侧链含氮原子磺化聚酰亚胺膜材料的制备及其性能研究

以对苯二酚为原料经过三步反应,合成了含叔胺取代基的二胺单体2,5-二((二甲氨基)亚甲基)-1,4-二(对氨基苯氧基)苯(DMAPB),并与1,4,5,8-四酸萘二酐(NTDA)、磺化二胺4,4'-二氨基二苯醚-2,2'-二磺酸(ODADS)高温聚合,通过改变磺化二胺单体(ODADS)的含量,制备了一系列具有不同磺化度的侧链含氮原子磺化聚酰亚胺.采用间甲酚为溶剂,通过溶液浇铸法制备成膜.由于将N-原子引入到聚酰亚胺的侧链,使得其与磺酸基更易形成较强的离子交联,从而有效地控制膜溶胀,提高了膜稳定性.新的磺化聚酰亚胺的热稳定性高达330℃并显示了良好的氧稳定性,其阻醇性能也得到了提高,在20℃下,膜的甲醇渗透系数为2.05×10-7至5.11×10-7cm2/s,远低于Nafion 117(2×10-6cm2/s)一个数量级.磺化度40%的磺化聚酰亚胺膜在100℃去离子水中测试1000 h以上仍能保持较好的机械性能.膜在高湿条件下也显示了良好的机械性能.然而,膜的质子传输率有所下降,这应该是较强的离子交联导致膜产生较致密的结构,减少了含水量并阻碍了水和H+的移动.同时,磺酸基与氮原子发生离子交联,减少了参与质子传输的磺酸基数量,降低了聚合物膜的酸性.     

含二氮杂萘酮结构磺化聚酰亚胺共聚物的合成及其膜性能研究

将磺化二胺单体4,4′-二(4-氨基苯氧基)联苯-3,3′-二磺酸(BAPBDS),含二氮杂萘酮结构的二胺1,2-二氢-2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)-苯基]-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZDA)和1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸二酐(NTDA)进行缩合聚合反应,通过改变磺化二胺单体BAPBDS的含量,合成了一系列不同磺化度的聚酰亚胺(SPIs).采用FT-IR,1H-NMR表征了聚合物的结构,热重分析仪(TGA)研究了聚合物的耐热稳定性.以间甲酚为溶剂,通过溶液浇铸法成膜研究了该系列聚合物膜的性能.结果表明,与其它磺化聚酰亚胺相比,该系列磺化聚酰亚胺的溶解性以及在高温下(80℃)水解稳定性有较大提高.     

用于燃料电池质子交换膜的含萘及氮杂环结构的新型磺化聚酰亚胺的合成及性能

将自制的4,4'-二氨基二苯醚-2,2'-二磺酸基(ODADS)、 含氮杂环芳香二胺1,2-二氢-2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)-苯基]-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZ-DA)和1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸二酐(NTDA)进行直接缩合聚合反应, 通过改变磺化二胺单体的含量来改变聚合物的磺化度, 成功地合成了一系列高分子量的不同磺化度的六元环聚酰亚胺(SPIs), 其特性粘度在0.55-1.47 dL/g. 采用FTIR和 1H NMR技术表征了聚合物的结构. 研究了经溶液浇铸成磺化聚合物膜的理化性质. 结果表明, 随着聚合物磺化度的增大, 膜的含水率和离子交换能力增大, 尺寸稳定性、 对水的稳定性以及抗氧化性降低.     

化学稳定的磺化聚酰亚胺质子交换膜的合成及其表征

质子交换膜存在的最大问题是膜的水稳定性问题(包括水解稳定性、尺寸稳定性和溶解稳定性),对于磺化聚酰亚胺膜来说,由于存在酰亚胺环,因此他最大的问题是水解稳定性问题.基于这些问题,本文合成了一系列的化学稳定的(水、氧化和热稳定)磺化聚酰亚胺用做质子交换膜材料,所有的聚合物都表现出良好的成膜性、机械性能和热稳定性.首先,联萘二酐(BTDA)的引入,大大的提高膜的水解稳定性,例如Ia-90在90℃的水中1000 h还能保持原有的机械性能,而以NTDA为基础的膜24 h就失去了原有的机械性能.同时,在分子链中引入碱性的二胺基团,例如,苯并咪唑等;碱性的基团和磺酸基团形成聚合物盐,增强了链间的相互作用,降低了膜的吸水率,提高了尺寸稳定性.例如Ia-90和Ic-90具有相近的IEC值,但是由于聚合物中碱性基团和磺酸形成的分子间作用力,Ia-90的吸水率(65%)低于Ic-90(79%);吸水率的降低,同时也降低了膜的甲醇透过率.在保持这些优良性能的同时,为了提高膜的氧化稳定性和质子导电率,以新型的全芳香结构的磺化二胺(2,2'-BSBB)合成了一系列的不同磺化度的磺化聚酰亚胺(Ⅱ),所得聚合物具有良好的成膜性,在保持良好的机械性能、高热稳定性等的前提下,由于全芳香磺化二胺的引入,大大的提高了膜的氧化稳定性;尤其是Ⅱa-6110膜,开始溶解的时间大于40 h,远大于其它类型的SPI膜(＜30 h);由于2,2'-BSBB的刚性结构和大的侧链基团,Ⅱ膜具有较高的质子导电率;Ⅱa-80的质子导电率在20℃条件下为0.112 S/cm,在相同测试条件下,大于Nafion 117的0.09 S/cm,也远远大于相似IEC值的Ic-70的0.044 S/cm.因此,该膜有望作为一种新型的性能优良的质子传输膜材料应用于燃料电池.     

磺化聚酰亚胺酸碱复合膜的制备及其在全钒液流电池中的应用

采用高温一步法合成了一系列不同磺化度的三元共聚磺化聚酰亚胺(SPI),通过控制磺化二胺与非磺化二胺的摩尔比来调节磺化度.选取碱性聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)与SPI按质量比1∶9进行共混,制成SPI/PVP酸碱复合膜.对复合膜的吸水率、离子交换容量、钒离子渗透率以及电池性能进行了测试.结果表明,随着磺化度的升高,复合膜的吸水率、离子交换容量、质子电导率升高以及钒离子渗透率升高.复合膜的隔膜选择性比Nafion117的选择性好,其中SPI/PVP-3的选择性是Nafion117的10倍.电池性能测试表明,随磺化度的升高,复合膜能量效率升高.其中SPI/PVP-3膜较Nafion117膜具有较高的库伦效率和能量效率,通过循环测试SPI/PVP-3膜性能稳定,充放电理想.     

新型萘酐型磺化聚酰亚胺质子交换膜的合成

以新型磺化二胺单体, 1,4-双(4-胺基-2-磺酸基苯氧基)苯(DS-TBDA)与非磺化单体1,4′-二胺基二苯醚（ODA）、 1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐(NTDA)为原料, 采用高温聚合法, 制备了一系列具有不同磺化度的萘酐型磺化聚酰亚胺(S-PI)质子交换膜材料, 并研究了材料性能与结构的关系. 磺化度超过33%时, 质子传导率可达到与Nafion膜同一数量级的水平, 而甲醇透过率均在2.85×10-7 cm2/s以下, 比Nafion膜低1-2个数量级. 研究结果表明, 该膜有望在直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)中获得应用.     

用于燃料电池的磺化聚芳醚砜质子交换膜材料的直接合成与性能研究

将磺化二氯二苯砜(SDCDPS)、二氯二苯砜(DCDPS)与4,4′-联苯酚(BP)通过亲核缩聚反应得到一系列具有不同磺化度的磺化聚芳醚砜(SPAES)共聚物.通过FT-IR,TGA和DSC等分析方法对其结构及性能进行表征.并用透射电镜对其内部形态进行分析,建立了结构与性能之间的关系.研究了不同磺化度对膜性能的影响.结果表明,聚合物中磺酸基团的增多导致了磺化聚芳醚砜膜的吸水率、离子交换容量、质子传导率和甲醇渗透系数的增加.通过对膜的综合性能评价发现,磺化度为0.8的磺化聚芳醚砜膜在80℃时的质子传导率为0.116S/cm,100℃时的质子传导率为0.126S/cm,均高于Nafion117膜(0.114S/cm和0.117S/cm),且甲醇渗透系数为8.4×10-7cm2/s,远远低于Nafion117膜(2.1×10-6cm2/s).     

含甲基磺化杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮质子交换膜材料的合成与性能

以4-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮,3,3′-二磺酸钠-4,4′-二氟苯甲酮和4,4′-二氯二苯砜为原料,利用亲核缩聚反应,通过改变磺化单体的含量,制备出一系列不同磺化度的杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮(SPPESK-DM).采用FTIR、1H-NMR表征了聚合物的结构,热失重分析仪研究了聚合物的耐热稳定性,以N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮为溶剂采用溶液浇铸法成膜研究该系列聚合物膜的性能.结果表明,SPPESK-DM磺酸基的热分解温度在260℃以上,主链分解温度在410℃以上;膜的吸水率、溶胀率、离子交换容量和质子传导率均随着磺化度的增大而增大,磺化度为1.0的SPPESK-DM50的质子传导率达到1.08×10-2S/cm(85℃),且甲醇渗透系数为2.06×10-7cm2/s,低于Nafion117膜的甲醇渗透系数(2×10-6cm2/s).此系列膜的耐氧化性比较优异,可望用于质子交换膜燃料电池中.     

磺化聚芳醚酮砜/聚吡咯复合型直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的制备与性能研究

以高磺化度的磺化聚芳醚酮砜(SPAEKS)和吡咯(Py)为原料,通过原位聚合的方法制备了含有不同吡咯含量的SPAEKS/PPy复合膜.红外谱图表明SPAEKS聚合物中的磺酸基团与聚吡咯(PPy)中的亚氨基基团之间形成了强烈的相互作用.扫描电镜照片显示PPy能够均匀地分散在SPAEKS聚合物基体中,没有发生团聚现象.通过对复合膜的性能测试发现PPy的引入提高了复合膜的热稳定性,降低了复合膜的吸水率,改善了其水溶胀性.同时膜中水的脱附系数下降,提高了膜的保水能力.SPAEKS/PPy-3复合膜的甲醇渗透系数达到了1.18×10-7cm2/s,明显低于纯SPAEKS膜的8.52×10-7cm2/s,而其质子传导率虽有所降低,但在25℃和80℃仍然分别达到了0.039S/cm和0.061S/cm,能够满足质子交换膜对质子传导率的要求.研究结果表明,聚吡咯与SPAEKS中磺酸基的摩尔比为0.99的复合膜有望在直接甲醇燃料电池中得到应用.     

质子交换膜燃料电池用含氨基磺化聚芳醚酮砜交联膜的制备与性能研究

利用亲核缩聚方法合成出带有氨基的磺化度可控的磺化聚芳醚酮砜共聚物(Am-SPAEKS),并在180℃下制备了C-Am-SPAEKS交联膜.红外和氢核磁图表明氨基已被引入到SPAEKS共聚物中,而且AmSPAEKS聚合物中的磺酸基团与氨基反应生成磺酰胺键而形成共价交联.通过对C-Am-SPAEKS膜性能测试发现,氨基与磺酸基团之间发生的共价交联反应使交联膜的致密性增加,从而使膜的甲醇渗透系数显著降低,膜的溶胀性、热稳定性和膜的保水能力都得到了提高.在120℃时C-Am-SPAEKS膜的质子传导率达到了0.0883 S/cm,而其甲醇渗透系数在25℃时为0.5×10-7cm2/s,明显低于SPAEKS膜的8.9×10-7cm2/s和Nafion膜的2×10-6cm2/s.实验结果表明,C-Am-SPAEKS膜能够满足质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的使用要求,有望在中高温和直接甲醇燃料电池中得以应用.     

Preparation of novel bovine hemoglobin surface-imprinted polystyrene nanoparticles with magnetic susceptibility

In this research, a surface imprinting strategy has been adopted in protein imprinting. Bovine hemoglobin surface-imprinted polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles with magnetic susceptibility have been synthesized through multistage core-shell polymerization system using 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) as functional and cross-linking monomers. Superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polystyrene nanospheres with poly(APBA) thin films have been synthesized and used for the first time for protein molecular imprinting in an aqueous solution. The magnetic susceptibility is imparted through the successful encapsulation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The morphology, adsorption, and recognition properties of superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Rebinding experimental results show that poly(APBA) MIPs-coated superparamagnetic PS nanoparticles have high adsorption capacity for template protein bovine hemoglobin and comparatively low nonspecific adsorption. The imprinted superparamagnetic nanoparticles could easily reach the adsorption equilibrium and achieve magnetic separation in an external magnetic field, thus avoiding some problems of the bulk polymer.     

The effect of crosslinked networks with poly(ethylene glycol) on sulfonated polyimide for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

To investigate the effect of crosslinking by a hydrophilic group on a sulfonated polyimide electrolyte membrane, sulfonated polyimide end‐capped with maleic anhydride was synthesized using 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl, 2,2′‐disulfonic acid, 2‐bis [4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl] hexafluropropane and maleic anhydride. The sulfonated polyimides end‐capped with maleic anhydride were self‐crosslinked or crosslinked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. A series of the crosslinked sulfonated polyimides having various ratios of sulfonated polyimide and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate were prepared and compared with uncrosslinked and self‐crosslinked sulfonated polyimides. The synthesized sulfonated polyimide films were characterized for FTIR spectrum, thermal stability, ion exchange capacity, water uptake, hydrolytic stability, morphological structure, and proton conductivity. The formation of sulfonated polyimide was confirmed in FTIR spectrum. Thermal stability was good for all the sulfonated polyimides that exhibited a three‐step degradation pattern. Ion exchange capacity was the same for both the uncrosslinked and the self‐crosslinked sulfonated polyimides (1.30 mEq/g). When the crosslinked sulfonated polyimides with poly(ethylene glycol) were compared, the ion exchange capacity was decreased as 1.27 > 1.25 > 1.23 mEq/g and water uptake was increased as 23.8 < 24.0 < 24.3% with the increase in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate content. All the crosslinked sulfonated polyimides with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate were stable for over 200 h at 80 °C in deionized water. Morphological structure and mean intermolecular distance were obtained by WAXD. Proton conductivities were measured at 30, 50, 70, and 90 °C. The proton conductivity of the crosslinked sulfonated polyimides with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate increased with the increase in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate content despite the fact that the ion exchange capacity was decreased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1455–1464, 2005     

Synthesis of sulfonated poly(diphenylacetylene)s with high CO2 permselectivity

High‐molecular‐weight poly[1‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)acetylene], poly[1‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐trimethylsilylphenyl) acetylene], and their copolymers were synthesized by the polymerization with TaCl₅–n‐Bu₄Sn. The obtained polymers were sulfonated by using acetyl sulfate to give sulfonated poly(diphenylacetylene)s with different degrees of substitution. The degrees of sulfonation of poly[1‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐t‐butylphenyl)acetylene] and copolymers were in the range of 0.57–0.85. When poly[1‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐trimethylsilylphenyl)acetylene] was sulfonated, the sulfonated poly(diphenylacetylene) with the highest degree of sulfonation was obtained among all the polymers in this study. Its degree of sulfonation was 1.55. All the sulfonated polymers exhibited high CO₂ permselectivity, and their CO₂/N₂ separation factor were over 31. The sulfonated poly(diphenylacetylene) with the highest degree of sulfonation showed the highest CO₂/N₂ separation factor of 75. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6463–6471, 2009     

Hybird Membrane with High Proton Conductivity and Selectivity Based on SPEEK for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Composite membranes based on sulfonated silica/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)(SPEEK) were prepared by means of sol-gel method so as to gain a high conductivity and reasonable methanol permeability.The sulfonated silica is generated in situ via the hydrolysis of sulfonated 3-anminopropyl triethoxysilane(KH550) synthesized newly from 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and 1,4-butane sultone.The membrane with a silica mass fraction of 5% exhibits a conductivity of 0.187 S/cm at 80 °C and a methanol coefficient with 9.72×10-7 cm2/s.The composite membranes show improved condutive ability and better selectivity that can be promisingly used in direct methanol fuel cell.     

Synthesis and properties of sulfonated polyimides from homologous sulfonated diamines bearing bis(aminophenoxyphenyl)sulfone

Three homologous sulfonated diamines bearing a bis(aminophenoxyphenyl)sulfone structure, namely, bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone‐3,3′‐disulfonic acid (pBAPPS‐3DS), bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (pBAPPS‐2DS), and bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)‐2‐(3‐sulfobenzoyl)phenyl]sulfone (pBAPPS‐2DSB), were synthesized. A series of sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) were synthesized from 1,4,5,8‐naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, these sulfonated diamines, and nonsulfonated diamines, and their properties were investigated in comparison with those reported for the SPIs from another homologous diamine or bis[4‐(3‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone‐3,3′‐disulfonic acid (mBAPPS‐3DS). These SPIs were soluble in common aprotic solvents and showed reasonably high proton conductivity, except for pBAPPS‐2DS‐based SPIs, the conductivity of which was slightly lower because of the lower water uptake. The water stability of these SPIs considerably depended on the structure of the sulfonated diamines and was in the order of pBAPPS‐2DSB ≈ pBAPPS‐2DS > pBAPPS‐3DS ? mBAPPS‐3DS. Their water stability was much lower than that of the SPIs from 4,4′‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)biphenyl‐3,3′‐disulfonic acid. The reason was discussed on the basis of the basicity of the sulfonated diamine and the solubility property of the SPIs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2797–2811, 2007     

Immobilization of aminophenylboronic acid on magnetic beads for the direct determination of glycoproteins by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry

Aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) has been immobilized on magnetic beads for the direct determination of glycoprotein by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionizaton time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). An APBA layer was formed on the surface of carboxylic acid terminated magnetic beads by coupling with carbodiimide and subsequently reacted with an N-hydroxysuccinimide moiety. The immobilized APBA was identified by MALDI-TOF-MS without a matrix. Glycoproteins, such as HbA1c, fibrinogen, or RNase B were separated and desalted using APBA magnetic beads by simply washing the magnetic beads and then separating them by external magnet. Proteins can be identified by direct determination of proteins on beads on MALDI plate and confirmed again by peptide mass finger printing after digestion of proteins on magnetic beads by trypsin. Fluorescence image with a FITC tagging protein using confocal laser microscopy showed the difference of immobilization efficiency between glycoproteins and nonglycoproteins. The methods developed within this work allow the simple treatment and enrichment of glycoproteins as well as direct determination of proteins on beads by MALDI-TOF-MS.     

Quartz crystal biosensor for detection of sugars and glycated hemoglobin

3-Aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) was used for construction of affinity mass sensors for determination of saccharides and glycated hemoglobin using complexation reaction with diol groups. Two approaches were tested for the bioligand layer fabrication—incorporation of APBA inside a thicker matrix and immobilization as a self-assembled monolayer, respectively. The direct affinity sensor with APBA embeded in the structure of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked bovine serum albumine provided linear response to mono- and dissacharides in the range from 0.1 to 15.0 mg/ml. This biosensor was also used for kinetic analysis of the interaction of boronic acid with diols; the values of association and dissociation constants were determined. The sensors with a monolayer of boronic groups were better suited for binding of glycated hemoglobin, probably due to improved steric access to the ligand.     

Synthesis of Poly(anilineboronic acid) Nanofibers for Electrochemical Detection of Glucose

Poly(anilineboronic acid) (PABA) nanofibers with U‐shaped and ring‐shaped morphologies have been synthesized successfully by chemical polymerization of 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and NaF. The morphologies and sizes of PABA nanofibers can be controlled by adjusting the synthetic parameters, such as the concentrations of CTAB and APBA. The U‐shaped PABA nanofibers exhibit excellent electrochemical redox activity and high sensitive detection of D ‐glucose in phosphate‐buffered saline stock solution (pH 7.4) because of their high effective surface area as well as the high density of boronic acid groups.

     

磺化聚苯醚离聚体的合成及溶液性质研究

合成一系列磺化度的磺化PPO(S-PPO),以磺化度为20.9mol％的S-PPO的钠盐和锂盐为代表,研究其在四氢呋喃/甲醇混合溶剂中的离聚体行为。结果表明,S-PPO离聚体在溶液中的链聚集状态与聚合物浓度、反离子半径和温度密切相关。     

Sulfonated poly(fluorene-co-sulfone)ether membranes containing perfluorocyclobutane groups for fuel cell applications

A new class of sulfonated poly(fluorene-co-sulfone)ether membranes containing perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) groups were synthesized and characterized in terms of their electrochemical properties as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Two monomers, 9,9-bis(4-trifluorovinyloxyphenyl)fluorene and 4,4′-sulfonyl-bis(trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl were synthesized and statistically copolymerized by thermal [2π + 2π] cycloaddition to yield a series of polymers containing 0–60 mol% of fluorenyl content (PFS-X). The copolymers were then sulfonated using chlorosulfonic acid to afford five kinds of ionomers with different sulfonation levels (SPFS-X), which were cast into membranes and analyzed in terms of electrochemical properties. It was found that the ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, proton conductivity and methanol permeability values of SPFS-X increased with the increment of the sulfonated fluorenyl content. The proton conductivities of SPFS-50 and -60 with high IECs and water uptake values were higher than those of Nafion-115 between 25 and 80 °C. The methanol permeability of SPFS-X was considerably lower than that of Nafion-115.