同时,高铁酸盐在常温下具有不稳定性,极易分解,需要在线生产的技术。本文从高铁酸盐的性质出发,综述了高铁酸盐的电化学合成方法及其影响因素,并对其在线生产高铁酸盐的应用进展进行介绍;总结了高铁酸盐对于活性污泥处理中的污泥脱水、最小化和厌氧发酵等三个方面的处理机理和影响。最后,提出了对于未来发展方向的认识,以期提高处理效率、节约成本。     

Silica gel as a support for inorganic ion- exchangers for the determination of caesium-137 in natural waters

The preparation and characteristics of ammonium molybdophosphate and potassium or ammonium hexacyanocobalt ferrate supported in silica gel, and their application to the determination of (137)Cs in natural waters are described. Use of columns of these materials gives better recovery of (137)Cs from natural waters (in comparison with co-precipitation with ammonium molybdophosphate), requires less exchanger, so raising the gamma-counting efficiency of (137)Cs, and permits elimination of other radionuclides by washing with hydrofluoric acid.     

Synthesis of Graphene Oxide by Oxidation of Graphite with Ferrate(VI) Compounds: Myth or Reality?

It is well established that graphene oxide can be prepared by the oxidation of graphite using permanganate or chlorate in an acidic environment. Recently, however, the synthesis of graphene oxide using potassium ferrate(VI) ions has been reported. Herein, we critically replicate and evaluate this new ferrate(VI) oxidation method. In addition, we test the use of potassium ferrate(VI) for the synthesis of graphene oxide under various experimental routes. The synthesized materials are analyzed by a number of analytical methods in order to confirm or disprove the possibility of synthesizing graphene oxide by the ferrate(VI) oxidation route. Our results confirm the unsuitability of using ferrate(VI) for the oxidation of graphite on graphene oxide because of its high instability in an acidic environment and low oxidation power in neutral and alkaline environments.     

The carbon nanotubes-based materials and their applications for organic pollutant removal:A critical review

The carbon nanotubes(CNTs) as the emerging materials for organic pollutant removal have gradually become a burgeoning research field.Herein,a mini-review of CNTs-based materials curre ntly studies for organic pollutant elimination is presented.This review summarizes the preparation methods of CNTsbased materials.CNTs-based materials can be used as adsorbents to remove organic pollutants in wastewater.The adsorption mechanisms mainly include surface diffusio n,pore diffusion and adsorption reaction.Most importantly,an in-depth overview of CNTs-based materials currently available in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) applications for wastewater treatment is proposed.CNTs-based materials can catalyze different oxidants(e.g.,hydrogen peroxide(H_2 O_2),persulfates(PMS/PDS),ozone(O_3) and ferrate/permanganate(Fe(Ⅵ)/Mn(Ⅶ)) to generate more reactive oxygen species(ROS) for organic pollutant elimination.Moreover,the possible reaction mechanisms of removing organic pollutants by CNTs-based materials are summarized systematically and discussed in detail.Finally,application potential and future research directions of CNTs-based materials in the environmental remediation field are proposed.     

A Novel Oxidizing Reagent Based on Potassium Ferrate(VI)(1)

A new, efficient preparation has been devised for potassium ferrate(VI) (K(2)FeO(4)). The ability of this high-valent iron salt for oxidizing organic substrates in nonaqueous media was studied. Using benzyl alcohol as a model, the catalytic activity of a wide range of microporous adsorbents was ascertained. Among numerous solid supports of the aluminosilicate type, the K10 montmorillonite clay was found to be best at achieving quantitative formation of benzaldehyde, without any overoxidation to benzoic acid. The roles of the various parameters (reaction time and temperature, nature of the solvent, method of preparation of the solid reagent) were investigated. The evidence points to a polar reaction mechanism. The ensuing procedure was applied successfully, at room temperature, to oxidation of a series of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, to oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides, and to oxidation of nitrogen derivatives. At 75 degrees C, the reagent has the capability of oxidizing both activated and nonactivated hydrocarbons. Toluene is turned into benzyl alcohol (and benzaldehyde). Cycloalkanes are also oxidized, in significant (30-40%) yields, to the respective cycloalkanols (and cycloalkanones). Thus, potassium ferrate, used in conjunction with an appropriate heterogeneous catalyst, is a strong and environmentally friendly oxidant.     

丙烯酸基水凝胶处理重金属废水的研究进展

重金属废水因其对环境污染严重、危害人类健康而越来越引起人们的重视。丙烯酸基高分子水凝胶由于含有多种功能基团和大量的活性吸附位点,在重金属吸附方面发挥了重要作用。本文主要综述了丙烯酸基高分子水凝胶在重金属废水处理方面的研究进展,总结和归纳了聚丙烯酸基高分子水凝胶的制备方法和分类等,分析了聚丙烯酸基高分子水凝胶作为吸附剂在重金属废水处理方面存在的问题,并对其后续应用和研究进行了展望。     

The kinetics of oxidation of simple aliphatic sulphur compounds by potassium ferrate

Potassium ferrate (K₂FeO₄) is highly soluble in water and a very strong oxidizing agent^{(1, 2)}. Other properties include a strong bacteriacidal action which has been documented by Murmann and Robinson⁽¹⁾. These characteristics, and others, suggest that potassium ferrate would be useful in the advanced treatment of municipal waste water. The efficiency of oxidation of various organic compounds by potassium ferrate must be investigated before conclusions can be drawn.When K₂FeO₄ is placed into aqueous solution a purple colour is produced which disappears as K₂FeO₄ is reduced. At a spectrophotometric wavelength of 505 nm this affords a convenient method for measuring the decomposition kinetics of K₂FeO₄.Rate constants were obtained by algorithmic analysis of spectral absorbance data by the Cornell method⁽³⁾. This work will present a mechanism of reaction for oxidation of simple aliphatic sulphur compounds by potassium ferrate. The oxidation of simple aliphatic sulphur compounds produces the corresponding sulphoxide or sulphone^{(4, 5)} Compounds studied included dimethyl sulphoxide, diethylsulphide, dimethylsulphone, and 2,2-thiodiethanol.     

Dry Chemistry of Ferrate(VI): A Solvent‐Free Mechanochemical Way for Versatile Green Oxidation

The +6 oxidation state of iron generally exists in the form of ferrate(VI) with high redox potential and environmentally friendly nature. Although ferrate(VI) has been known for over a century, its chemistry is still limited to the solvent‐based reactions that suffers from the insolubility/instability of this oxidant and the environmental issues caused by hazardous solvents. Herein, we explore the solvent‐free reactivity of ferrate(VI) under mechanical milling, revealing that its strong oxidizing power is accessible in the “dry” solid state towards a broad variety of substrates, for example, aromatic alcohols/aldehydes and carbon nanotubes. More significantly, solvent‐free mechanochemistry also reshapes the oxidizing ability of ferrate(VI) due to the underlying solvent‐free effect and the promotive mechanical actions. This study opens up a new chemistry of ferrate(VI) with promising application in green oxidative transformation of both organic and inorganic substrates.