Benchmarking two-photon absorption with CC3 quadratic response theory, and comparison with density-functional response theory

We present a detailed study of the effects of electron correlation on two-photon absorption calculated by coupled cluster quadratic response theory. The hierarchy of coupled cluster models CCS, CC2, CCSD, and CC3 has been used to investigate the effects of electron correlation on the two-photon absorption cross sections of formaldehyde (CH2O), diacetylene (C4H2), and water (H2O). In particular, the effects of triple excitations on two-photon transition cross sections are determined for the first time. In addition, we present a detailed comparison of the coupled cluster results with those obtained from Hartree-Fock and density-functional response theories. We have investigated the local-density approximation, the pure Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr (BLYP) functional, the hybrid Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP), and the Coulomb-attenuated B3LYP (CAM-B3LYP) functionals. Our results show that the CAM-B3LYP functional, when used in conjuction with a one-particle basis-set containing diffuse functions, has much promise; however, care must still be exercised for diffuse Rydberg-type states.     

三联吡啶Pt(Ⅱ)配合物的基态和激发态的理论研究

为了探究取代基对三联吡啶Pt(Ⅱ)配合物发光性质的影响, 采用MP2和CIS方法分别对配合物[Pt(trpy)C≡CC6H4R]+[trpy=2,2',6',2″-Terpyridine; R=NO2(1), Cl(2), H(3), CH3(4)]的基态和激发态的几何构型进行了优化, 通过TDDFT/B3LYP方法得到了这些化合物在二氯甲烷溶液中的磷光发射光谱以及它们的跃迁性质. 研究结果表明, 由于NO2的强吸引作用以及在C≡CC6H4NO2部分可能存在的电子共振结构, 化合物1的最低发射可以指认为Pt—C≡C→trpy(3MLCT/3LLCT) 的跃迁, 并且还有很大的一部分来自于π→π*(C6H4NO2) 跃迁的贡献, 而化合物3和化合物4由于含有给电子基团, 因此其最低发射仅仅是来自于3MLCT/3LLCT的跃迁. 但是并不是所有的取代基为吸电子基团时都能有类似的π→π*跃迁性质. 对于化合物2, Cl是仅次于NO2的吸电子取代基, 但是由于缺少电子共振的贡献, 它的跃迁性质却与化合物3和4相同. 另外, 激发态几何相对于基态几何没有发生太大的变化, 这与实验上所观察到的较小斯托克斯频移现象一致.     

联吡啶钌配合物[Ru(Htcterpy)X3]3-[X=NCS,CN,Cl]的电子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

利用DFT中的B3LYP方法优化了3个联吡啶钌配合物[Ru(Htcterpy)X3]3-[tcterpy=4,4',4"-tricarboxy-2,2'∶6',2"-terpyridine, X=NCS(1), CN(2), Cl(3)]的基态几何结构, 得到的几何参数与实验结果吻合得很好. 采用TD-DFT方法, 得到了配合物1~3在气态和溶液(乙醇溶液和水溶液)中的激发态电子结构和电子吸收光谱. 利用SCRF方法中的CPCM模型来模拟溶剂化效应. 研究结果表明, 配合物1~3在气态和溶液中的吸收跃迁性质相似, 低能吸收均被指认为MLCT和LLCT的混合跃迁, 高能吸收均被指认为三联吡啶配体内的π→π*跃迁. 溶剂化效应使配合物1~3在溶液中的吸收光谱蓝移.     

Electronic spectra of nitroethylene

A systematic study of the electronic excited states of nitroethylene (C₂H₃NO₂) was carried out using the approximate coupled‐cluster singles‐and‐doubles approach with the resolution of the identity (RI‐CC2), the time dependent density functional theory with the CAMB3LYP functional (TDDFT/CAMB3LYP) and the DFT multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) method. Vertical transition energies and optical oscillator strengths were computed for a maximum of 20 singlet transitions. Semiclassical simulations of the ultraviolet (UV) spectra were performed at the RI‐CC2 and DFT/MRCI levels. The main features in the UV spectrum were assigned to a weak n‐π* transition, and two higher energy π_CC+O‐π* bands. These characteristics are common to molecules containing NO₂ groups. Simulated spectra are in good agreement with the experimental spectrum. The energy of the bands in the DFT/MRCI simulation agrees quite well with the experiment, although it overestimates the band intensities. RI‐CC2 produced intensities comparable to the experiment, but the bands were blue shifted. A strong π_CC+O‐π* band, not previously measured, was found in the 8–9 eV range. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012     

几种(C^N)PtIIQ型配合物的电子结构和紫外-可见吸收光谱

在B3LYP/LANL2DZ水平上优化了三种(C^N)PtIIQ 型配合物基态的几何结构, 进行了频率计算, 并采用含时密度泛函(TD-DFT)方法结合极化连续体模型(PCM)计算了目标配合物在CH2Cl2溶液中的电子结构和紫外-可见吸收光谱. 计算值与文献报道值相似. 计算结果表明这三种(C^N)PtIIQ型配合物在可见光区都有强度较大而且宽的吸收峰, 它们的最低能量吸收峰的跃迁具有ILCT(配体内部电荷转移)和部分MLCT(金属向配体的电荷转移)的特征, 不同于PtIIQ2型配合物在多数情况下表现出的ILCT的跃迁性质.     

并三噻吩及其三种衍生物电子光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法优化得到了并三噻吩(DTT)及其三种衍生物苯基并三噻吩(PDTT)、萘基并三噻吩(TDTT)和噻吩基并三噻吩(NDTT)基态(S0)的稳定几何构型,并通过频率分析加以验证.在TD-B3LYP/cc-pVTZ水平下,计算了它们的电子吸收光谱,计算值与实验值符合得很好.计算结果表明:它们的吸收波长顺序为λNDTTλTDTTλPDTTλDTT.采用TD-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法,优化得到了TDTT和NDTT第一激发态(S1)的几何结构,并在TD-B3LYP/cc-pVTZ水平下计算了它们的发射光谱.     

Spectroscopic characterization of a series of platinum acetylide complexes having a localized triplet exciton

In this work, we describe the spectroscopic properties of a series of platinum complexes containing one acetylide ligand per platinum, having the chemical formula trans-Pt(PBu(3))(2)((C[triple bond]CC(6)H(4))(n)()-H)Cl, n = 1-3 (designated as half-PEn-Pt) and compare their spectroscopic behavior with the well-characterized series trans-Pt(PBu(3))(2)((C[triple bond]CC(6)H(4))(n)-H)(2), n = 1-3 (designated as PEn-Pt). This comparison aims to determine if the triplet state of PEn-Pt is confined to one ligand or delocalized across the central platinum atom. We measured ground-state absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, phosphorescence spectra, and triplet-state absorption spectra. The ground-state absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra both showed a blue shift when comparing half-PEn-Pt with PEn-Pt, showing the S(1) state is delocalized across the platinum. In contrast, the phosphorescence spectra of the two types of compounds had the same 0-0 band energy, showing the T(1) state was confined to one ligand in PEn-Pt. The triplet state absorption spectra blue shifted when comparing half-PEn-Pt with PEn-Pt, showing the T(n) state was delocalized across the central platinum. This comparison supports recently published work that suggested this confinement effect (Rogers, J. E et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2005, 122, 214701).     

几种（C^N）Pt^ⅡQ 型配合物的电子结构和紫外-可见吸收光谱

在B3LYP/LANL2DZ水平上优化了三种(C^N)PtⅡQ型配合物基态的几何结构,进行了频率计算,并采用含时密度泛函(TD-DFr)方法结合极化连续体模型(PCM)计算了目标配合物在CHCl2溶液中的电子结构和紫外.可见吸收光谱.计算值与文献报道值相似.计算结果表明这三种(C^N)PtⅡQ型配合物在可见光区都有强度较大而且宽的吸收峰,它们的最低能量吸收峰的跃迁具有ILCT(配体内部电荷转移)和部分MLCT(金属向配体的电荷转移)的特征,不同于PtⅡQ2型配合物在多数情况下表现出的ILCT的跃迁性质.     

用密度泛函理论研究两种金属镍席夫碱配合物的电子结构和光谱性质

采用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G(d)-LANL2DZ水平上,研究了两种Ni(II)的席夫碱配合物1和2基态的几何结构,并在相同水平上进行了频率分析以确认稳定点的性质.基于优化的几何构型,在TDB3LYP/6-31+G(d)-LANL2DZ水平上,采用极化连续介质模型(PCM)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中计算了配合物1和2的电子结构和紫外吸收光谱.结果显示,当配体对位上的Br原子被-NO2取代时,配合物的HOMO-LUMO能级差增大,从而导致配合物2的最大吸收波长相对于配合物1的发生蓝移.     

5,7′-(亚甲胺基)-二-8-羟基喹啉及其金属有机配合物的密度泛函和自然键轨道及电子密度拓扑理论研究

采用密度泛函理论, 在B3LYP/6-31G水平上对5,7′-(亚甲胺基)-二-羟基喹啉及其3种金属M(M=Zn, Mg, Be)有机配合物M(5,7′-Iminomethylq2)2的结构进行了全优化, 并用TDDFT方法计算了吸收光谱. 同时, 利用自然键轨道理论(NBO)和电子密度拓扑分析(AIM)方法对分子内氢键进行了分析. 结果表明, 光谱计算值与实验值基本符合, 该类化合物均具有较大的电子亲和能, 改变中心金属原子对配合物吸收光谱性质的影响不大. 和5,7′-Iminomethylq2相比, M(5,7′-Iminomethylq2)2的吸收光谱产生明显红移. 5,7′-Iminomethylq2及其M(5,7′-Iminomethylq2)2分子内存在较强的氢键, 可形成三元环, 五元环和六元环. 分子内氢键的存在使分子的稳定性增加.     

Asymmetry in platinum acetylide complexes: confinement of the triplet exciton to the lowest energy ligand

To determine structure-optical property relationships in asymmetric platinum acetylide complexes, we synthesized the compounds trans-Pt(PBu3)2(C[triple bond]CC6H5)(C[triple bond]C-C6H4-C[triple bond]CC6H5) (PE1-2), trans-Pt(PBu3)2(C[triple bond]CC6H5)(C[triple bond]C-C6H4-C[triple bond]C-C6H4-C[triple bond]CC6H5) (PE1-3) and trans-Pt(PBu3)2(C[triple bond]C-C6H4-C[triple bond]CC6H5)(C[triple bond]C-C6H4-C[triple bond]C-C6H4-C[triple bond]CC6H5) (PE2-3) that have different ligands on either side of the platinum and compared their spectroscopic properties to the symmetrical compounds PE1, PE2 and PE3. We measured ground state absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence and triplet state absorption spectra and performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations of frontier orbitals, lowest lying singlet states, triplet state geometries and energies. The absorption and emission spectra give evidence the singlet exciton is delocalized across the central platinum atom. The phosphorescence from the asymmetric complexes comes from the largest ligand. Time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations show the S1 state has mostly highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) --> lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) character, with the LUMO delocalized over the chromophore. In the asymmetric chromophores, the LUMO resides on the larger ligand, suggesting the S1 state has interligand charge transfer character. The triplet state geometries obtained from the DFT calculations show distortion on the lowest energy ligand, whereas the other ligand has the ground state geometry. The calculated trend in the triplet state energies agrees very well with the experimental trend. Calculations of triplet state spin density also show the triplet exciton is confined to one ligand. In the asymmetric complexes the spin density is confined to the largest ligand. The results show Kasha's rule applies to these complexes, where the triplet exciton moves to the lowest energy ligand.     

Theoretical study of vibration spectra of sensitizing dyes for photoelectrical converters based on ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes

Quantum-chemical method of the density functional theory was employed to calculate, with the use of a B3LYP hybrid exchange-correlation functional, the IR absorption and Raman spectra of [Ru(bpy)₂(CN)₂] and [Ir(bpy)₂(CN)₂]⁺ complexes. All the normal vibrational frequencies were analyzed and new assignments of a number of bands in the IR absorption and Raman spectra were made. The role of vibrational motions of metal atoms and ligands in the vibronic deformation of electron shells in the course of electron transfer was discussed. This was done using data on surface-enhanced Raman spectra of [Fe(bpy)₂(CN)₂] and [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ complexes adsorbed on the surface of colloid silver.     

Theoretical Studies on Electronic Spectrum Property of 2—（2—Hydroxyphenyl）pyridine Via Time—Dependence Density Functional Theory Method

The geometrical structures of 2-(2-hydorxyphenyl) pyridine(PP) and its protonation states were optimized by means of the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method.For all the selected systems,the existence of H-bond is in favor of the stability of the systems.On the basis of the optimized geometrical structures,their electronic spectrum properties were studied by time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT)methosd via a hybrid runction of B3LYP and 6-31G(d) basis set.The TD-DFT calculation result predicts the absorption spectrum of PP at 324nm (3.82eV),which is in very good agreement with the experimental value of 322nm (3.85eV)determined in solvent chloroform.The absorption spectra of the two protoation states both exert a red shift in various pH media.     

反式-双(二甲基苯膦)铂配合物二阶非线性光学性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)的水平上对两种反式-双(二甲基苯膦)铂配合物的几何构型进行优化,在获得稳定构型基础上,利用TD-B3LYP方法得到体系的UV-Vis吸收光谱,并用有限场(FF/B3LYP)方法探讨体系的二阶非线性光学性质(NLO).结果表明,此类铂配合物具有较大的二阶极化率,以及在可见光范围内透明等优点,是具有很好应用前景的非线性光学材料.     

Electronic structure and absorption spectra of supramolecular complexes of a fullerene crown ether with a π-extended TTF derivative

The present work is a theoretical investigation on supramolecular complexes of a fullerene crown ether (A and B isomers) with a derivative of π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (T). The geometry and the electronic structure of seven different conformers of the complex of dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether of fullero-N-methylpyrrolidine with a N-benzyl-N-(4-{[9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracen-2-yl]ethynyl}benzyl)ammonium cation were determined. We calculated the complexation energies and the absorption spectra, i.e., the lowest 50 excited electronic states of the complexes have been determined at the ground state optimum geometry. All calculations were carried out employing the density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent DFT, using the B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, ωB97X-D, and M06-2X functionals in conjunction with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Various types of van der Waals interactions are observed in the complexes. Conformer complexation energies (CE) range from 2.54 to 2.14 eV in the gas phase and from 1.75 to 1.34 eV in CHCl(3) solvent at the ωB97X-D/6-31G(d,p)//M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. There are three major features at about 390, 330, and 290 nm in the calculated absorption spectra of all the conformers. The major peaks correspond to T→T, T→T/F (electron density in both T and the fullerene F of B) and to T→F transitions, depending on the particular conformer. Other charge transfer T→F transitions are observed close to the T→T transition, indicating the possibility of photoinduced electron transfer in all these complexes.     

Re_2(edt)_4的电子结构和电子吸收光谱的从头算研究

用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP/CEP-4G方法对Re2（edt）4进行了结构优化和自然键轨道计算,并用单电子激发组态相互作用方法（CIS）计算了Re2（edt）4的分子轨道和激发态。结果表明Re-Re之间不存在明显的三重键,进而很好地解释了Re2（edt）4分子的电子吸收光谱。     

取代基对3(5)-(9-蒽基)吡唑光学性质的影响

使用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法优化得到了3(5)-(9-蒽基)吡唑及其衍生物的基态(S₀)分子结构, 使用单激发组态相互作用(CIS)/6-31G(d)方法优化得到这些分子的第一单重激发态(S₁)的几何结构, 并使用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)方法计算了它们的吸收和发射光谱. 计算结果表明, 与3(5)-(9-蒽基)吡唑相比, 无论取代基是吸电子基团还是供电子基团, 衍生物的吸收和发射峰均发生红移, 并且当取代基―R=―BH₂, ―CCl₃, ―CHO, ―NH₂时衍生物有较长的吸收波长和发射波长.     

TD-DFT investigation of triple-stranded helicates with bis(benzene-o-dithiolato) ligands

The electronic spectra of triple-stranded complexes of Ti(IV) with bis(benzene-o-dithiolato) ligands (H(4)-L(1)=1,2-bis(2,3-dimercaptobenzamido)ethane; H(4)-L(2)=1,2-bis(2,3-dimercaptobenzamido)benzene) were investigated at the TD-DFT level of theory employing B3LYP/LANL2DZ. The influence of the nature (aliphatic or aromatic) of the spacer bridging both {Ti(S(2)C(6)H(3))(3)} units on the absorptive features of the dinuclear complexes was also studied. B3LYP/LANL2DZ leads to spectra accounting for four absorption bands. At the lowest-energy region, the most important transitions are due to ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT), in which out-of-plane ligand-centered orbitals and titanium-based MOs are involved. In going to the blue-region, a third band was detected with excitations showing an important contribution from ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) and indeed, a combined LMCT+LLCT character has been considered. This observation seems to arise from a decrease in the metallic character of the LUMO-derivatives involved in the excitations. The origin of the absorption band at the highest-energy part of the spectrum is assigned to a LLCT. The influence of the nature of the spacer on the molar absorption coefficients (?) for this band has been clearly observed. The complex bearing aliphatic spacer shows ? of about 5 E+4 M(-1) cm(-1), while the one containing an aromatic spacer present a value of ? of about 2 E+5 M(-1) cm(-1).