糖类的毛细管电泳及芯片毛细管电泳

 糖类化合物在生物体内发挥多方面的作用。糖研究的复杂性在于其结构的复杂多变。高效毛细管电泳作为一种快速、高效的分离分析手段已广泛应用于糖的研究。芯片毛细管电泳是近几年来发展起来的新的分析技术 ,并已经在生命科学的研究中得到较广泛的应用。就各种糖类化合物的毛细管电泳的分析策略、检测条件及糖类化合物的芯片毛细管电泳进行了阐述 ,共 4 8篇。     

高效毛细管电泳在兴奋剂检测中的应用进展

对高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)在兴奋剂检测方面的工作进行了评述,讨论了高效毛细管电泳不同分离模式在兴奋剂检测中的应用,并对这一领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

高效毛细管电泳中的电渗研究

高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)是近年来发展起来的一种新型高效分离技术。它具有分离速度快、效率高、重复性好等特点,受到国内外学术界的关注。电渗是影响HPCE分离效率的重要因素,如何抑制电渗对分离效率的影响是人们研究的重要内容。本文对石英毛细管在高压电场中的电渗性能进行了多因素的研究。结果表明,综合优化实验条件可以改变电     

高效毛细管电泳Ⅱ. 最新进展

自80年代末高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)引起广泛重视以来,经过短短5年的时间。它在理论、仪器以及应用技术方面都已取得了高速的发展,并正在走向成熟。本文作为HPCE详细综述的第二部分,介绍HPCE在技术和应用方法方面的进展。     

高效毛细管电泳I. 分析化学中的一个新的前沿领域

本文是关于高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)的详细综述的第一部分,概括了HPCE技术发展的历史、国内外研究现状,总结了HPCE的基本原理、主要操作方式以及HPCE所具有的特点,并讨论了该技术目前存在的问题及可能的解决方法。     

糖类物质的毛细管电泳分析

毛细管电泳(CE)是近二十年发展起来的一种新的分离分析技术，它以快速、高效、高灵敏度、所需样品少等优点被广泛应用于各个领域。八十年代末开始应用于糖类物质的分析，并获得了快速发展。本文对毛细管电泳分离分析糖类物质进行了评述，主要集中在多糖的水解、衍生、检测、分析应用及前景等方面。全文引用文献40篇。     

苯胺及其衍生物的毛细管电泳行为研究

采用紫外吸收检测，毛细管电泳分离，研究了九种苯胺及其衍生物在毛细管区带电泳(CZE)体系和胶束电动毛细管色谱(MECC)体系中的行为特征。讨论了缓冲溶液的浓度与pH、胶束浓度及混合胶束等在不同体系中对分离组分的影响，发现在CZE体系中，控制分离的主要因素是pKb值；在MECC体系中，控制分离的主要因素是溶质分子中碳原子数。建立了一种分离测定九种苯胺及其衍生物的高效毛细管电泳方法。     

高效毛细管电泳在核酸、蛋白质分析中的新进展

高效毛细管电泳以其分离效率高，分析速度快，样品和试剂用量少，易于实现自动化等优点，在核酸、蛋白质等生物样品的分析方面发挥着重要的作用并具有巨大的潜力。本文介绍了近两年来高效毛细管电泳技术的进展，特别是PCR／CE、CE／MS以及电泳芯片技术等方面的新发展，并综述了高效毛细管电泳在核酸、蛋白质分析方面的应用，同时对其前景进行了展望。     

毛细管区带电泳分离麦芽寡糖的研究

高效毛细管电泳是近年来分离科学中发展最为迅速的方法之一．它具有分离效率高、所需样品量极少、适合于生物大分子的分离测定和自动化程度高等特点．在毛细管电泳中，区带电泳作为主要的分离模式发挥了重要的作用［1］．本文中以麦芽寡糖类物质为对象，研究了离子流体动力学半径在分离中的作用和规律，提出了麦芽寡糖的迁移时间、淌度与其所含糖基数目的线性关系，并在不同的体系与操作电压下得到了验证．同时，也为利用毛细管电泳技术估算麦芽寡糖所含糖基数提供了简易的途径．1实验部分自行组装毛细管电泳电化学检测系统，高压电源0～30k…     

烟草中糖的毛细管区带电泳分离

 采用高效毛细管电泳 紫外吸收法 (HPCE UV) ,以对氨基苄腈为衍生试剂 ,通过改进缓冲溶液添加剂 ,对烟草中 5种糖的衍生物进行了分离。该法使用 pH 10 5 ,5 0mmol/L硼砂缓冲液 ,其中添加剂含量为甲醇 5 % (体积分数 ,下同 )、乙腈 5 %、乙二醇 2 5 %、异丙醇 2 5 %和十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS) 1mmol/L。测定波长为 2 85nm。     

Direct determination of amino acids and carbohydrates by high-performance capillary electrophoresis with refractometric detection

This is an initial report to propose a novel approach in high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) for the direct detection of compounds without natural absorbance in the UV and visible spectral range, such as amino acids and carbohydrates. A refractometry detector with the 2 nl cell (Applied Systems, Minsk, Belarus) was employed to identify amino acids and carbohydrates without derivatization. The first results are provided on separation of seven free amino acids in the phosphate running buffer and three free carbohydrates in the borate-sodium dodecyl sulfate running buffer and detection by refractometer. Fused capillaries of 50 or 75 microm internal diameter and separation voltage (10-23 kV) were applied. Detection limits ranged typically from 10 to 100 fmol and the response was linear over two orders of magnitude for most of the amino acids and carbohydrates. The HPCE system demonstrated good long-term stability and reproducibility with a relative standard deviation, less than 5% for the migration time (n=10).     

痕量氨基糖和中性单糖的高效毛细管电泳及液相色谱分析

由于糖缀合物具有较弱的紫外吸收,采用了一种与单糖有高反应活性的新型紫外、荧光衍生试剂芴甲氧羰基肼（ＦＭＯＣ－Ｈｙｄｒａｚｉｎｅ）和芴甲氧羰基氯（ＦＭＯＣ－ｃｌ）对单糖进行衍生。利用高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰｃＥ）和液相色谱技术对衍生产物进行了分析。结果表明：以上衍生试剂可用于ｆｍｏｌ级单糖的测定。对单糖的ＨＰＣＥ分离因素进行了详细讨论。     

Analysis of acyclovir by high performance capillary electrophoresis with on-column amperometric detection

The separation of acyclovir (ACV) by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) with on-column amperometric detection using alpha-amino-5-mercapto-3,4-dithiazole (AMD) as internal standard is described. The calibration line was linear in the range of 0.5-20 mg/L of ACV. The detection limit was 0.15 mg/L of ACV. Its recovery ranged from 98 to 101% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 1.9 to 3.2% (n = 5). This method was successfully used for determining ACV in some pharmaceuticals and human urine. Comparable results with HPCE with ultraviolet (UV) detection and amperometric detection were obtained.     

高效毛细管电泳紫外检测器光路的特殊性及其优化

紫外检测器用于高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）的主要难题在光路中,ＨＰＣＥ中熔融石英毛细管（内径通常在５０μｍ左右）直接放在光路中,一方面光程短,另一方面,光在透镜及毛细管界面上的折射与反射使光程常比毛细管内径短,甚至可能绕过毛细管内腔［１,２］．本文编制...     

Determining sulfur-containing amino acids by capillary electrophoresis: a fast novel method for total homocyst(e)ine human plasma

A high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method based on laser-induced fluorescence detection is presented here. It enables the determination of sulfur-containing amino acids within 15 min. Fluorescence of sulfur-containing amino acids in plasma is linear over a range of 50-150 micromol/L for L-methionine, 5-100 micromol/L for L-homocysteine, and 50-200 micromol/L for L-cysteine. For homocysteine, we were able to detect 1 fmol injected, equivalent to a plasma concentration of 10 nmol/L. A similar sensitivity is present for cysteine, an even lower one being found for methionine. The intra- and interassay relative standard deviations are < 1%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are commonly employed for quantifying blood concentrations of sulfur-containing amino acids. A comparative analysis of HPCE and HPLC quantitation of homocysteine has been carried out in 61 blood samples. Plasma concentrations measured by HPCE were in good agreement with those obtained employing an HPLC-based method, a satisfactory correlation being observed between the concentrations obtained by the two methods (r= 0.9972). Thus, the HPCE-based procedure presented here for the measurement of sulfur-containing amino acids in plasma is a simple, fast, accurate, and very sensitive method, suitable for routine determinations in clinical studies.     

烷基苯磺酸盐型表面活性剂的HPLC及HPCE分离分析进展*

作为一种常见的表面活性剂,烷基苯碘酸盐（ABS）被广泛用于许多领域。本文结合作者最近的研究结果,对烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的HPLC及HPCE分离分析现状及其应用前景进行了综述。     

Determination of vasoactive intestinal peptide in rat brain by high-performance capillary electrophoresis.

A high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method for determining vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in rat brain was developed. Cerebral cortex was first extracted by solid-phase extraction and purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The VIP-rich fraction was further analysed by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography using a commercial HPCE instrument with UV detection. The identity of the peak of endogenous VIP was confirmed by performing multiple CZE analyses at different pH values. This HPCE method allows VIP to be detected and measured with good molecular specificity and could represent a reference method to validate data obtained by radioimmunoassay.     

高效毛细管电泳法检测尿液中的假尿嘧啶核苷

假尿嘧啶核苷（ψ）主要来自ｔＲＮＡ的降解,已证实在癌症患者尿液中排泄量异常,可以作为肿瘤诊断的极有用的标志物之一。用高效毛细管电泳法快速测定了人尿中的ψ,用涂层柱（２４ｃｍ×２５μｍｉ．ｄ．）及硼酸盐缓冲液,在线２００ｎｍ检测,可在４ｍｉｎ内使ψ与尿苷等及尿中其它内源物质完全分离。方法的日内、日间变异系数均小于４．０％,用磺基水杨酸作内标,以ψ浓度对相应的峰高或峰面积比定量得标准曲线（ｒ＞０．９９９０）,ψ最低检测限为４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

HPLC and HPCE analysis of microcystins RR, LR and YR present in cyanobacteria and water by using immunoaffinity extraction

Microcystins, which have their origin in species of cyanobacteria present in freshwaters, have recently been found to be important contaminants of the aquatic environment at trace levels. HPLC and HPCE with UV detection have been applied in the determination of such toxic compounds. Immunoaffinity chromatography for the selective extraction and clean-up of microcystins has been successfully applied to different matrices. Simple protocols for unambiguous determination of these toxins are presented and the immunoaffinity clean-up is compared with conventionally used solid phase extraction procedures. The development and optimisation of an on-line preconcentration procedure based on field amplified sample stacking for the analysis of microcystins by HPCE in the micellar electrokinetic chromatography mode is also described, using borate buffer with the anionic surfactant SDS, as separation electrolyte. Results indicate that sub-nanogram/gram content of microcystins can be detected in water samples, while sub-microgram/gram concentrations can be determined in algae samples.     

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of neutral carbohydrates using ionic liquids as background electrolytes

In this study, ionic liquids (ILs) as BGE additives were applied for the analysis of neutral carbohydrates in CE. The ILs served primarily as chromophores for indirect UV detection. The influence of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on the separation, detection limits and mobility of underivatized neutral carbohydrates was investigated. BGEs consisting of 10-50 mM of ILs at pH 12.4 without other additives provided fast separation of neutral sugars. This method was used to determine sucrose, glucose and fructose in certain vegetable juices.