固相膜萃取-超声洗脱-原位衍生法分析水中不同极性农药残留

建立了水中极性除草剂和非极性杀虫剂固相膜萃取-超声洗脱-原位衍生-气相色谱质谱方法。在样pH≈3时,采用C8固相萃取膜,10 min可完成1000 mL水中两类化合物的萃取;将膜片置于反应瓶中,加入2 mL丙酮溶剂和衍生试剂,对杀虫剂进行超声洗脱、对除草剂进行洗脱衍生。其洗脱、衍生时间为30 min。以HP-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)为分析柱,采用负化学源技术在10 min内完成两类物质的检测。由于衍生试剂与酸性除草剂是特定的官能团之间的反应,并且衍生时间较短,因此杀虫剂的回收率不受影响。方法实现了不同极性有机物的同时萃取、同时检测。在10~250μg/L线性范围内各组分线性关系良好,相关系数R2>0.9978,检出限<1.0μg/L。不同基质、不同浓度的加标回收率在88%~107%之间;相对标准偏差在3.6%~9.7%之间。     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法对水中2-甲-4-氯和2,4-滴的测定

建立了气相色谱-负化学源质谱法(GC-NCI MS)测定水中2-甲-4-氯(MCPA)和2,4-滴(2,4-D)2种酸性除草剂的分析方法.水样经过Oasis HLB柱萃取后,进行五氟苄基溴(PFBBr)衍生化,用2,4-二氯苯乙酸(2,4-DCPA)作内标进行定量分析,并以2-甲-4-氯丙酸(mecoprop)作回收率指示物对整个分析过程进行监控,以保证分析结果的准确性.mecoprop、MCPA和2,4-D在5、100、200 ng/L 3个不同添加水平下的回收率在82% ～135%范围内,RSD在1.3% ～9.3%范围内,在1 ～200 μg/L线性范围内,相关系数r大于0.997,MCPA、2,4-D的方法检出限分别为0.60、0.45 ng/L.2007年11月采用GC-NCI MS方法对南方地区某河流中的MCPA和2,4-D含量进行调查,其质量浓度分别不大于19.4 ng/L和6.2 ng/L,监测结果表明,该河流水质没有受到MCPA和2,4-D酸性除草剂的污染.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中29种酸性除草剂的残留量

建立了茶叶中29种酸性除草剂残留量的气相色谱-质谱测定与确证方法。采用乙腈超声振荡提取试样中29种酸性除草剂,石墨化炭黑固相萃取柱净化,三甲基硅烷化重氮甲烷衍生化,再经弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,用气相色谱-质谱法选择离子监测方式测定,外标法定量,根据离子丰度比确证。在加标水平为0.01,0.05,0.1 mg/kg时,29种目标物的加标回收率为57.1%～120.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.3%～20.9%;方法的检出限在0.002～0.005 mg/kg之间。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,可满足国际上对茶叶中29种酸性除草剂残留的检测需要。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中20种酸性除草剂残留

采用改良的QuEChERS法,结合液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS),建立了蔬菜中2,4-滴、二氯吡啶酸、精吡氟禾草灵等20种酸性除草剂的残留分析方法。样品用0.5%甲酸乙腈提取,以900 mg MgSO_4+50 mg石墨化炭黑(GCB)作为基质提取液的净化剂。实验结果表明,20种酸性除草剂在一定范围内线性关系良好,其相关系数(r~2)在0.9939～0.9998之间。方法的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为70.3%～107%和0.2%～8.3%。该方法快速、灵敏,适用于各种蔬菜基质中酸性除草剂的残留分析。     

基于酸性离子液体填充注射器的泡腾辅助微萃取法测定果汁样品中三嗪类除草剂

开发了一种高效、 环保的基于酸性离子液体填充注射器的泡腾辅助微萃取法, 用于测定果汁样品中三嗪类除草剂. 萃取分散采用酸性离子液体[C₄mim][HSO₄], 它对三嗪类除草剂具有较高的溶解度, 其酸性可与碳酸盐反应产生二氧化碳, 从而加速萃取过程. 该实验的提取和分离步骤在注射器中完成, 整个预处理过程完全不需要任何设备辅助. 对碳酸氢钠用量、 酸性离子液体用量、 盐添加量及洗脱溶剂体积等影响萃取效率的实验条件进行了优化. 在最佳条件下, 三嗪类除草剂浓度在1~200 ng/mL范围内获得了良好的线性关系, 相关系数大于0.9984; 检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.06~0.18和0.21~0.61 ng/mL, 日间及日内精密度低于8.3%. 实验结果表明, 该方法可用于果汁样品中三嗪类除草剂的测定.     

水中氯代苯氧酸类除草剂测定方法的研究进展

氯代苯氧酸类除草剂是广泛使用的主要除草剂之一,由于具有一定的毒性,是环境中重点关注的一类污染物。对水中氯代苯氧酸类除草剂的检测标准和检测方法研究的进展进行了综述,对各种检测方法的优缺点进行了比较。     

悬浮固化分散液液微萃取-毛细管电泳法测定水中磺酰脲类除草剂

建立了悬浮固化分散液液微萃取-毛细管电泳法同时测定水中磺酰脲类除草剂残留的方法。以十二醇为萃取剂、甲醇为分散剂,采用悬浮固化分散液液微萃取技术对水样进行分离提取,并结合毛细管电泳法进行测定。该方法可以有效提取、分离、检测水中残留的微量苯磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆等9种磺酰脲类除草剂,各待测物在10.0~1000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r≥0.992,方法检出限为2.40~7.50 μg/L,方法精密度为6.55%~13.9%。将该方法用于实际水样的测定,取得了较满意的结果,加标回收率为82.0%~104%。该方法简便快速,适合水中磺酰脲类除草剂的同时测定。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定水中的16种苯脲除草剂(英文)

 建立了固相萃取 高效液相色谱 (SPE HPLC)同时测定水中 16种苯脲除草剂的方法。HPLC采用Lichrospher 10 0RP 18e柱 ,紫外检测波长为 2 40nm ,流动相为乙腈水溶液 ,流速为 1mL/min ,采用梯度洗脱方式。HPLC分析时间少于 2 0min。水中的除草剂用C18柱固相萃取富集 10 0 0倍。在优化的条件下 ,各成分的添加回收率为 87 8%～ 10 3 7%。     

络合萃取-在线衍生土壤酸性除草剂条件选择与优化

以Na4EDTA为络合剂,以五氟苄基溴为衍生试剂,采用快速溶剂萃取仪萃取,同时实现土壤酸性除草剂的络合萃取在线衍生,并以气相色谱-质谱(NCI源)进行检测。对络合条件、衍生条件、萃取条件、离子源选择进行了优化。方法的回收率为75%～95%、相对标准偏差为6.7%～13%、检测限2.8～8.4μg/Kg。     

水中苯氧羧酸类除草剂的液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法研究

建立了固相萃取(SPE)/超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水中8种苯氧羧酸类除草剂残留的方法。过滤后的样品经HLB固相萃取柱富集净化后,采用BEH C18柱,以2 mmol/L乙酸铵-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用串联质谱进行检测。8种苯氧羧酸类除草剂在0.8～100μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.995 8～0.999 6),回收率为74%～90%,相对标准偏差为1.0%～12.0%,方法检出限(3S)为1.0～1.8 ng/L。该方法快速、灵敏,适用于水体中8种苯氧羧酸类除草剂残留的测定。     

混合表面活性剂存在下火焰原子吸收光谱法测定合金钢中的钼

研究了在火焰原子吸收光谱法中三乙醇胺及十二烷基三甲基氯化铵对钼的增感作用。在仪器最佳工作条件及合适的酸存在下,６０ｇ／Ｌ三乙醇胺及１６ｇ／Ｌ十二烷基三甲基氯化铵可使钼的吸光度增感７０．４％,且能消除多种共存元素的干扰。建立了合金风中大于０．０５％钼的测定方法。     

酸溶碱融-标准加入-ICP-OES法测定铍铀伴生矿石中的铍

酸溶碱融溶解铍铀伴生矿石中的铍,加入的焦硫酸钾对ICP-OES法测定存在基体干扰。本研究主要阐述消除基体干扰的一些措施。从实验数据可知,控制称样量、焦硫酸钾加入量、定容体积和加标稀释倍数,能够有效消除焦硫酸钾对ICP-OES法测定结果的基体干扰,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3%-5%。     

基于离子色谱的有机电合成快速检测分析的新方法

在有机电化学合成中 ,实时准确地分析反应物、中间体和产物的组成及浓度变化十分重要 ,对特定体系研发一种快速、有效的检测方法 ,则有更加重要的应用价值 .电合成法以其原料价廉易得、反应条件温和、环境污染小等特点 ,成为生产乙醛酸等物种的重要途径和发展方向 .在草酸电合成乙醛酸过程中 ,已知电解液的主要物种是乙醛酸和草酸 ,对乙醛酸的定量检测将对电合成的过程评价和生产具有指导意义 .但由于它们较为相似的分子结构却给物种的分析与检测造成极大的麻烦 ,迄今尚未见到有关实时准确地分离检测乙醛酸的方法报道 .实际检测中人们仍不得…     

Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid by Using Tri‐n‐octylamine: Structure of the Ionic Phase

Lactic acid is a promising biogenic platform chemical which can be produced by fermentation of cellulose and hemicellulose. However, separating lactic acid from the fermentation broth is extremely costly and technically complex. We therefore investigated whether liquid/liquid extraction of lactic acid with tri‐n‐octylamine is a cost‐effective alternative to the existing downstream processing method. In order to find an answer to this question, the structure of the middle phase of the occurring three‐phase region, which is enriched with up to 20 wt. % lactic acid, was explored. The results of our IR, small‐angle X‐ray scattering and NMR measurements show that this phase is ionic and has a bicontinuous structure. Due to the analogy with bicontinuous microemulsions, it should be possible to further enrich the lactic acid, which could lead to a rethink regarding the design of extraction processes.     

A fast liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid

A liquid chromatography(LC)/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS) method for the quantitative determination of total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and the monitoring of methionine, homocystine and succinic acid in plasma has been developed. The analytes are determined under the presence of the deuterated internal standards methylmalonic acid-d ₃ and homocystine-d ₈. Although methylmalonic acid can be determined directly, a reduction step has to be carried out to ensure the measurement of total homocysteine. Ultrafiltration was applied afterwards to deproteinize the samples prior to LC/MS injection. LC/MS analysis is carried out isocratically using a mobile phase consisting of 5% methanol and 95% of a 0.06 M formic acid solution on a reversed-phase C18 column at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The MS measurement was separated into several periods: homocysteine, homocystine and methionine were determined in the positive-ion mode, whereas the determinations of methylmalonic acid and succinic acid were carried out in the negative-ion mode. The intraday coefficients of variation (CVs) were 2.9% or less and 3.2% or less for homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, respectively. Interday CVs ranged from 3.8 to 5.9% for homocysteine and from 3.5 to 6.3% for methylmalonic acid. Analyte concentrations could reliably be determined, also far below the reference values. Furthermore, the linearity was determined and a correlation study with respect to the existing homocysteine and methylmalonic acid methods at Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital was carried out.     

土壤和植物中乙二胺二琥珀酸的反相液相色谱法测定

乙二胺二琥珀酸(EDDS)可应用于重金属污染土壤的强化植物修复或是土壤淋洗修复。但是现有的检测方法或过于复杂,或检出限太高。本研究建立了应用超声波萃取、硫酸铜衍生化和液相色谱,紫外检测器测定土壤、植物中EDDS含量的方法。其回收率为93%~118%,灵敏度较高;检出限达1.5μmol/L;重现性好,不受其它多种共存离子的干扰。     

Effect of Solvent on the Extraction of Microalgae Lipid for Biodiesel Production

The effect of solvent on the microalgae lipid extraction was studied. The efficiency of lipid extraction from microalgae was found to differ according to the solvent used. The existence of formic acid contributed to the extraction of lipid to a great extent. With 8 mg/L formic acid existing in the system, the lipid yield and free fatty methyl ester(FAME) yield increased from 39% to 42% and from 81% to 90% respectively compared to those of the control. The highest lipid yield of 42% was achieved from Chlorella protothecoidesis with an FAME yield of 89% when a mixed solvent of 14 mL/g dichloromethane, 2 mL/g methanol and 4 mL/g formic acid was used.     

A modified acid digestion procedure for extraction of tungsten from soil

Interest in tungsten occurrence and geochemistry is increasing due to increased use of tungsten compounds and its unknown biochemical effects. Tungsten has a complex geochemistry, existing in most environmental matrices as the soluble and mobile tungstate anion, as well as poly- and heteropolytungstates. Because the geochemistry of tungsten is substantially different than most trace metals, including the formation of insoluble species under acidic conditions, it is not extracted from soil matrices using standard acid digestion procedures. Therefore, the current work describes a modification to a commonly used acid digestion procedure to facilitate quantification of tungsten in soil matrices. Traditional soil digestion procedures, using nitric and hydrochloric acids with hydrogen peroxide yield <1 up to 50% recovery on soil matrix spike samples, whereas the modified method reported here, which includes the addition of phosphoric acid, yields spike recoveries in the 76-98% range. Comparison of the standard and modified digestion procedures on National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Materials yielded significantly improved tungsten recoveries for the phosphoric acid modified method. The modified method also produces comparable results for other acid extractable metals as the standard methods, and therefore can be used simultaneously for tungsten and other metals of interest.     

酸增殖剂研究进展

本文综述了能有效提高化学增幅抗蚀剂体系感度的各种类型酸增殖剂及其酸增殖机理.对某些常用于光致抗蚀剂中的酸增殖剂的特性作了介绍.并对它们的应用前景、现存问题和改进方向进行了简单讨论和介绍.     

Local acid environment in poly(ethylene‐ran‐methacrylic acid) ionomers

The local environment of unneutralized carboxylic acid groups in poly(ethylene‐ran‐methacrylic acid) (E/MAA) ionomers neutralized with monovalent (Li and Na) and divalent (Ca and Zn) ions has been investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These unneutralized acid groups interact with one another to form acid dimers, and they associate with existing neutralized complexes. At room temperature, no free acids can be detected for any system, not even for pure E/MAA. With the acid dimer peak (1700 cm^?1) and a known unneutralized acid concentration, the concentration of acids associated with a neutralized complex can be determined. This concentration of associated acids increases with increasing neutralization, reaches a maximum below 50% neutralization, and then decreases toward zero near 80% neutralization. This behavior is perhaps due to the increased driving force for aggregation of the neutralization acids. Although Li, Na, and Ca contain similar concentrations of associated acids over the range of neutralizations, the Zn system contains far fewer associated acids (i.e., more acid dimers) at any particular neutralization level. These results are confirmed by an analysis of the absorbance in the neutralized region (1650–1500 cm^?1). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2833–2841, 2002