有机物料对东南景天提取污染土壤中锌的影响

通过盆栽试验 ,研究了有机物料 (水稻秸秆和菜籽饼 )对东南景天提取污染土壤中锌的影响。试验得出 ,东南景天不仅能忍耐土壤中高浓度的锌、铅和铜 ,而且具有很强的吸收和转移大量锌到地上部的能力 ,地上部Zn含量高达 3 5 5 3～ 95 5 8mg·kg- 1,平均为 ( 71 4 3± 2 3 67)mg·kg- 1。污染土壤添加菜籽饼或矿山土壤添加水稻秸秆 ,东南景天地上部Zn含量显著增加 ;而其它处理对东南景天地上部Zn含量均无显著影响。上述结果表明 ,东南景天具有较强的修复锌污染土壤的潜力 ;水稻秸秆和菜籽饼提高东南景天修复锌污染土壤能力的作用与土壤类型有关 ,利用东南景天修复不同类型的污染土壤时应采用何种适宜的农艺技术措施尚待进一步的探讨     

基于长期定位监测的稻田土壤理化变化和镉污染风险评价

土壤镉(Cd)污染及由此造成的水稻籽粒Cd超标是近年来我国农业环境和农产品安全领域面临的一项重要问题,对人体健康造成严重威胁。为明确Cd在稻田土壤理化变化和镉污染风险评价及相互关系,通过51个定位监测点连续5年对水稻籽粒和其对应的根系土壤进行协同监测。结果表明,监测区域内土壤酸化比较严重,土壤养分含量较高,年度之间差异不明显。土壤总Cd变化范围为0.067~1.260 mg·kg-1;土壤有效Cd含量变化范围为0.018~0.992 mg·kg-1;水稻籽粒Cd含量变化范围为0.003~1.170 mg·kg-1,籽粒Cd富集系数变化范围为0.013~2.396。5年内总体上土壤Cd与水稻籽粒Cd污染、潜在生态风险指数(Ei)及健康风险评价(HQ)较低并呈下降趋势,但土壤Cd生物活性较高。随机森林模型(Random forest mode)分析显示土壤性质显著影响土壤总Cd和有效态Cd,土壤交换能力是影响水稻籽粒对Cd吸收的主要因子。当pH≤6.5时,随着土壤pH值升高,土壤总Cd含量、土壤有效Cd含量及水稻籽粒Cd含量均升高,但当pH值≥6.5时,随着土壤pH值升高,土壤总Cd含量、土壤有效Cd含量及水稻籽粒Cd含量却均下降。研究结果可为受污染耕地分类管控和水稻安全生产提供科学依据。     

农用地重金属污染现状及修复方法

土壤是农业生产的基础,随着社会的进步和经济的高速发展,越来越多的污染物排入土壤,其中重金属所占的比例逐渐增大,成为土壤治理的主要对象。农用地重金属污染不仅会导致作物产量降低,而且重金属会随着食物链在人体内积累,对人体产生极大的危害,因此重金属污染修复迫在眉睫。文章综述了农用地重金属污染现状、来源以及各种修复技术,分析了不同修复技术的优势及不足,为运用联合修复技术控制农用地重金属污染提供一定的借鉴与思路。     

炉内消解石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品中铅

提出以水溶解或稀释作为食品中金属元素测定的样品前处理手段,建立了炉内直接消解石墨炉原子吸收光谱法快速测定食品中铅的方法.适用于能与水形成均匀溶液或乳浊液的样品,且能最大限度避免沾污.检出限为0.02 mg·kg-1,测定限为0.07 mg·kg-1,方法应用于20多种食品样品的测定,求得RSD(n=5)值在2.0%～7.8%之间,回收率在85.7%～105.3%之间.     

澜沧江中上游流域矿区土壤重金属含量的调查

为了解澜沧江中上游流域矿区的开采和利用对周围生态环境的影响因素,通过选择对该矿区中3种重金属污染物Pb、Cd、Mn进行了调查和实验。确定澜沧江中上游流域的相应采样面,通过湿消化法处理样品,原子吸收光谱法测定了重金属的含量,并作了重金属污染评价。结果表明,澜沧江中上游流域矿区土壤Cd平均值为21.89 mg/kg,超标率为100%,土壤中重金属含量由高到低为Cd,Mn,Pb,重金属之间相关性不显著(P>0.05)。研究区土壤已经被严重污染,单项污染指数由高到低为Cd(21),Pb(0.87),Mn(0.81)。可见澜沧江中上游流域矿区土壤中Pb、Cd、Mn的污染已经呈现出了危害人群健康的趋势,其中Pb、Cd污染最严重,对于重金属污染应采取综合治理措施。     

复合固化剂对某钢铁厂污染土壤修复研究

以水泥、生石灰、膨润土、麦饭石和含磷物料为原料,组配了六种固化剂,将其应用于某钢铁厂污染土壤的修复,通过测定固化体无侧限抗压强度和重金属毒性浸出试验对固化/稳定化效果进行分析和评价。结果表明,固化剂的加入使得固化体的pH值升高了2.5~4.4。当固化剂添加量为25%,含水率为30%,养护时间为28 d时,A、B、C和E组能达到US EPA针对填埋场无侧限抗压强度qu(350 kPa)的要求。A~F组固化剂均能很好地固定土壤中的重金属,添加固化剂后各组的Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的浸出浓度都没有超过《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》的标准限值。     

广州番禺试点重金属污染土壤修复

<正>土壤的重金属污染问题一直备受关注,2012年"垃圾肥"种菜事件也让番禺的土壤污染问题走进公众视线。记者不久前获悉,广东全省12个重金属重点防控区中,番禺占了3个,土壤修复任务很重。为此,番禺将开展重金属污染土壤修复试点工作,找到一套可推广、适合本地区的土壤污染     

土壤重金属污染来源及其解析研究进展

土壤重金属污染问题是环境和土壤科学研究者关注的热点问题。对土壤重金属污染物来源的鉴别是准确、有效控制和治理污染源的前提。根据近年来国内外对土壤重金属污染的相关研究报道,综述了土壤中污染物的工业、农业和交通因子三大主要来源,重点阐述了目前解析土壤重金属污染来源所运用的化学形态研究、剖面分布、同位素示踪、空间分析和多元统计等方法,并就存在的问题和今后的研究重点进行了总结。     

污染土壤电动修复技术研究进展

电动修复是一种新兴的原位土壤修复技术,主要用于有机及重金属污染土壤/场地的修复.本文作者介绍了电动修复污染土壤的技术原理;探讨了电动技术与Fenton技术、表面活性剂/助溶剂、超声波技术、微生物技术及渗透性反应屏障技术的联合应用;总结了土壤电动修复中,土壤pH不均衡及有机污染修复效率较低的问题.确定了电动技术与多种技术的联用为土壤修复的研究和应用趋向.     

示波极谱法快速测定水中微量黑索金

黑索金(RDX)学名环三次甲基三硝胺,是一种威力大于TNT的高能炸药。为研究其生产废水的毒性,控制并监测它对水体的污染,需建立快速、简便、灵敏的分析方法。 1969年开始进行这项工作时,还未见有水中RDX分析方法的报导。在前人有关固体RDX的极谱测定工作的基础上,我们根据水分析的特点,建立了直接加入硝酸钠(使浓度约为0.1M)作支持电解质,用亚硫酸钠除氧的示波极谱测定法。本法不必配制底液,避免     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.