尿液中新型合成大麻素及其代谢物的检验研究

利用液相色谱-高分辨质谱（LC-HRMS）建立了尿液中3种新型合成大麻素及5种代谢物的快速检验方法。前处理分别采用沉淀蛋白和固相萃取2种方法,选用Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm)色谱柱进行分离,以含10 mmol/L甲酸铵的0.1%甲酸水溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液进行梯度洗脱;采用正离子扫描模式,一级质谱全扫描/数据依赖二级质谱扫描（Full MS/dd-MS2）进行检测。结果表明,沉淀蛋白法检出限为1～3 ng/mL,定量限为2～5 ng/mL,固相萃取法检出限为0.1～1 ng/mL,定量限为0.5～2 ng/mL,回收率为76.5%～91.7%,基质效应范围为77.6%～97.3%,日内日间相对标准偏差均小于12%。将建立的方法用于检验疑似合成大麻素吸食者的尿液检材并检出了目标物,表明所建立的方法可应用于公安机关对实际案件的检验。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定人血清中皮质酮与皮质醇

建立了同时测定人血清中皮质酮和皮质醇的液相色谱-串联质谱法。血清经正己烷除脂净化、叔丁基甲醚提取后,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液(含0.01 mol/L甲酸铵)为流动相,流速为0.3 mL/min。用Agilent E-clipse Plus-C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)分离,正离子模式下进行串联质谱检测。皮质酮和皮质醇浓度在0.5～200 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)分别为0.999 7、0.999 4。皮质酮和皮质醇分别在5.0、25.0、75.0 ng/mL和0.5、2.5、10.0 ng/mL 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为86.6%～102.7%,相对标准偏差不大于7.1%,检出限分别为0.1 ng/mL和0.05 ng/mL。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、重现性好、定性定量准确,适用于同时测定血清中的内皮质酮和皮质醇。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用方法测定血浆和尿液中的α-龙葵碱、α-卡茄碱和茄啶

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用方法,检测血浆和尿液中的α-龙葵碱、α-卡茄碱和茄啶。样品经2%(v/v,下同)甲酸水溶液等量稀释,再经混合型阳离子交换固相萃取柱(MCX SPE)净化,以0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和含0.05%甲酸的5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在UPLC BEH C18色谱柱上实现分离,正离子电喷雾串联质谱多反应监测(ESI-MS/MS MRM)方式检测,基质匹配外标法定量。一次进样分析时间为5.5min。血浆和尿液中3种待测物的线性范围均为0.3~100 ng/mL,相关系数为0.997~0.999;样品的检出限为0.1 ng/mL,定量限为0.3 ng/mL;血浆和尿液中的平均加标回收率分别为82%~112%和96%~114%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~16%和2.7%~17%(n=6)。方法简单、准确、灵敏,适用于马铃薯中毒检测。     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人全血中24种磺酰脲类除草剂

建立了QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人全血中24种磺酰脲类除草剂的方法。对QuEChERS方法进行优化,样品加入NaCl和无水Na₂SO₄并取上层清液经Simple-QuEChERS Nano净化柱净化。采用EclipsePlus C18 RRHD色谱柱分离,以乙腈-水（含0.1‰甲酸）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在多反应监测（MRM）模式下进行检测,内标法定量。在各自线性范围内,24种磺酰脲类除草剂线性关系良好（r> 0.995）;检出限为0.1～0.2 ng/mL,定量限为0.2～0.5 ng/mL。加标回收率为93.4%～112.3%,日内相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.6%～8.1%,日间RSD为3.3%～9.7%。方法已用于实际案例中磺酰脲类除草剂的检测。     

杂质吸附型净化结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定谷物和动物饲料中37种霉菌毒素

建立了谷物和动物饲料中霉菌毒素的高效、快速前处理方法,可同时提取和净化样品中37种理化性质差异较大的霉菌毒素,并采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）进行定性和定量分析。样品粉碎处理后,经84%（体积分数,下同）乙腈水（含0.1%甲酸）溶液振荡提取20 min,MLJ-1杂质吸附型固相萃取柱净化。目标物在BEH RP18色谱柱上分离,以0.1 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液（含0.1%甲酸）和甲醇溶液（含0.1%甲酸）作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾正、负离子模式和多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,本方法可在1 min内完成样品净化处理,15 min内完成37种目标化合物的分离分析。37种目标物在各自线性范围内线性关系良好,基质匹配标准曲线的相关系数均大于0.98。除伏马毒素外的所有目标化合物在4个添加水平下的回收率介于80%~120%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）<20%（n=5）,方法定量限为2~40 μg/kg,能够满足《饲料卫生标准》判定要求。该方法操作简单、快速、准确,适合谷物和动物饲料中多种霉菌毒素同步筛查和确证检测。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定生活饮用水中49种药物及5种代谢物

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(UPLC-ESI MS/MS)分析生活饮用水中54种药物的方法。采用HLB固相萃取柱对水样中的目标化合物进行富集净化,以5 mL甲醇洗脱;洗脱液用氮气吹至近干,用0.4 mL 0.1%甲酸水溶液定容,上机分析;ACQUITY UPLC^TMBEH C₁₈柱用作色谱分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱;多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测;目标药物使用基质外标法定量。54种药物在自备井水、市政末梢水和地表水中的加标回收率分别为58.7%~104.4%、53.1%~109.5%和50.7%~118.8%,相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为0.3%~12.8%、1.0%~15.5%和0.4%~19.3%;方法定量限为0.002~5.000 ng/L。将建立的方法应用于北京部分自备井水、市政末梢水和地表水样品的分析,结果在自备井水样中检出26种药物。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆与尿液中14种麻痹性贝类毒素北大核心CSCD

人体生物基质中麻痹性贝类毒素的检测对其引起的食物中毒诊断和救治具有重要意义。研究建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆、尿液中14种麻痹性贝类毒素的分析方法。实验比较了不同固相萃取柱的影响,优化了前处理条件和色谱条件,血浆样品采用0.2 mL水、0.4 mL甲醇、0.6 mL乙腈提取后直接上机测定,尿液样品采用0.2 mL水、0.4 mL甲醇、0.6 mL乙腈提取,聚酰胺(PA)固相萃取柱净化后上机测定。采用Poroshell 120 HILIC-Z色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm)对14种贝类毒素进行分离,流动相为含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的5 mmoL/L甲酸铵缓冲溶液和0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液,流速为0.50 mL/min。在电喷雾模式(ESI)下进行正负离子扫描,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,对于血浆和尿液样品,14种贝类毒素分别在0.24~84.06 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995。尿液检测的定量限为4.80~34.40 ng/mL,血浆检测的定量限为1.68~12.04 ng/mL。尿液和血浆样品在1、2和10倍定量限加标水平下平均回收率为70.4%~123.4%,日内精密度为2.3%~19.1%,日间精密度为4.0%~16.2%。应用建立的方法对腹腔注射14种贝类毒素小鼠血浆和尿液进行测定,20份血浆样本中检出含量分别为19.40~55.60μg/L和8.75~13.86μg/L。该方法操作简便,样品取样量少,方法灵敏度高,适用于血浆和尿液中麻痹性贝类毒素的快速检测。     

基于通过式固相萃取净化的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中5种肽类抗生素

建立了一种基于免活化通过式固相萃取净化技术的液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)用于测定猪肉中5种肽类抗生素(达托霉素、万古霉素、去甲万古霉素、维吉尼亚霉素M1、维吉尼亚霉素S1)。猪肉采用甲醇-2%甲酸(体积比为5∶2)进行提取,经免活化的Captiva EMR-Lipid固相萃取小柱净化后,以Phenomenex Kinetex F5(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱分离,0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式扫描,多反应模式(MRM)监测目标物,内标法定量。结果表明,猪肉中达托霉素在2～200 ng/mL范围内,万古霉素及去甲万古霉素在5～500 ng/mL范围内,维吉尼亚霉素M1及维吉尼亚霉素S1在1～100 ng/mL范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r²)均大于0.99,5种肽类抗生素的检出限为3～7.5μg/kg,定量下限为5～25μg/kg。在25、50、250μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.2%～102%,日内相对标准偏差(Intra-RSD)为1.3%～7.4%,日间相对标准偏...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定化妆品中50种非法添加药物

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定化妆品中50种非法添加化学药物定性筛查及定量分析方法.不同基质样品经乙腈溶液(含0.5%甲酸)提取后,冷冻离心,上清液采用2 mg/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠水溶液定容,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,经CAPCELL CORE C18色谱柱梯度洗脱分离.采用电喷雾电离(ESI),以多重反应监测(MRM)模式进行正负离子检测.所测50种化学药物在10~100 ng/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r值均大于0.991 0),精密度、重复性良好,平均回收率在87.2%~109.7%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)不超过10.0%,方法检出限为0.05~33 ng/g,定量限为0.15~99 ng/g.方法简便、灵敏度高、重复性好,可以实现化妆品中50种非法添加化学药物快速、准确的定性筛查和定量测定.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中11种离子液体阳离子

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测土壤中11种离子液体(ILs)阳离子的分析方法。样品经乙腈+0.2 mol/L NH4Cl提取,Strata-X-CW萃取小柱净化,AgilentSB-C18(1.88μm,2.1 mm×50 mm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈+体积分数0.1%的甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,以电喷雾正离子模式电离,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。11种ILs阳离子的质量浓度在2~500 ng/mL范围内呈良好线性(r2>0.995),方法检出限为0.72~1.95 ng/g,定量限为2.38~6.44 ng/g。以土壤为基质,加标回收率为78.0%~107.6%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~8.6%,11种ILs阳离子在12 min内实现基线分离。方法满足土壤样品中ILs阳离子的检测要求。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.