6,6’-二氧-3,3’-二四联氮自由基及其衍生物不同构象 NLO性质的DFT研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT) UB3LYP和有限场(FF)方法, 探讨了6,6’-二氧-3,3’-二四联氮自由基及其衍生物构象变化对非线性光学性质的影响, 分析了自由基分子极化率、二阶超极化率对构象、自旋多重度的依赖关系. 结果表明, 不同构象下各体系有效交换积分值都小于零, 自由基间表现为反铁磁性耦合. 各体系单三态不同构象时极化率α值的变化很小, 且不同构象时单重态的α值都大于三重态. 在构象变化过程中, 体系(a)和(b)单重态的二阶超极化率均为负值(体系(a)的45°和135°除外), 且绝对值都小于三重态的二阶超极化率值, 体系(c)的单三重态二阶超极化率值均为正值, 且在分子接近平面构型时, 三重态的γ值大于单重态. 不同的取代基R, 对体系的构型、极化率和二阶超极化率的影响也不同.     

1,3-D,A取代方酸极化率和一阶超极化率的从头算研究

本文在RHF／6-311 G(3d，2p)水平上，对一系列1，3取代方酸衍生物的几何构型进行了全优化，得到分子最稳定构型，并用CPHF方法计算了分子线性极化率和一阶超极化率，分析了取代基对分子线性和非线性光学性质的影响。     

联吖叮氮氧自由基体系及其衍生物NLO性质的密度泛函理论研究

以实验合成的联吖叮氮氧自由基分子为母体, 设计了7个自由基分子. 采用密度泛函理论(DFT) UB3LYP/6-31g(d,p)方法对这些自由基分子不同自旋态的稳定性和非线性光学(NLO)系数进行计算. 结果表明, 联吖叮氮氧自由基分子及其衍生物三重态为稳定基态, 符合自旋极化规则. 引入给吸电子取代基使自由基体系的极化率αs与二阶超极化率γs值有所增大, 且基团的给吸电子能力越强, αs和γs值增加越明显; 对于一阶超极化率βtot, 自由基体系处于单重态时, 取代基的影响较大. 所有自由基分子三重态的NLO系数都小于单重态, 表明可以通过控制体系的自旋多重度来调节体系的NLO性质.     

双咪唑苯和双三唑苯及其衍生物非线性光学性质的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的UB3LYP(B3LYP)/6-31+G**方法对双咪唑苯和双三咪唑苯双自由基及其衍生物几何结构进行优化,并结合有限场(FF)方法计算这些体系的非线性光学(NLO)系数.结果表明,引入给、受体取代基都能使体系的极化率α和二阶超极化率γ增大.在双自由基体系中,引入给体NH2的α和γ值大于引入受体NO2的值,与闭壳层体系中结果相反.分析自由基成分和电荷对体系的二阶超极化率γ影响的结果表明,处于中间双自由基成分的分子比相似共轭性的闭壳层分子有更大的二阶超极化率γ;带电荷的双自由基体系引入给、受体之后,与中性自由基体系相比具有更大的二阶超极化率γ.     

双噻唑苯二聚体自由基分子的极化率与二阶超极化率的理论研究

采用量子化学UMP2/6-31G(d,p)方法优化双噻唑苯二聚体自由基分子的几何结构,以0.05nm为单位步长拉长与缩短2分子片之间的距离,选取5个点,采用DFTUB3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法,对双噻唑苯二聚体自由基分子的极化率和二阶超极化率进行理论计算.结果表明,自由基体系的单重态为相对稳定状态.在完全重叠的体系中,在单、三重态时极化率都随着2分子片间距离的增大而增加;三重态时二阶超极化率的绝对值随着2分子片间距离的增大而增大.部分重叠的体系,单重态时极化率随2分子片距离的增大而减小;三重态时,二阶超极化率的绝对值随着2分子片间距离的增大而增大.     

咪唑氧自由基分子NLO性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT) UB3LYP方法, 在6-31g(d)水平上对2,2’-(1,2-乙炔基-4,1-亚苯基)双[4,4’,5,5’-四氢]咪唑氧自由基分子及其异构体的自旋耦合性质进行分析, 并结合有限场(FF)方法计算它们的非线性光学(NLO)系数, 以探讨咪唑氧环在共轭链不同位置时体系的自旋耦合规律和NLO系数. 结果表明, 所有体系基态自旋符合自旋极化规则, 它们的极化率随自旋多重度的增加而减小; 一阶超极化率因受分子对称性影响, 对称性不同其一阶超极化率的变化也不同; 二阶超极化率呈现随着自旋多重度的增加而增加的趋势. 从理论上探讨这些自由基分子自旋耦合规律与NLO活性的关系, 为有机自由基NLO材料的分子设计与实验研究提供一定的理论依据.     

1,2方酸衍生物非线性光学性质的从头算研究

用CPHF方法在abinitio/4-31G+pd水平上计算了四个1,2方酸衍生物分子的线性极化率,一阶和二阶超极化率.从电荷分布,跃迁偶极矩,前沿轨道性质等方面讨论了其结构与性能的关系.研究表明,四元环作为吸电基团(A),取代基作为供电基团(D),组成了D-A-D结构,取代基的性质对分子的非性光学系数有显著影响.     

苯乙烯基噻吩单体及对应的聚脲烷的合成 及其非线性光学性能

一种新型的反式-7-［4-N,N-二(β-羟基乙基胺基苯)］-3,5-二硝基乙烯基-噻吩（HBDT）单体分子及对应的预聚物和聚脲烷被合成和表征.由于噻吩环的电子去局域化能量低于苯环,在受授有机共轭化合物中噻吩环比苯环表现出更有效的共轭和更高的非线性,同时也能使目标分子保持好的光、热稳定性.该单体分子及其对应的聚脲烷在普通有机溶剂中具有良好的可溶性,聚脲烷膜具有好的热稳定性.制备了高质量的聚脲烷膜并进行了电晕极化.单体在甲醇中的紫外可见吸收峰（530nm）与对应未经电晕极化聚脲烷膜的吸收峰基本上没有改变.通过溶剂变色法及简并四波混频（DFWM）法测试了单体的二阶和三阶非线性极化率,其β     

五元杂环分子超极化率的电子相关效应

用有限场方法在HF和MP4水平上计算呋喃、吡咯和噻吩的极化率、一阶和二阶超极化率.结果表明,电子相关效应对各阶极化率,尤其是高阶极化率影响较大.MP2计算值较HF有显著改善,一阶超极化率的MP2,MP3和MP4计算值依次增大,二阶超极化率的MP2和MP4值相近,而MP3值小于MP2.呋喃、吡咯和噻吩的各阶极化率在各级微扰中均具有与HF水平上一致的相对大小顺序.     

氟代十二顶点碳硼烷结构和非线性光学性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,计算并分析了四氟取代十二顶点碳硼烷及其衍生物的结构和非线性光学(NLO)性质.结果表明,改变四氟碳硼烷取代基的共轭性或给吸电子能力,会使分子中碳硼笼原子间距离发生改变.碳硼烷取代基的给吸电子能力越强,其偶极矩越大.分子极化率随取代基共轭性和体积的增加而增大.引入强吸电子基或增加四氟碳硼烷取代基的共轭性,可使其二阶NLO响应明显增强.通过分析分子的电子光谱和对应的分子轨道组成可知,第一超极化率最大的分子4a’发生碳硼笼到并苯取代基的电荷转移.     

Nucleotides. Part LXXI

A new labelling technique attaching fluorescein via a carbamoyl linker directly to the amino groups of the nucleobases was developed. The amino groups were first converted to the phenoxycarbonyl derivatives (→ 10, 15, 19, 58 ), which reacted under mild conditions with 5‐aminofluorescein to give the corresponding N‐[(fluorescein‐5‐ylamino)carbonyl] derivatives (→ 11 – 14, 16, 17, 20, 59, 60 ). The introduction of the 5‐aminofluorescein residue into properly protected adenylyl‐adenosine dimers (→ 39, 40 ) and trimer (→ 50 ) worked well, and final deprotection of these uniformly blocked precursors led on treatment with DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene), in one step to dimer 41 and trimer 51 . Synthesis of an appropriately protected monomeric phosphoramidite building block (→ 75 ) was more difficult, since introduction of the 2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethyl residue into the fluorescein moiety in 59 led mainly to trisubstitution to give 61 including the urea function. Formation of the adenylyl dimer 66 and trimer 67 proceeded in the usual manner by phosphoramidite chemistry; however, deprotection of 67 with DBU was incomplete since the O‐alkyl group at the urea moiety was found to be very stable. Finally, the appropriate phosphoramidite building block 75 could be synthesized by the sequence 59 → 72 → 73 → 74 → 75 . The phosphoramidite 75 was used for the synthesis of dimer 77 and trimer 79 by solution chemistry, as well as for that of various oligonucleotides by the machine‐aided approach on solid support carrying the fluorophore at different positions of the chain (→ 84 – 87 ). The attachment of the fluorescein fluorophor via a short carbamoyl linker onto the 6‐amino group of 2′‐deoxyadenosine enables such molecules to function very well in fluorescence‐polarization experiments.     

Mechanistic studies of the oxidative coupling polymerization of phenols. VI. Comparison of reactivities of DMP,PPO-dimer,and -trimer in the copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling polymerization

In the oxidative coupling polymerization, catalyzed by copper-amine complexes, the oxidation rates of 2,6-dimethylphenol (DMP) and its C? O-coupled dimer [4-(2′,6′-dimethylphenoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenol] and trimer [4-(-4′-(2″,6″-dimethylphenoxy)-2′,6′-dimethylphenoxy))-2,6-dimethylphenol] have been determined. The DMP concentration dependence shows a Michaelis–Menten-type behavior. On the other hand, the dimer and trimer showed a first-order rate-dependence in the respective phenol concentrations. This indicates that the slow reaction step, following an equilibrium complex formation between DMP and copper complex, is relatively fast for both the dimer and the trimer. Therefore, coordination of dimer or trimer to the copper complex appears to be rate-determining. Furthermore, the dimer and trimer gave overall reaction rates approximately eight times higher than found for DMP. Following the Flory principle of equal reactivity for functional groups of oligomers in polycondensations, all PPO oligomers can be assumed to have equally high oxidation rates as the dimer and trimer. The yield of undesired DPQ side product is strongly reduced when starting with the dimer (0.18%), or trimer (0.17%), compared to 3.3% for DMP. This is not unexpected, since DPQ can only be formed from two monomeric DMP residues. In fact, using a 1/10 molar mixture of dimer/DMP already results in a DPQ yield of only 1.7%. Furthermore, when starting from DMP, it has been observed that DPQ was predominantly formed during the first 30% conversion. Starting from dimer (or trimer) DPQ was formed at an almost constant very low rate during the whole course of the reaction. From these experiments it can be concluded that the most important polymerization reaction involves oxidation of copper-coordinated DMP anion to its corresponding cations, followed by coupling with a copper coordinated PPO chain.     

Competition between hydrogen bonding and dispersion interactions in the indole···pyridine dimer and (indole)2···pyridine trimer studied in a supersonic jet

Structures of the indole···pyridine dimer and (indole)2···pyridine trimer have been investigated in a supersonic jet using resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) and IR-UV double resonance spectroscopic techniques combined with quantum chemistry calculations. R2PI spectra of the dimer and the trimer recorded by electronic excitation of the indole moiety show that the red-shift in the band origin of the dimer with respect to the 0(0)(0) band of the monomer is larger compared to that of the trimer. The presence of only one conformer in the case of both the dimer and the trimer has been confirmed from IR-UV hole-burning spectroscopy. The structures of the dimer and the trimer have been determined from resonant ion dip infrared (RIDIR) spectra combined with ab initio as well as DFT/M05-2X and DFT/M06-2X calculations. It has been found that the dimer, observed in the experiment, has a V-shaped geometry stabilized by N–H···N and C–H···N hydrogen bonding interactions, as well as C–H···π and π···π dispersion interactions. The geometry of the trimer has been found to be a cyclic one stabilized by N–H···N, N–H···π, C–H···π, and C–H···N interactions. The most important finding of this current study is the observation of the mixed dimer and trimer, which are stabilized by hydrogen bonding as well as dispersion interactions.     

聚氧乙烯醚型表面活性剂的合成及表面性质

合成了一系列不同聚合度的聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型非离子表面活性剂, 通过红外光谱和核磁共振等手段对其结构进行表征, 用表面张力法对合成产物的表面性能进行研究. 结果表明, 随着表面活性剂分子中亲水基团环氧乙烷(EO)片段的增加, 单体、 二聚体和三聚体的临界胶束浓度(cmc)值都逐渐增大, 当EO数目相同时, 单体、 二聚体和三聚体的cmc值依次明显降低. 二聚体与三聚体都显示出很好的表面性质, 其中三聚体的表面性质比二聚体表面性能更优. 在空气/水表面二聚体和三聚体比单体的排列更加紧密, 表现出更好的吸附和分散性能.     

Phenoxyaluminium compounds : VI. Mass spectral investigation of the association of dimethylaluminium phenoxide

The mass spectra of Me₂AlOPh dimer and trimer were recorded. A skeleton fragmentation was mainly observed at low temperature. Higher temperature spectra (of the trimer) have many more peaks were only partly assigned. The spectrum of the trimer indicates the presence of ions with at least 5 aluminium atoms. Based on these ions the existence of higher associated intermediates in the reassociation reaction trimer » dimer is proposed.     

Density Functional Theory Study of Hydrogen Bonds of Bipyridine with 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid

The hydrogen‐bonded dimer and trimer formed between 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid and bipyridine have been investigated using a density functional theory (DFT) method and 6‐31++G** basis set. The interaction energies are ?45.783 and ?89.998 kJ·mol^?1 for the most stable dimer and trimer, respectively, after the basis set superposition error and zero‐point corrections. The formation of O–H...N hydrogen bonds makes O–H symmetric stretching modes in the dimer and trimer red‐shifted relative to those of the 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid monomer. The natural bond orbit analysis shows that the inter‐molecular charge transfers are 0.60475e and 1.20225e for the dimer and trimer, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the formation of trimer is an exothermic and spontaneous process at low and room temperature. A supramolecule can be constructed through the strong N···H–O intermolecular hydrogen bonds between bipyridine and 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Determining the dissociation threshold of ammonia trimers from action spectroscopy of small clusters

Infrared-action spectroscopy of small ammonia clusters obtained by detecting ammonia fragments from vibrational predissociation provides an estimate of the dissociation energy of the trimer. The product detection uses resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of individual rovibrational states of ammonia identified by simulations using a consistent set of ground-electronic-state spectroscopic constants in the PGOPHER program. Comparison of the infrared-action spectra to a less congested spectrum measured in He droplets [M. N. Slipchenko, B. G. Sartakov, A. F. Vilesov, and S. S. Xantheas, J. Phys. Chem. A 111, 7460 (2007)] identifies the contributions from the dimer and the trimer. The relative intensities of the dimer and trimer features in the infrared-action spectra depend on the amount of energy available for breaking the hydrogen bonds in the cluster, a quantity that depends on the energy content of the detected fragment. Infrared-action spectra for ammonia fragments with large amounts of internal energy have almost no trimer component because there is not enough energy available to break two bonds in the cyclic trimer. By contrast, infrared-action spectra for fragments with low amounts of internal energy have a substantial trimer component. Analyzing the trimer contribution quantitatively shows that fragmentation of the trimer into a monomer and dimer requires an energy of 1700 to 1800 cm(-1), a range that is consistent with several theoretical estimates.     

Anthracene-Porphyrin Nanoribbons

π-Conjugated nanoribbons attract interest because of their unusual electronic structures and charge-transport behavior. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of fully edge-fused porphyrin-anthracene oligomeric ribbons (dimer and trimer), together with a computational study of the corresponding infinite polymer. The porphyrin dimer and trimer were synthesized in high yield, via oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of singly linked precursors, using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH). The crystal structure of the dimer shows that the central π-system is flat, with a slight S-shaped wave distortion at each porphyrin terminal. The extended π-conjugation causes a dramatic red-shift in the absorption spectra: the absorption maxima of the fused dimer and trimer appear at 1188 nm and 1642 nm, respectively (for the nickel complexes dissolved in toluene). The coordinated metal in the dimer was changed from Ni to Mg, using p-tolylmagnesium bromide, providing access to free-base and Zn complexes. These results open a versatile avenue to longer π-conjugated nanoribbons with integrated metalloporphyrin units.     

DFT study on cooperativity in the interactions of hydrazoic acid clusters

Density functional theory at the B3LYP level with the 6‐311G** basis set is performed to calculate the systems consisting of up to four hydrazoic acid molecules. The dimers are found to exhibit cyclic and chain structures with N … H contacts at ca. 2.1–2.7 Å. However, there are only cyclic structures with N … H contacts at ca. 2.0–2.3 Å and 2.0–2.1 Å in the trimer and tetramer, respectively. Hydrogen bond distances in the trimer and tetramer are shorter than those in the cyclic dimer as a result of the stronger interaction between molecules. The contribution of cooperative effect to the interaction energy is significant. After the correction of the basis set superposition error and zero‐point energy, the binding energies are ?10.69, ?29.34, and ?54.26 kJ·mol^?1 for the most stable dimer, trimer, and tetramer, respectively. The calculated IR shifts for N? H stretching mode increase with the size of the cluster growths, reaching more than 200 cm^?1 in the tetramer. For the most stable clusters, the transition from the monomer to dimer, dimer to trimer, and trimer to tetramer involve changes of ?14.40, ?25.68, and ?31.88 kJ·mol^?1 for the enthalpies at 298.15 K and 1atm, respectively. We also perform Mulliken populations analysis and find the Mulliken populations on intermolecular N … H increasing in the sequence of the dimer, trimer, and tetramer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 279–286, 2003     

Triply fused Zn(II)-porphyrin oligomers: synthesis, properties, and supramolecular interactions with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)

The photophysical, electrochemical, and self-assembly properties of a novel triply fused Zn(II)-porphyrin trimer were investigated and compared to the properties of a triply fused porphyrin dimer and the analogous monomer. The trimer exhibited significantly red-shifted absorption bands relative to the corresponding monomer and dimer. Electrochemical investigations indicated a clear trend in redox properties amongst the three porphyrin structures, with the lowest oxidation potential and the lowest HOMO-LUMO gap exhibited by the triply fused trimer. This electrochemical behavior is attributed to the extensive pi-electron delocalization in the trimeric structure relative to the monomer and dimer. Additionally, it was found that the trimer forms extremely strong and nearly irreversible supramolecular interactions with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), resulting in stable solutions of porphyrin-nanotube complexes in THF. Formation of these complexes required the addition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to the solvent. This allowed the oligomers to make close contact with the nanotubes, enabling the formation of stable supramolecular assemblies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe the supramolecular porphyrin-nanotube complexes and revealed that the porphyrin trimer formed a uniform coating on the SWNTs. Height profiles indicated that nanotube bundles could be exfoliated into either individual tubes or very small bundles by exposure to the porphyrin trimer during sonication.