石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定茶叶中的铅

采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定了产自福建等地茶叶中的铅含量。方法的线性范围为0—80μg/L，回收率达91．7％-101．5％，相对标准偏差1．47％-3．88％。茶样检测结果表明，铅合格率为92．0％；不同茶类铅含量前3位由高到低依次为绿茶，乌龙茶，红茶；各类茶铅含量平均值为1．069mg／kg。     

高灵敏示波电位动力学分析法测定茶单宁

本文利用KBrO3和KBr的氧化还原反应与茶单宁的溴代反应间的速度差异，将动力学分析法与示波电位法结合起来，提出了测定痕量茶单宁的新方法。在0．032mol／LHCl介质中，KBrO3和KBr浓度为0．0005和0．001mol／L时，方法的检出限为3．8μg／L，相对标准偏差为2．8％。调整上述试剂浓度，可使测定范围延伸几个数量级（从ng级到mg级）。该方法灵敏、简便、快速，且不受颜色等干扰。用于饮料、体液和茶树样品中茶单宁的测定，结果与酒石酸铁比色法相差—7．9％～5．5％。     

茶叶对水中Sr^2＋吸附性能的研究

本文探讨了用甲醛处理过的茶叶对水中Sr~(2+)的吸附性能,绘制出吸附等温线,Langmuir曲线及Freundlich曲线。进行了处理茶、未处理茶、再生茶及活性炭吸附性能的比较。初步分析了吸附机理。考察了pH、Sr~(2+)浓度及Ba~(2+)、F~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸存在时处理茶对Sr~(2+)吸附能力的影响。当离子浓度在0.20～2.00 ppm时,吸附率在89.2％以上。相对标准偏差为2.2％。对吸附了Sr~(2+)的茶叶,可用0.05mol/LHCl洗脱再利用。     

锰的准液膜富集及原子吸收法测定

本文利用准液膜法与火焰原子吸收法相结合测定锰，方法的精密度为１．９％，回收率为９８．９％，可富集测定ｎｇ／ｇ级的锰。本方法已用于人发，湖水和茶中锰的分析。     

信阳废次茶残渣对Au（Ⅱ）的吸附研究

研究了信阳废次茶对Ａｕ（Ⅲ）的吸附作用。考察了温度、酸度及时间等对吸附的影响。并比较了原茶和提取过有效后余下的茶残渣对Ａｕ（Ⅲ）的吸附作用。实验结果表明，信阳废次原茶与茶残渣对金都有很强的吸附性能，茶残渣于原茶，且具有吸附速度快，吸附率高，温度影响小等特点。     

用双波长薄层色谱扫描法测定糖脂双降茶中菝契皂甙元的含量

应用双波长薄层色谱扫描法糖脂双降茶中菝契皂甙元的含量,回收率为98.18％,相对标准偏差为2.54％,相关系数为0 9977.该法糖脂双降茶中菝契皂甙元的含量,操作简便、结果稳定、重复性好,可作为质量检验的一个定量方法。     

市售茶叶对水中镉铅锶的吸附

本文探讨了国产茶叶(市售安徽产绿茶)对水中Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Sr~(2+)的吸附特性。考察了抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、草酸等存在下,茶叶对水中Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)吸附能力的影响。于一定pH时及相同操作条件下,用60℃烘干碎成80目的茶,对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)分别进行了11及7次测定,其吸附率均值Pb~(2+)86.9％,Cd~(2+)为41.3％,相对标准偏差是2.3％及2.7％。用未烘干粉碎的市售茶,对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)分别进行7及6次测定,吸附率均值为96.4％及62.3％,相对标准偏差为1.8％及1.9％。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定血清中茶碱、苯妥英钠、苯巴比妥及卡马西平的药物浓度

报道了用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时测定血清中茶减、苯妥莫纳、苯巴比妥及卡马西平的药物浓度。实验条件:Nova-PahC18柱，流动相为甲醇-水（1:1，V／V），检测波长210nm，流速为1mL／min，萃取液为级访-异丙醇（95:5，V／V）。方法具有灵敏（10-9）、准确（回收率在97％～105％之间）、快速（7min）等特点，对临床血药浓度监测有实际应用价值。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定血清中茶碱、苯妥英钠、苯巴比妥及卡马西平的药物浓度

 报道了用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时测定血清中茶减、苯妥莫纳、苯巴比妥及卡马西平的药物浓度。实验条件:Nova-PahC18柱，流动相为甲醇-水（1:1，V／V），检测波长210nm，流速为1mL／min，萃取液为级访-异丙醇（95:5，V／V）。方法具有灵敏（10-9）、准确（回收率在97％～105％之间）、快速（7min）等特点，对临床血药浓度监测有实际应用价值。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定嘌呤、嘧啶类化合物

用反相高效液相色谱法同时分离和测定了胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、腺嘌呤、茶碱和咖啡因等５种结构相似的生物碱基。方法简便、快速,用于茶样中咖啡因的测定,标准加入回收率在９５．６９％～１０４．２０％之间。     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

茶叶中高氯酸盐检测方法研究进展

茶叶中新型污染物高氯酸盐在近年来受到越来越多的关注,相应的检测技术也在不断加强.参考国内外文献,综述了茶叶中高氯酸盐的检测方法.目前,茶叶中高氯酸盐的检测方法主要有离子色谱法（IC）、离子色谱-质谱法（IC-MS）和高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS-MS）.比较了不同检测方法的局限性和优越性,重点比较了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法不同前处理方法、净化小柱和检测条件的优劣,对茶叶高氯酸盐检测技术的发展和研究进行了展望,为检测茶叶中高氯酸盐的新材料研发和检测新标准的建立提供理论依据.     

Production of radicals in the ozonolysis of propene in air

Radical production in the ozonolysis of propene in air was monitored directly by a peroxy radical chemical amplification (PERCA) instrument at room temperature (298±2 K) and atmospheric pressure (1×105 Pa). The ozonolysis reactions were conducted in a flow tube under pseudo-first-order conditions for ozone. The decay in ozone was calculated based on reaction time tr and effective rate constant keff (keff = k1[C3H6]0)) for the ozone-propene reaction. The total radical yields relative to consumed ozone were d...     

成都西部金马地区土壤微量元素特征研究

对成都平原西部金马镇深层土壤取样分析,研究了具有指示意义的几种微量元素富集情况,揭示了土壤原生地球化学环境质量;通过异常信息的筛选,分析了各元素异常反映的地球化学及地质信息.     

超临界流体萃取技术在提取中药挥发油中的应用

用超监介CO2流体萃取技术对多种中药挥发油的提取进行了综述,并将其与传统的水蒸馏法进行比较。结果表明,用超临界流体法不仅挥发油的收率高,而且提取时间也大大缩短。     

Formation of disperse ferromagnetic nanoparticles in zeolites in the course of thermal activation in oxygen

Samples of synthetic high-silica zeolites after high-temperature activation in oxygen are studied by ferromagnetic resonance. Observation of the fine structure of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR FS) indicates the formation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the course of thermal treatment of zeolites in oxygen. Features of the formation of a dispersed ferromagnetic phase in zeolites, geometric and magnetic characteristics of constituent nanoparticles are discussed.     

ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物中铀的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)对铀污染土壤植物中铀的测定方法进行了研究.在λU385.958 nm处,选择了仪器的最佳工作条件,考察了酸度和常见共存元素对测定的干扰情况,并且对比了干灰化消解和湿式消解对测定的影响.研究发现2%硝酸溶液为最佳介质,干扰离子对测定没有显著影响,干灰化消解比湿式消解得彻底.在选定条件下,方法检出限为0.18 mg·L-1,测定下限为0.61 mg·L-1,5.0000 mg·L-1的铀标准溶液的相对标准偏差RSD(n=10)为0.81%,方法回收率为96.2%～106.2%.该方法操作简单,快速.结果表明,用ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物样品中的铀是可行的.     

测定血清中Na 含量不确定度的评定

对血清中Na离子含量的测量不确定度进行评定。不确定度的来源主要包括Na离子标准工作液的配制过程、血清样品的定容消化制备、标准曲线拟合、钠离子各分量不确定度的合成等引入的不确定度计算出各分量的不确定度,通过合成得到测量结果的合成不确定度、扩展不确定度及测试结果的报告形式。     

微反应在化学课堂情感态度与价值观目标评定中的应用

《普通高中化学课程标准（实验）》把情感、态度与价值观作为重要的教学目标提出来,并提出了相应的评定建议,但是没有一个具体的、客观的评定方式。人们内心的情感、态度与价值观在受到有效刺激时,可以通过外显的微反应表达出来。在化学课堂教学中,教师可以采用微反应来评定第3维目标的达成情况。在运用微反应评定时,要求教师具有敏锐的观察力、综合分析的能力和“一心二用”的能力,且按确定观察目的、制定观察记录表、观察记录、评定4个步骤进行。     

Photoisomerisation in single molecules of nitroprusside embedded in mesopores of xerogels

Photoswitchable hybrid materials are successfully prepared by embedding guanidinium nitroprussides (GuNP, (CN₃H₆)₂[Fe(CN)₅NO]) into mesopores of transparent xerogel monoliths. The such prepared hybrid materials exhibit a higher photostability than the corresponding GuNP solutions, whereby the chemical stability of the [Fe(CN)₅NO]²⁻-anion in titania gel is nearly infinite. By irradiation with light in the blue-green spectral range one nitrosyl isomer is formed by a 180° rotation of the NO ligand changing the Fe–NO into a Fe–ON coordination (SI), which is detected by the shift of the ν(NO) stretching vibration from 1945 cm⁻¹ (Fe–NO) to 1820  cm⁻¹ (Fe–ON). Consequently there is enough space around the NO-ligand for such movement in xerogel mesopores. The embedding in silica xerogels increases the achievable population of the isomeric nitrosyl configuration to about 15% with respect to a single crystalline powder where only 9% are reached.