Co—WC电极

从钴镀液中添加ＷＣ微粒复合电沉积制备Ｃｏ－ＷＣ镀层，ＷＣ微粒的加入，加快了阴极电化学反应。Ｃｏ－ＷＣ复合电极在碱性溶液中具有优越的电催化析氢性能，并经受了长期间断电解的试验，电极性能稳定。     

PbO_2－WC复合物阳极的研究

采用复合电沉积技术制备了ＷＣ微粒弥散于ＰｂＯ_２中的ＰｂＯ_２－ＷＣ复合电极，研究了相结构及在Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４介质中阳极析氧反应的性能。结果表明，与不含ＷＣ微粒的ＰｂＯ_２电极比较，ＷＣ微粒改变了ＰｂＯ_２电沉积的方式，复合电极的结晶更为细小和致密，α－ＰｂＯ_２的含量更高，晶体产生了择优取向。该复合电极在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ_２ＳＯ_４溶液中阳极析氧的电催化活性提高近１倍，其化学稳定性和电化学稳定性良好。     

PbO2—WC复合物阳极的研究

采用复合电沉积技术制备了ＷＣ微粒弥散于ＰｂＯ２中的ＰｂＯ２ＷＣ复合电极，研究了相结构及在Ｈ２ＳＯ４介质中阳极析氧反应的性能。结果表明，与不含ＷＣ微粒的ＰｂＯ２电极比较，ＷＣ微粒改变了ＰｂＯ２电沉积的方式，复合电极的结晶更为细小和致密，α－ＰｂＯ２的含量更高，晶体产生了择优取向，该复合电极在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４溶液中阳极析氧的电催化活性提高近１倍，其化学稳定性和电化学稳定性良好。     

Ni—WC复合电极的结晶结构及其电化学性能的研究

本文在优选的工艺条件下制备了Ｎｉ－ＷＣ复合电极。其ＳＥＭ观察和ＸＲＤ测试结果表明：复合电极中的Ｎｉ是以比Ｎｉ电极的Ｎｉ更微小的晶粒存在。复合电沉积过程中，导电性的ＷＣ微粒的存在，对基质金属Ｎｉ的电沉积方式产生了影响，使基质金属Ｎｉ几乎无择优取向性。采用循环伏安法对其电化学性能进行研究，实验结果表明：Ｎｉ－ＷＣ复合电极在碱性水溶液析氢反应中与Ｈ质子之间的吸附作用及吸附量高于Ｎｉ电极，对硝基苯的电还原反应具有比Ｎｉ电极更良好的催化活性。     

镍-碳化钨微粒复合电沉积机理的研究

研究了在普通镀镍溶液中导电性微粒碳化钨与基质金属镍形成复合镀层的电沉积过程，实验结果表明，导电性的ＷＣ微粒在与Ｎｉ共沉积形成Ｎｉ－ＷＣ复合镀层的过程中，也遵循Ｇｕｇｌｉｅｌｍｉ的两步吸附机理，只是在电极表面，ＷＣ微粒的弱吸附覆盖度与强吸附覆盖度的比值，较非导电性微粒的复合共沉积体系的要小得多。     

(Ni-Co)-WC复合电极的析氢催化性能

采用 复合电沉 积方法获 得了（ Ｎｉ Ｃｏ） Ｗ Ｃ 复合电极 ,考 察了 复合 电极 在弱 酸性、碱性 和中性介质 中的析 氢电催化 性能,并 在弱酸性 介质中 进行了电 化学稳定 性实验 ． 结果 表明,复 合电极具有优越 的析氢 电催化性 能和良好 的电化 学稳定性 ．     

硅钼钨杂多阴离子-聚吡咯膜修饰电极的制备及其电化学性质研究

用电位扫描方法将混配型杂多阴离子α－ ＳｉＭｏ３ Ｗ９Ｏ４０４－ （ 简写为α－ ＳｉＭｏ３Ｗ９） 催化剂固定在导电聚吡咯膜电极上,从而制得具有表面功能的α－ ＳｉＭｏ３Ｗ９ 掺杂的聚吡咯膜修饰玻碳电极．该电极具有良好的电化学活性和稳定性,并对ＮＯ２－ 的还原起电催化作用．实验结果表明,α－ ＳｉＭｏ３Ｗ９ 在膜中的还原过程由溶液中的三步单电子还原转化为一步双电子和一步单电子还原．     

铜电极上Zn—Co—P合金电沉积行为

铜电极上Ｚｎ┐Ｃｏ┐Ｐ合金电沉积行为黄清安＊陈永言邓伯华（武汉大学化学系武汉４３００７２）关键词铜电极，Ｚｎ－Ｃｏ－Ｐ合金，电沉积１９９６－０４－２３收稿，１９９６－０９－１３修回国家自然科学基金资助课题为了提高Ｚｎ层的耐蚀性，出现了含磷的锌基合金，...     

在纳米晶Co—Mo／Ni复合电极上的析氢反应

采用复合电镀的方法将不同球磨时间制备的高催化活性的纳米晶Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ合金粉直接镀在电极表面，用稳态极化曲线及交流阻抗技术测试了这些电极析氢的电化学活性，并用Ｘ射线衍射，透射电镜及Ｘ射线光电子能谱，扫描电镜监测了Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ合金粉的物相结构，晶粒尺寸和复合镀的成份，形貌，实验结果表明，Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ纳米晶合金粉有较高的析氢催化活性，球磨使钴钼粉合金化成为纳米晶，一方面增加了复合镀层的真实表面积，另一方面由于     

机械合金化Mg/MmNi5-x(CoAlMn)x复合储氢合金的组织结构与吸氢特性

运用Ｘ射线衍射、扫描电及粒度分析等方法表征了机械合金化制备Ｍｇ／ＭｎＮｉ５－ｘ（ＣｏＡｌＭｎ）ｘ复合储氢合金的结构,通过ＰＣＴ曲线研究了基储氢性能。结果表明,在适当的球磨条件下能够获得纳米晶结构的Ｍｇ／ＭｎＮｉ５－ｘ（ＣｏＡｌＭｎ）ｘ复合储氢合金,ＭｍＮｉ５－ｘ（ＣｏＡｌＭｎ）ｘ合金相彘,复合储氢合金的活化性能及储氢量有明显提高。此外,还考察了Ｍｇ含量对复合储氢合金的组织结构及储氢性能的影响。     

Electrodeposition and characterization of chromium–tungsten carbide composite coatings from a trivalent chromium bath

The electrodeposition of chromium from a trivalent chromium bath has been described in this work. The electrocomposite coatings of chromium with hard abrasive particles were investigated. The chromium–tungsten carbide (Cr? WC) composite coatings were obtained by suspending different concentrations of WC particles in a trivalent chromium plating solution to improve the various properties of the chromium deposit layers. The effect of operating conditions on the deposit layers has been studied. On the other hand, the effect of non‐ionic polymeric surfactant [nonyl phenol ethoxylate with 12 units of ethylene oxide (NPE)] as an additive in enhancing the incorporation of the WC ceramic particles in the chromium metal matrix was investigated. It was found that the co‐deposition of the WC ceramic particles depends on the concentration of the additive and its efficiency in reducing the surface tension of the electroplating solution. The mechanism of incorporation of WC particles into a growing deposit was suggested and discussed in view of the zeta potential and degree of wetability of WC particles in the plating solution. Furthermore, the adsorption behaviour of the additive on WC particles was analysed according to the Frumkin isotherm. The surface morphology and the distribution of WC in the chromium metal matrix were investigated. The properties of the deposit layers, hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance were determined and compared with free chromium deposits. The test results reveal that the Cr? WC deposit layer shows better performance compared with the chromium‐free deposit. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Small‐Sized and Contacting Pt–WC Nanostructures on Graphene as Highly Efficient Anode Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

The synergistic effect between Pt and WC is beneficial for methanol electro‐oxidation, and makes Pt–WC catalyst a promising anode candidate for the direct methanol fuel cell. This paper reports on the design and synthesis of small‐sized and contacting Pt–WC nanostructures on graphene that bring the synergistic effect into full play. Firstly, DFT calculations show the existence of a strong covalent interaction between WC and graphene, which suggests great potential for anchoring WC on graphene with formation of small‐sized, well‐dispersed WC particles. The calculations also reveal that, when Pt attaches to the pre‐existing WC/graphene hybrid, Pt particles preferentially grow on WC rather than graphene. Our experiments confirmed that highly disperse WC nanoparticles (ca. 5 nm) can indeed be anchored on graphene. Also, Pt particles 2–3 nm in size are well dispersed on WC/graphene hybrid and preferentially grow on WC grains, forming contacting Pt–WC nanostructures. These results are consistent with the theoretical findings. X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy further confirms the intimate contact between Pt and WC, and demonstrates that the presence of WC can facilitate the crystallinity of Pt particles. This new Pt–WC/graphene catalyst exhibits a high catalytic efficiency toward methanol oxidation, with a mass activity 1.98 and 4.52 times those of commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively.     

合成聚苯胺/碳化钨复合材料及聚合机理探讨

采用在原位聚合苯胺的反应介质中分散碳化钨(WC)的方法制备了掺杂聚苯胺/碳化钨(PANI/WC)复合物,并研究了苯胺在WC表面的聚合机理.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线衍射(XRD)对复合物进行了表征.结果表明,苯胺的聚合倾向于在WC颗粒表面进行,形成了PANI包覆WC的复合材料;WC粒子与PANI大分子之间存在强的相互作用,并且复合前后WC的晶型并未发生变化,WC的存在导致红外光谱有明显的蓝移现象,复合后在3446 cm-1处的红外吸收峰变得很弱;在拉曼光谱中,代表醌环C N键的伸缩振动峰红移了9 cm-1,并且强度也有很大程度提高.说明PANI与WC之间有化学键的作用,它们之间的化学键作用发生在C N键的N原子上.聚合反应优先在WC粒子表面进行,生成PANI包覆结构,并提出了PANI/WC复合物的形成机制.     

Small-sized and contacting Pt-WC nanostructures on graphene as highly efficient anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells

The synergistic effect between Pt and WC is beneficial for methanol electro-oxidation, and makes Pt-WC catalyst a promising anode candidate for the direct methanol fuel cell. This paper reports on the design and synthesis of small-sized and contacting Pt-WC nanostructures on graphene that bring the synergistic effect into full play. Firstly, DFT calculations show the existence of a strong covalent interaction between WC and graphene, which suggests great potential for anchoring WC on graphene with formation of small-sized, well-dispersed WC particles. The calculations also reveal that, when Pt attaches to the pre-existing WC/graphene hybrid, Pt particles preferentially grow on WC rather than graphene. Our experiments confirmed that highly disperse WC nanoparticles (ca. 5?nm) can indeed be anchored on graphene. Also, Pt particles 2-3?nm in size are well dispersed on WC/graphene hybrid and preferentially grow on WC grains, forming contacting Pt-WC nanostructures. These results are consistent with the theoretical findings. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy further confirms the intimate contact between Pt and WC, and demonstrates that the presence of WC can facilitate the crystallinity of Pt particles. This new Pt-WC/graphene catalyst exhibits a high catalytic efficiency toward methanol oxidation, with a mass activity 1.98 and 4.52 times those of commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively.     

稀土对WC颗粒增强铁基体复合涂层组织结构的影响

采用氩弧熔覆技术在45号钢表面制备一层稀土WC颗粒增强铁基体耐磨复合涂层。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱仪(EDS)等测试分析手段研究了稀土的引入对复合涂层中基体组织及碳化物的影响,并与未加稀土进行了比较。结果表明:引入稀土后,一方面优化了熔覆层组织中碳化物颗粒分布,降低了熔覆层组织中碳化物颗粒的团聚、桥接,且颗粒分布均匀;另一方面改善了熔覆层的组织,细化晶粒,减弱了熔覆过程中产生的树状晶,抑制了WC颗粒的溶解和鱼骨状碳化物的生成。在熔覆层组织中碳化物颗粒相主要有三种存在形式:原始未熔WC颗粒、与基体形成的复式碳化物及在凝固过程中重新结晶的W2C(或WC)。     

碳化钨负载纳米铂催化剂的制备及其析氢催化性能

以喷雾干燥处理的偏钨酸铵为前驱体, 采用CH4/H2为还原碳化气氛, 利用固定床气固反应法制备了具有介孔结构的碳化钨(WC)粉体. 然后通过浸渍法制备了Pt/WC粉末催化剂. 通过XRD和SEM等测试手段对Pt/WC粉末样品进行了表征, 结果表明, Pt颗粒平均直径约为13.5 nm, 且均匀分散在介孔结构WC载体上. 采用循环伏安和线性扫描等方法研究了酸性介质中Pt/WC粉末微电极对电化学析氢过程的电催化行为. 结果表明, 该电极对析氢反应具有很好的电催化活性和化学稳定性. 通过测试和计算, Pt/WC粉末微电极的Tafel方程中的a值为0.292 V, 属于低超电势析氢材料, 析氢交换电流密度为4.42 mA·cm-2, 与铂电极在同一个数量级上, 当超电势为250 mV时, 其析氢反应的活化能为26.20 kJ·mol-1.     

Tribological evaluation of HVOF thermal‐spray coatings as a hard chrome replacement

Hard chrome plating has been used in several different applications in industries that require abrasive sliding wear resistance, such as hydraulic pistons, shafts or bearings. However, the increasing environmental and worker safety pressures on electrolytic hard chrome are leading companies to adopt alternatives. The improvements of the high‐velocity‐oxy‐fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process allow the chromium coating replacement with a comparable or superior surface treatment and are more environmentally friendly. This HVOF process, as a flexible dry‐coating technology, avoids high‐volume waste streams and enables a flexible choice of coating material for each application. The cobalt–chromium‐cemented tungsten carbides are some of the easiest materials to spray and the WC‐10Co‐4Cr coatings have demonstrated superior performance over hard chrome with regard to mechanical and tribological properties. In this work, this coating has been deposited with a Sulzer Metco WokaJet‐400 kerosene fuel spray gun, and the spray conditions have been optimized in order to ensure the best properties of the coatings. The mechanical and tribological properties have been evaluated in coatings sprayed with four deposition conditions that involve different gas flow rates. The most wear‐resistant coating is obtained with those HVOF parameters that prevent decarburization of WC particles and, at the same time, allow an adequate agglomerate melting giving a good intersplat adhesion. The results indicate that HVOF‐sprayed WC‐CoCr coatings are a reliable alternative to electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) in the aeronautical industry to coat landing gear components. In particular, in the dry wear tests, the WC‐CoCr coatings outperform hard chrome coatings in wear resistance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ni-WC复合电极在弱酸性介质中的析氢催化性能

复合电沉积技术可以用来获得许多具有特殊功能的表层复合材料[1]．其中，用来制各具有电催化活性的表层功能复合材料，引起了人们的极大兴趣[2－4]．对酸性介质中氢的析出反应，金属和合金电催化作用的研究已有不少报导[5－8]，但金属基复合物电催化作用研究的报告，尚不多见．本研究工作米用复合电沉积方法制备WC微粒弥散于Ni中的复合镀层，考察了其在弱酸性介质中析氢反应的电催化性能．1实验制各Ni－WC复合电极的基础镇液组成为NiSO4·6H2O310g·L－1，NiCl2·6H2O50g·L－1，H3BO340g·L-1．所用试剂均为分析纯级，用去离子水…