(La_(0.2)Pr_(0.8))_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)CoO_3/Nb-SrTiO_3异质结的光伏特性研究

利用固相反应法制备了稀土掺杂钙钛矿(La_(0.2)Pr_(0.8))_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)CoO_3靶材,并采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术,在n型0.7%Nb-SrTiO_3(100)单晶衬底上制备了(La_(0.2)Pr_(0.8))_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)CoO_3薄膜样品。实验表明所形成的(La_(0.2)Pr_(0.8))_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)CoO_3/Nb-SrTiO_3异质结具有良好的整流特性和明显的光生伏特效应。在室温下,相同光强的调制脉冲激光激励下,波长为473 nm时,异质结产生的光生电压最大值为67 mV;波长532 nm时,光生电压最大值为33 mV。光生电压的最大值随着温度的降低而增加,而光生电压上升沿和下降沿的时间常数随着温度升高减小,分析表明这主要与异质结中热激发载流子浓度与迁移率有关。     

钴系钙钛矿型复合氧化物A、B位的部分置换对缺陷结构与催化活性的影响

合成了La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.6)M_(0.4)0_3系列和Ln_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)CoO_3系列单相钙钛矿型复合氧化物。用程序升温脱附法研究了置换金属离子对氧的吸附-脱附特性的影响,并考察了置换金属离子对CH_4,n-C_4H_(10)的完全氧化催化活性的影响。对于La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.6)M_(0.4)0_3系列,氧的吸附-脱附特性由置换金属离子的价态和氧化还原性所决定。容易生成非常原子价态的金属离子的置换有利于氧在晶格氧空位上的吸附,催化活性受置换金属氧化物自身活性的影响。对于Ln_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)CoO_3系列,氧的吸附-脱附特性由稀土离子半径决定,离子半径小有利于氧的吸附,催化活性与吸附(脱附)氧量的变化规律一致。     

La_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)Ni_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3在乙醇水蒸气重整中催化性能研究

用共沉淀法制备了La_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)Ni_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3钙钛矿氧化物催化剂,用XRD、SEM、TPR、TG等对La_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)Ni_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3钙钛矿氧化物的晶相结构、还原性能及反应50 h后的La_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)Ni_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3钙钛矿氧化物表面积碳情况进行了分析,同时用微反色谱装置在不同的反应温度条件下的La_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)Ni_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3钙钛矿氧化物的初活性、氢气平均选择性和积碳性能进行了探讨。结果表明,La_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)Ni_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_3钙钛矿氧化物在乙醇水蒸气重整反应中具有较好的低温初活性和氢气的选择性,乙醇的平均转化率和氢气的选择性随着反应温度的升高而增大。当温度大于550℃时,转化率增幅不大,氢气的平均选择性在600℃时有所下降。反应温度升高催化剂的积碳量有所增多,积碳主要是不定型碳。     

LaSrCo_(0.9)B'_(0.1)O_4复合氧化物制备、氧化性能及表征

采用聚丙烯酰胺法制备了类钙钛矿LaSrCo0.9B'0.1O4系列复合氧化物(B'=Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu)和LaSrCoO4,并考察了对CO和C3H8催化氧化反应的活性,运用XRD、BET、TEM、TPD等方法对LaSrCo0.9Ni0.1O4、LaSrCoO4进行了表征.结果表明,LaSrCo0.9Ni0.1O4和LaSrCoO4都为四方K2NiF4型纳米材料.Ni的掺入提高了LaSrCoO4的催化活性、O的吸附量和晶格畸变率,降低了平均晶粒度.     

固-溶法制备中温固体氧化物燃料电池高性能La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3-Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_3阴极（英文）

研究了新型固溶法合成La0.8Sr0.2MnO3(LSM)包覆Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3(BSCF)复合粉体(LSM-BSCF),并探讨了其作为中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料的电化学性能.LSM-BSCF阴极结合了LSM和BSCF阴极的优点,不仅增大了三相界面,而且稳定了微观结构.当温度为600儃750°C时,其极化阻抗为0.61儃0.09Ω·cm2.与溶液注入法制备的高性能电极相比,极大地提高了性能稳定性.     

Mn_xCo_(2.5-x)Al_(0.5)O_4尖晶石型三元复合氧化物催化分解N_2O(英文)

用溶胶凝胶法制备了一组Mn_xCo_(2.5-x)Al_(0.5)O_4尖晶石型三元复合氧化物,用于有氧气氛下的N_2O催化分解反应.用N_2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、O_2程序升温脱附(O_2-TPD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂进行了结构表征,考察了催化剂组成、母液pH、K负载量等制备参数对其催化活性的影响.结果表明:K的加入弱化了催化剂表面的金属-氧化学键,有利于表面氧物种的脱除,改性催化剂有较高的催化活性和抗水性,其中母液pH=2、K/(Mn+Co)比为0.02的K/Mn_(0.2)Co_(2.3)Al_(0. 5)O_4催化剂活性较高,该催化剂在有氧、有氧有水气氛400℃连续反应50 h,N_2O转化率分别达98.5%和76.5%.     

SBA-15表面改性及其对介孔La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)CoO_3钙钛矿型催化剂结构和性能的影响（英文）

本文通过改进的水热法制备了孔径较大的有序介孔SBA-15,其孔径(Dp)为10.1 nm,并采用浓盐酸、三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)和3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)对SBA-15表面进行了羟基、甲基和氨基改性处理。以嫁接不同表面官能团的SBA-15为模板,合成了一系列菱方晶系钙钛矿型介孔La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)CoO_3氧化物,系统地研究了模板SBA-15的表面性能对La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)CoO_3氧化物结构和性能的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)图谱表明,外表面引入―CH_3,内表面羟基化和引入―NH_2的模板有利于合成结晶度较高的、物相单一的钙钛矿结构氧化物。小角XRD图谱、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)图像以及N2吸附测试结果表明,所制备的催化剂为介孔结构。CO氧化的催化活性测试表明,采用表面改性的模板合成的La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)CoO_3氧化物表现出较高的催化活性和稳定性,在140℃时可以实现CO的完全转化,连续使用100 h后催化剂的催化活性几乎没有下降。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)和O_2程序升温脱附(O_2-TPD)测试结果表明,催化剂表面丰富的吸附氧物种,高价态的Co离子,钙钛矿结构中Sr在表面富集,及优良的低温氧化还原性是催化活性提高的主要原因。     

SCR催化剂碱(土)金属中毒的研究进展

在选择性催化还原(SCR)烟气脱硝系统中,催化剂碱(土)金属中毒和再生受到广泛关注。本文综述了SCR脱硝催化剂碱(土)金属中毒的失活机理及基于分子水平上碱金属中毒的研究新思路,并根据催化剂的各种失活机理,有针对性地综述了提高催化剂抗碱金属中毒的途径及中毒催化剂的再生方法。     

高温固体氧化物电解池钙钛矿型氧电极材料Ba_xSr_(1-x)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)结构计算与性能研究

研究和开发高性能的钙钛矿型混合电导氧化物是目前高温固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)氧电极材料研究的热点.选择BaxSr1-xCo0.8Fe0.2O3-δ系列材料,通过对材料的容差因子、关口半径、晶格自由体积等计算,以及对平均键能、B位离子的变价能力、催化活性等方面的分析,确定了A位最佳配比.对优化出的Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ材料的电化学性能进行了研究,并与自制的La0.2Sr0.8MnO3(LSM)氧电极材料进行了比较.结果表明:850℃下阳极极化阻抗(ASR)仅为0.07Ωcm2,远低于LSM;将其应用于SOEC氧电极进行高温电解制氢试验,产氢速率为相同条件下LSM的2.3倍,说明将Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ用作SOEC阳极材料具有很好的应用前景.     

钙钛矿型氧化物A(Mg、Ca、Sr)TiO_3的结构及其光催化性能研究

钙钛矿型ABO_3复合氧化物具有良好的热稳定性、催化性能、磁性、导电性以及传感等性质~([1-5]).目前钙钛矿结构复合氧化物以其优异的性能已成为光催化领域的研究热点之一~([6-9]).在钙钛矿型ABO_3复合氧化物中,A位金属可以起到稳定结构的作用,而B位金属为活性位.但是,当B位金属相同A位金属不同的一类钙钛矿型氧化物作为催化剂时,影响其光催化活性的主要因素很少见文献报道.     

纳米La0.8A’0.2Mn1-xCuxO3（A’=Ce and/or Sr）的制备、表征及其高效催化NO+CO的性能研究

采用柠檬酸-溶胶凝胶法制得钙钛矿型复合氧化物La0.8Ce0.2Mn1-xCuxO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4),La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.6Cu0.4O3,La0.8Ce0.1Sr0.1Mn0.6 Cu0.4 O3,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其进行表征,测试了复合氧化物对CO+NO的催化活性。结果表明:La0.8Ce0.1Sr0.1Mn0.6Cu0.4O3催化活性最好,150℃时CO转化率91.8%,300℃时NO转化率100%;对于La0.8Ce0.2Mn1-xCuxO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4),比表面积和颗粒的大小及分散度是影响催化活性的主要因素;对于La0.8Ce0.2Mn0.6Cu0.4O3,La0.8 Sr0.2 Mn0.6 Cu0.4 O3,La0.8 Ce0.1 Sr0.1 Mn0.6 Cu0.4 O3,催化剂的组成是影响催化活性的关键因素。     

Catalytic reduction of NO_x by CO on hydro-talcites-derived mixed oxides Co AIM and MgAlM (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)

Two series of mixed oxides, CoAlM and MgAlM (M= Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) , were prepared by calcining their corresponding hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLc) . The ratio of Mg: Al: M (or Co: Al: M) was 3:1:1. The catalytic activity of all samples for the reaction of NO CO was investigated. The results showed that the activity of CoAlM was much higher than that of MgAlM. The structure and the property of redox were characterized by XRD and H2-TPR. The results indicated that only MgO phase was observed after calcining MgAlM hydrotalcites, and the transition metals became more stable. The spinel-like phase appeared in all of CoAlM samples after the calcination, and the transition metals were changed to be more active, and easily reduced . The activities of three series of mixed oxides CoAlCu obtained from different preparation methods, different ratio of Co:Al:Cu and at different calcination temperatures, were studied in detail for proposing the mechanism of reaction. The ability of adsorption of NO and CO     

Catalytic reduction of NOx by CO on hydrotalcites-derived mixed oxides CoAlM and MgAlM (M=Cr,Mn, Fe,Co, Ni,Cu)

Two series of mixed oxides, GIAlM and MgAlM (M= G, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), were prepared by calcining their corresponding hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLc). The ratio of Mg: Al: M (or Co: Al: M) was 3:1:1. The catalytic activity of all samples for the reaction of NO + CO was investigated. The results showed that the activity of CoAlM was much higher than that of MgAlM. The structure and the property of redox were characterized by XRD and H₂-TPR. The results indicated that only MgO phase was observed after calcining MgAlM hydrotalcites, and the transition metals became more stable. The spinel-like phase appeared in all of CoAlM samples after the calcination, and the transition metals were changed to be more active, and easily reduced. The activities of three series of mixed oxides CoAlCu obtained from different preparation methods, Different ratio of Co: Al: Cu and at different calcination temperatures. were studied in detail for proposing the mechanism of reaction. The ability of adsorption of NO and CO were investigated respectively for supporting the mechanism.     

以水滑石类化合物为前体的Co-M-Al(M=过渡金属)复合氧化物 对催化消除NO~x活 性的研究

以共沉淀法制提得的水滑石类化合物为催化剂前体,经焙烧可得到一系列尖晶石类化合物Co-M-Al[M=Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu;n(Co):n(M):n(Al)=3:1:1].通过XRD,比表面测定,化学分析,NO吸附等方法对其进行表征,测定了此系列催化剂对NO催化还原和催化分解的活性,结果发现此系列催化对消除NO具有很高的活性.同时对催化消除NO的机理及过渡金属离子中d轨道电子对催化活性的影响进行了一些探讨。     

Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8材料的制备及在三效催化剂中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8(0≤x≤0.4)材料, 并对所制备的材料进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的表征, 测定了材料的比表面积(BET法)和储氧量(OSC), 同时采用氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)研究了材料的还原性能和表面酸性. 研究结果表明, Ce/Ti摩尔比大于1∶2的材料能形成立方萤石结构的固溶体, Ce/Ti摩尔比为1时, 材料表面Ce4+/Ce3+摩尔比达到最大; 随着Ce/Ti摩尔比的增大, 材料的储氧能力先增大后减小, 而TPR还原峰温则是先减小后增大, 当Ce/Ti摩尔比为1时, 材料的储氧量达到最大, 为660 μmol/g; 还原峰峰温最低, 为616 ℃. 以制备的材料为载体制备了一系列Pt/Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8三效催化剂, 并对催化剂进行了活性评价. 活性测试结果表明, 以Ce/Ti比为1的载体材料制成的催化剂对C3H8, CO和NO的起燃温度分别为236, 147和228 ℃, 表现出了优异的温度特性.     

Perovskite Oxides La0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3 for CO Oxidation and CO+NO Reduction: Effect of Redox Property and Surface Morphology

This work aims to study the effect of redox property and surface morphology of perovskite oxides on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation and CO+NO reduction, with the redox property being tuned by doping Fe at the Co site of La_0.8Sr_0.2Co_1-xFe_xO₃ and the surface morphology being modified by supporting La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ on various mesoporous silicas(i.e., SBA-16, SBA-15, MCF). Characteristic results show that the Fe doping improves the match of redox potentials, and SBA-16 is the best support of La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ when referring to the oxidation ability(e.g., the Co³⁺/Co²⁺ molar ratio). A mechanism for oxygen desorption from perovskite oxides is proposed based on O₂-TPD experiments, showing the evolution process of oxygen released from oxygen vacancy and lattice framework. Catalytic tests indicate that La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ is the best for CO oxidation, and La_0.8Sr_0.2FeO₃ is the best for CO+NO reduction. The mechanism of CO+NO reduction changes as the reaction temperature increases, with X_NO/X_CO value decreases from 2.4 at 250 ℃ to 1.0 at 400 ℃. As for the surface morphology, La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ supported on SBA-16 possesses the highest surface Co³⁺/Co²⁺ molar ratio as compared to the other two, and shows the best activity for CO oxidation.     

The Valence Orbitals of the Alkaline-Earth Atoms

Quantum chemical calculations of the alkaline-earth oxides, imides and dihydrides of the alkaline-earth atoms (Ae=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and the calcium cluster Ca₆H₉[N(SiMe₃)₂]₃(pmdta)₃ (pmdta=N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) have been carried out by using density functional theory. Analysis of the electronic structures by charge and energy partitioning methods suggests that the valence orbitals of the lighter atoms Be and Mg are the (n)s and (n)p orbitals. In contrast, the valence orbitals of the heavier atoms Ca, Sr and Ba comprise the (n)s and (n−1)d orbitals. The alkaline-earth metals Be and Mg build covalent bonds like typical main-group elements, whereas Ca, Sr and Ba covalently bind like transition metals. The results not only shed new light on the covalent bonds of the heavier alkaline-earth metals, but are also very important for understanding and designing experimental studies.     

Partial Oxidation of Methane Over the Perovskite Oxides

Introduction The conversion of methane to syngas is a very appealing route for the conversion of the large reserves of natural gas1, from which a wide variety of valuable hydrocarbons and oxygenates, such as methanol and formaldehyde, can be synthesized. A great research effort is presently being carried out on the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas2. In the present work, two oxides with the perovskite structure, Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3- and Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Ti0.2O3-?were sys…     

Study of Ba3M(II)M(IV)WO9 (M(II) = Ca, Zn; M(IV) = Ti, Zr) perovskite oxides: competition between 3C and 6H perovskite structures

We describe an investigation of Ba3MIIMIVWO9 oxides for MII = Ca, Zn, and other divalent metals and MIV = Ti, Zr. In general, a 1:2-ordered 6H (hexagonal, P63/mmc) perovskite structure is stabilized at high temperatures (1300 degrees C) for all of the Ba3MIITiWO9 oxides investigated. An intermediate phase possessing a partially ordered 1:1 double perovskite (3C) structure with the cation distribution, Ba2(Zn2/3Ti1/3)(W2/3Ti1/3)O6, is obtained at 1200 degrees C for Ba3ZnTiWO9. Sr substitution for Ba in the latter stabilizes the cubic 3C structure instead of the 6H structure. A metastable Ba3CaZrWO9 that adopts the 3C (cubic, Fmm) structure has also been synthesized by a low-temperature metathesis route. Besides yielding several new perovskite oxides that may be useful as dielectric ceramics, the present investigation provides new insights into the complex interplay of crystal chemistry (tolerance factor) and chemical bonding (anion polarization and d0-induced distortion of metal-oxygen octahedra) in the stabilization of 6H versus 3C perovskite structures for the Ba3MIIMIVWO9 series.     

Ni系ABO_3和A_2BO_4型复合氧化物的固态物化性质与NO+CO反应的催化性能

合成了具有钙钛石ＡＢＯ３结构的ＬａＮｉＯ３和Ｌａ０．１Ｓｒ０．９ＮｉＯ３及具有类钙钛石Ａ２ＢＯ４结构的Ｌａ２ＮｉＯ４和ＬａＳｒＮｉＯ４等四个Ｎｉ系复合氧化物催化剂．研究了该系列复合氧化物的晶体结构，缺陷结构，Ｂ位Ｎｉ离子的价态，氧化还原性能及对ＮＯ分子的吸附性能等固态物化性质．考察了它们对ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应的催化性能，并与ＮＯ直接分解进行了对比研究．探讨了结构因素对Ｎｉ系复合氧化物催化剂的固态物化性质及催化性能的影响．提出了ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应的反应机理．