斜投影-子空间夹角算法快速分析农药中阿维菌素

采用斜投影-子空间夹角算法快速分析农药中阿维菌素的含量。用斜投影算法从阿维菌素对照品中提取阿维菌素B_(1a)纯光谱数据,用子空间夹角判据计算农药中阿维菌素的含量。阿维菌素的质量浓度在4~14μg/mL范围内与用斜投影法提取的阿维菌素B_(1a)纯光谱吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9994。斜投影-子空间夹角算法加标回收率在98.80%~101.67%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%(n=6)。用该方法与高效液相色谱法对同一样品进行测定,两种方法测定结果相接近,相对误差小于2.20%。该方法满足快速检测农药中阿维菌素含量的分析要求。     

快速溶剂萃取–凝胶渗透色谱净化–气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中邻甲苯胺含量

以快速溶剂萃取–凝胶渗透色谱净化–气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中邻甲苯胺的含量。土壤样品经ASE–350快速溶剂萃取仪萃取,萃取液用凝胶渗透色谱净化浓缩后,用全扫描模式(SCAN)采集气相色谱–质谱法测定土壤中的邻甲苯胺含量。该方法检出限为0.01 mg/kg,加标回收率为78.3%~95.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.35%~14.9%(n=6)。该方法具有分离效果好、灵敏度高、重现性好、前处理操作简便及纯化效果好等优点,可用于测定土壤中邻甲苯胺的含量。     

斜投影和空间夹角判据结合紫外光谱分析滴眼液中苯扎氯铵

采用紫外光谱,将斜投影(OP)与空间夹角判据(SAC)相结合,通过十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)含量反映苯扎氯铵(BAC)含量的方式建立了一种快速检测滴眼液中BAC的新方法。首先采用斜投影提取BAC混合物中1227的纯信号,以提取的光谱信号与对应浓度值进行最小二乘拟合,建立标准光谱矩阵;再通过高效液相色谱-紫外光谱联用获取滴眼液本底光谱矩阵;最后根据空间夹角判据测定滴眼液样品中1227的含量,并以此反映BAC的含量。结果显示:在1~20μg/m L浓度范围内,斜投影提取的1227纯信号与对应浓度呈良好线性关系(r0.999 6),方法的检测结果与高效液相色谱法接近,相对误差不大于2.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)不大于2.8%,回收率为99.6%~101.8%。该方法采用多波长紫外光谱直接定量BAC,无需复杂的样品前处理,定量时间短,分析效率高,稳健性好,可推广应用于其他领域。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定磷石膏中的水溶性五氧化二磷

建立电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP–OES)测定磷石膏中水溶性五氧化二磷含量的方法。用超声波快速提取磷石膏中的磷,在178.284 nm波长下,用CID固体检测器测定样品溶液的光谱强度。五氧化二磷的质量浓度在0.007~200 mg/L范围内与光谱强度线性关系良好,线性相关系数r=0.999 96,检出限为0.006 9 mg/L。样品加标回收率在98%~102%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.95%~1.11%(n=6),该方法的测定结果与国标法基本一致。该法简便、快速,适合磷石膏中水溶性五氧化二磷的测定。     

斜投影-不展开薄层色谱法对废木料液化产物乙酰丙酸的过程分析

采用多波长薄层色谱扫描法,不经过传统的薄层色谱展开步骤实现混合体系的快速定量。废木料液化过程产物为混合体系,分别将不同液化反应时间点所取样品点样于硅胶板上。仅对液化过程终点的样本点进行一次展开,分离斜投影建模所需的反射光谱,切割出目标产物(乙酰丙酸)和背景光谱,构造斜投影算子;对其他液化过程中的样品点不展开,采集混合光谱,经斜投影算法分离出其中的目标产物纯光谱,从而实现定量。将该方法的定量结果与高效液相色谱法的定量结果对比,得到两种方法测定乙酰丙酸的相对误差小于3.27%,表明两种方法具有良好的一致性。     

液相色谱–原子荧光光谱法检测水产品中汞形态

建立了液相色谱–原子荧光光谱联用测定水产品中无机汞和甲基汞含量的方法。对影响测定结果的分析条件,如流动相组成、载流、还原剂、氧化剂、载气和屏蔽气进行了研究和优化,同时考察了该方法的有效性。结果表明:无机汞和甲基汞在质量浓度1~20 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.999 4,0.999 1;检出限分别为0.19,0.17 ng/m L;色谱峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为3.16%,2.16%(n=7);加标回收率分别为74%~100%,71%~91%。该方法可用于水产品中汞元素的形态分析。     

GPC–HPLC–MS/MS法测定食用油中天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素含量

以动植物油脂为实验材料,建立了测定食用油中天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素含量的凝胶渗透色谱–高效液相色谱–串联质谱(GPC–HPLC–MS/MS)法。样品经凝胶渗透色谱净化后,采用液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC–ESI–MS/MS)分析,多反应监测模式(MRM)下外标法定量。在0.1~5.0μg/L范围内线性良好,天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素的相关系数分别为0.999 6,0.999 8,0.999 8,检出限为0.5μg/kg。在5μg/kg添加水平下,空白加标回收率为71.5%~82.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.0%~8.3%(n=6)。该方法样品处理过程简便快捷,测定结果准确,可满足实验室大量、快速分析的需求。     

快速溶剂萃取–气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中戊唑醇残留量

建立快速溶剂萃取–气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中戊唑醇残留量的分析方法。土壤样品经ASE–350快速溶剂萃取仪萃取,萃取液用硅酸镁(弗罗里硅土)柱净化浓缩,然后用选择离子监测/全扫描(SIM/SCAN)模式,气相色谱–质谱法测定土壤中的戊唑醇含量。该方法检出限为0.008 mg/kg,加标回收率为84.0%~97.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.2%~11.6%(n=6)。该方法具有分离效果好,灵敏度高,重现性好,前处理操作简便等优点,可用于测定土壤中戊唑醇的残留量。     

ICP-AES法测定氮化硼中铁、钙含量

建立微波消解–ICP–AES测定氮化硼中铁、钙含量的方法。采用高压微波消解法对样品进行溶解,考察了硼基体和共存元素对铁、钙测定结果的影响。结果表明,铁、钙标准溶液的质量浓度与光谱强度线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999,铁、钙的检出限分别为0.024,0.006μg/mL,加标回收率分别为96%~103%,99%~100%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.46%,1.10%(n=7),用该法对BN标准样品进行测定,测定结果在标准值允许范围内。该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,适用于氮化硼中铁、钙含量的检测。     

植物油中3种抗氧化剂的同时快速分析

建立了向量–子空间夹角判据结合紫外分光光度法测定植物油中3种抗氧化剂的方法,可用于植物油中特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)3种抗氧化剂的同时快速分析。采用紫外光谱–高效液相色谱(UV-HPLC)联用方法对植物油样品进行分离,构建不含待测组分的本底光谱数据库,基于向量-子空间夹角判据算法的步骤分析植物油中3种抗氧化剂的含量。实际样品加标回收率在95.2%~103.3%之间,RSD小于3%(n=6)。对市售15种植物油样品进行分析,其中12种植物油样品检出TBHQ,含量为21.34~30.12μg/m L,15种植物油样品均未检出BHA和BHT。方法适用于植物油中TBHQ,BHA和BHT 3种抗氧化剂的同时快速分析。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.