3-烷基噻吩交替共聚物的合成及其电化学性质

通过Heck偶联法合成了4种3-烷基噻吩交替共聚物:聚(2,4-二乙烯基-3-己基噻吩-1,3,4-二唑)(P3HT-OXD)、聚(2,4-二乙烯基-3-辛基噻吩-1,3,4-二唑)(P3OT-OXD)、聚(2,4-二乙烯基-3-己基噻吩-吡啶)(P3HT-Py)和聚(2,4-二乙烯基-3-辛基噻吩-吡啶)(P3OT-Py). 用NMR、GPC等测试技术对其结构进行了表征. 采用循环伏安法、紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究了系列共聚物光电性能. 结果表明,随噻吩环3位取代烷基碳链的增长,聚合物电离能(Ip)减小,带隙(Eg)也随之变窄. 其中,P3OT-OXD的Eg比P3HT-OXD小0.11 eV,P3OT-Py的Eg比P3HT-Py小0.19 eV,在3-烷基噻吩聚合物主链上引入吸电子能力较强的二唑单元,可有效提高共聚物电子亲合能(Ea),对提高电子传输能力,改善电子与空穴注入平衡有积极作用.     

取代基结构对聚[(3-烷基)噻吩-2,5]-取代苯甲烯衍生物三阶非线性光学性能的影响

采用3-烷基噻吩与对硝基苯甲醛和对二甲氨基苯甲醛的聚合反应得到了5种聚(3-烷基)噻吩取代苯甲烯衍生物:聚(3-丁基)噻吩对硝基苯甲烯(PBTNBQ)、聚(3-己基)噻吩对硝基苯甲烯(PHTNBQ)、聚(3-丁基)噻吩对二甲氨基苯甲烯(PBTDMABQ)、聚(3-己基)噻吩对二甲氨基苯甲烯(PHTDMABQ)和聚(3-辛基)噻吩对二甲氨基苯甲烯(POTDMABQ).计算其光学禁带宽度分别为PBTNBQ(1.82eV),PHTNBQ(1.85eV),PBTDMABQ(1.71eV),PHTDMABQ(1.78eV)和POTDMABQ(1.67eV).利用简并四波混频技术测量了5种聚合物薄膜的三阶非线性极化率,分别为1.74×10^-8,1.82×10^-8,5.62×10^-9,8.64×10^-9和1.22×10^-8esu,均具有较大的三阶非线性光学性能.针对取代基结构对聚(3-烷基)噻吩取代苯甲烯衍生物的三阶非线性光学性能的影响从分子内极化程度和主链电子的离域程度两个方面进行了讨论.     

侧链含金属铱配合物的电磷光白光聚合物

设计了一系列新型芴-咔唑电磷光共轭聚合物.通过共价键将双(2-(9,9-二乙基-9H-芴-2-基)吡啶-N,C2’)合铱(III)(Ir Fpy)接枝到3,6-二溴咔唑的N-烷基侧链,采用Suzuki缩聚反应合成了铱配合物(Ir Fpy)含量分别为0.25 mol%,0.5 mol%和1 mol%的聚合物PF-Ir Fpy.当引入的配合物Ir Fpy含量为1 mol%时,得到的共轭聚合物发射色坐标为(0.44,0.56)的黄光.随着接枝的铱配合物Ir Fpy在共轭聚合物中含量降低,作为主体的聚(9,9-二辛基芴)蓝光发射不能被完全淬灭,得到共聚物同时发射主体蓝光及客体铱配合物黄光的单分子白光共轭聚合物.共聚物发光器件结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS(50 nm)/polymer+PBD(30 wt%)(80nm)/Ba(4 nm)/Al(150 nm)[氧化铟锡/苯磺酸掺杂聚乙烯基二氧噻吩/聚合物+(2,4-二苯-5-4-叔丁基苯-1,3,4-噁二唑)(w=30%)/钡/铝],基于共聚物PF-Ir Fpy025的器件流明效率为3.97 cd/A,色坐标为(0.34,0.34),非常接近于标准白光发射的色坐标(0.33,0.33).为了研究采用共聚物PF-Ir Fpy025和PF-Ir Fpy05制备的白光器件的光谱稳定性,测试了外加电压在8~13 V范围内的EL光谱,当外加电压从8 V升高到13 V时,两个EL器件都表现出了良好的EL光谱稳定性.研究结果表明,在共轭聚合物侧链上引入螯合金属铱配合物单元是实现高效、稳定的白光电致磷光器件的有效方法之一.     

含苯并硒二唑聚咔唑/芴类共轭聚电解质及其前驱体的合成与性能研究

采用Suzuki偶合反应合成了一系列新型的咔唑、芴和2,1,3-苯并硒二唑的共聚物——聚[3,6-(N-(2-乙基己基))咔唑-2,1,3-苯并硒二唑-9,9-双(N,N-二甲基胺丙基)芴](PCzN-BSeD)及其相应的聚电解质衍生物——聚[3,6-(N-(2-乙基己基))咔唑-2,1,3-苯并硒二唑-9,9-(双(3′-(N,N-二甲基)-N-乙基铵)丙基)芴]二溴(PCzNBr-BSeD).在聚咔唑和芴中引入不同比例的2,1,3-苯并硒二唑(BSeD)单元,引起了由咔唑和芴链段向窄带隙苯并硒二唑(BSeD)单元有效的能量转移.通过对聚合物电致发光性能的研究,发现用聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧基噻吩)(PEDOT)或聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧基噻吩)/聚乙烯咔唑(PEDOT/PVK)作为空穴传输层时,器件的性能相差不大,表明咔唑的引入较明显的改善了聚合物的空穴注入性能.而且几乎所有的聚合物用高功函数铝作阴极的器件和用钡/铝作阴极的器件具有相近的发光性能,表明这类聚合物具有良好的电子注入性能.     

一种基于聚噻吩-聚硒吩全共轭嵌段共聚物的合成及性质研究

全共轭刚性-刚性嵌段共聚物兼具嵌段共聚物的微相分离特性和共轭聚合物的光电性能，引起了人们越来越多的关注.基于此，我们利用格氏置换（GRIM）方法合成了全共轭刚性-刚性嵌段共聚物聚（3-己基硒吩）-b-聚（3-（6-羟基）-己基噻吩）（P3HS-b-P3HHT）.通过在噻吩段的烷基侧链末端引入羟基基团来丰富全共轭体系的溶液结构，并利用羟基的热交联特性提高聚噻吩均聚物的薄膜场效应晶体管的热稳定性.一方面，通过溶剂共混（氯仿/吡啶和甲醇/吡啶混合溶剂），调控P3HS-b-P3HHT分子在混合溶剂中的刚性-刚性相互作用，使P3HS-b-P3HHT在混合溶剂中自组装形成不同的纳米结构，如纳米带、纳米纤维和纳米微球等.另一方面，将P3HS-b-P3HHT和聚（3-己基噻吩）（P3HT）共混，利用羟基之间的热交联，使P3HS-b-P3HHT/P3HT共混薄膜在薄膜场效应晶体管中表现出较好的热稳定性.     

新型基于二氟苯并噻二唑和双噻吩丙烯腈共轭聚合物的设计、合成及光伏性能

设计并合成了两种基于5,6-二氟苯并噻二唑和双噻吩丙烯腈单元的D-A型共轭聚合物,聚[(5,6-二氟-苯[c][1,2,5]噻二唑-4,7-基)-交替-((E)-2,3-双(3'-(2-辛基十二烷基)-(2,2'-双噻吩)-5,5'-基)丙烯腈)](DFBT812)和聚[(5,6-二氟-苯[c][1,2,5]噻二唑-4,7-基)-交替-((E)-2,3-双(3'-(2-癸基十四烷基)-(2,2'-双噻吩)-5,5'-基)丙烯腈)](DFBT1014)作为聚合物太阳电池的给体材料。通过侧链工程,引入了2-辛基十二烷基和2-癸基十四烷基侧链实现对聚合物的溶解性,结晶性以及共混膜形貌的调节。研究结果表明,共轭聚合物DFBT812与PC_(61)BM的共混膜表现出更好的相分离尺度,能够促进载流子的传输和抽取。基于共轭聚合物DFBT812的太阳电池器件取得了0.87 V的开路电压和6.25%的能量转换效率。除此之外,基于DFBT812的聚合物太阳电池器件在活性层厚度为220 nm时仍然表现出6%的能量转换效率。     

2,5-二[5-(对癸氧基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑]乙烯基苯与乙烯基咔唑共聚物的合成与表征

通过自由基聚合反应得到了2,5-二[5-(对癸氧基)苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑]乙烯基苯和乙烯基咔唑的无规共聚物.研究了共聚物组成与热性能关系;实验结果表明,随着乙烯基咔唑量的增加,共聚物的荧光量子产率会下降;共聚物与相应的均聚物相似,它们具有相似的光致发光波长.     

新型p-/n-掺杂型交替共聚物的合成及其光电性能的研究

本文通过Heck偶联法制备一种新型p-/n-掺杂型电致发光材料--3-十二烷氧基噻吩-共-1,3,4-噁二唑交替聚合物(P3DDOTV-OXD), 用核磁共振（1H NMR）及凝胶色谱（GPC）对结构进行了分析表征。用紫外光谱（Uv-vis）、荧光光谱法及电化学分析法对其光电学性能进行了研究。结果表明：聚合物的重均分子量为：5287,在氯仿溶液中,聚合物的紫外最大吸收波长为314nm,在401nm处发射出明亮的蓝光;较其均聚物（516nm）蓝移了115nm。 循环伏安测定结果表明: P3DDOTV-OXD在正、负向区域分别出现了一对氧化还原峰对,电子亲和能（Ia）为：2.88eV,有利于电子从阴极的注入。3-十二烷氧基噻吩-共-噁二唑交替共聚物实现了集空穴、电子双向传输为一体的高性能的聚合物光电功能材料的性能要求。     

2,4和8-支噁二唑衍生物的三光子吸收和三光子上转换荧光

用飞秒Ti:sapphire激光测定了3个对称噁二唑衍生物4-{N,N-双[4-(4-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]苯乙烯基)苯基]氨基}苯甲醛(Bis-oxa)、2,5-双{4-[2-N,N-双(4-{4-[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]苯乙烯基}苯基)氨基苯乙烯基]苯基}-1,3,4-噁二唑(Quadri-oxa)和2,5-双(4-{2-N,N-双[({3,5-二[5-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2]苯基}乙烯基)苯基]氨基苯乙烯基}苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑(Octu-oxa)的三光子吸收谱和三光子荧光光谱. 在1260 nm飞秒激光激发下, 2,4和8-支噁二唑衍生物的三光子吸收系数分别为5.0×10^-5, 10.0×10^-5和10.0×10^-5 cm³/GW², 三光子频率上转换荧光发射波长分别为533, 544和551 nm. 研究了多支化合物线性吸收和透过、单光子荧光及量子产率、荧光寿命、多光子荧光光谱和三光子吸收系数谱. 对称多支噁二唑衍生物具有很强的三光子吸收和上转换荧光性质.     

聚芴基苯并唑类共聚物的合成和光物理性能

通过溶液缩聚法合成了一系列不同组分的无规共聚物--聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑-co-聚(9,9-二辛基芴苯并二噁唑)(PBO-co-PBOF).利用X射线衍射、紫外-可见光吸收光谱、光致荧光光谱研究了不同组分和结构变化对聚合物形态和光物理性能的影响.结果表明:聚合物主链上辛基芴基团的引入使聚合物结构从晶态转变为非晶态.共聚物分...     

供体-受体型共轭聚合物电子结构和导电性能的理论设计

以苯并[1,2-c:4,5-c']二[1,2,5]噻重氮和吡嗪并[2,3-g]喹喔啉为电子受体(A),噻吩、噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩和二噻吩并[2,3-b:2',3'-d]噻吩为电子供体(D),设计了6种D-A型共轭聚合物.采用B3LYP方法,研究了这6种聚合物的几何结构和电子性质.D-A型共轭聚合物的几何结构和电子结构与电子供体和电子受体的性质,特别是与其提供电子和接受电子的能力密切相关.聚合物的能隙主要受键长交替控制,键长交替越小,能隙越窄.所设计的6种聚合物中,p-BBT-TT具有较窄的能隙(0.48 eV)、较小的载流子有效质量和相对较大的能带宽度,具备理论上的良好导电性能,可能是潜在的优良导电聚合物材料.     

Alternating fluorene copolymers containing isothianaphthene derivatives: A study of their aggregation properties and small band gap

Several fluorene copolymers containing isothianaphthene units ( P1 , P2 , and P3 ) or similar derivatives ( P4 and P5 ) have been synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki polymerization. The monomers containing isothianaphthene were prepared by a ring‐closure reaction with Lawesson's reagent. Strong photoluminescence (PL) quenching in the film state was observed for P1 and P2 , which was mainly due to the enhanced quinoid character formed by introducing the isothianaphthene unit. Their energy levels of the compounds were determined using cyclic voltammetry. Among the polymers tested, the polymer containing both an isothianaphthene and a selenophene unit, P2 , showed the smallest band gap of 1.85 eV. The influence of structural variation on the band gap of the polymer chains was further investigated by optimizing the geometries of several model monomers. Our results based on the optical and electrochemical properties combined with theoretical calculations showed that polymers containing isothianaphthene have small band gaps, rigid conformations, and strong tendencies to aggregation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3573–3590, 2008     

Low band gap copolymers consisting of porphyrins,thiophenes, and 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole moieties for bulk heterojunction solar cells

Two novel low band gap conjugated copolymers containing porphyrins, thiophenes, and 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole ( BTZ ) moieties were synthesized and applied in bulk heterojunction solar cells. The thermal, optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the two copolymers were examined to investigate the effect of the introduction of BTZ moiety in the backbone of the porphyrin polymers. The copolymers exhibited good thermal stability and film‐forming ability. The absorption spectra indicated that the BTZ moiety has significant influence on the UV–visible region spectra of the copolymers: with increasing the molar amount of BTZ moieties in conjugated main chain, the absorption in the range of 450–700 nm is largely broadened and red‐shifted compared to the similar polymers without BTZ moiety, and the optical band gaps of copolymers were narrowed to ～1.50 eV. The photoluminescence spectra showed that there is effective charge transfer in the whole conjugated main chain. Cyclic voltammetry displayed that the band gaps were reduced effectively by the introduction of the BTZ moieties. The bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated based on the blend of the copolymers and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) in a 1:2 weight ratio. The maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.91% was obtained by using P2 as the electron donor under the illumination of AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm². © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Regioregular copolymers of 3-alkoxythiophene and their photovoltaic application

Low band gap conjugated polymers with proper energy levels for charge transfer are required to achieve high-efficiency polymer solar cells. We report the synthesis and characterization of two new regioregular copolymers that are based on 3-alkoxythiophene monomers: poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl-co-3-decyloxythiophene-2,5-diyl) (POT-co-DOT) and poly{(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-2,7-diyl-alt-[4,7-bis(3-decyloxythien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole]-5',5' '-diyl} (PF-co-DTB). Compared to the alkyl substituents, the alkoxy side chains on the thiophene units can effectively lower the band gap of copolymers and enhance the charge transfer to electron acceptors such as (6,6)-phenyl C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The chemical structure and regioregularity of the copolymers were confirmed by NMR. Both copolymers are readily soluble in organic solvents and form high-quality thin films. Electrochemical and photophysical studies reveal band gaps of 1.64 eV for POT-co-DOT and 1.78 eV for PF-co-DTB. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices were fabricated using blends of these copolymers with PCBM as the active layer, ITO-glass as the anode, and aluminum as the cathode. Power conversion efficiency of 1.6% was obtained under simulated solar light AM 1.5 G (100 mW/cm(2)) from a solar cell with an active layer containing 20 wt % PF-co-DTB and 80 wt % PCBM. Regioregular poly(3-decyloxythiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3DOT) was also studied for comparison purposes.     

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of fluorene-based copolymers with narrow band-gap units on the side chain

A series of novel polyfluorene copolymers are developed by covalently attaching narrow band gap aryl-heterocycle units of Th-BT-TPA to the side chain of polyfluorene with an alkyl phenyl spacer through Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions. The resulting copolymers are soluble in common organic solvents. The electrochemical, optical, and photovoltaic properties of the copolymers are studied. Electrochemical and optical analysis reveal that these polymers exhibit relatively low band gaps from 1.95 to 2.00 eV and exhibit strong absorption in the 300-620 nm region. BHJ solar cells blending copolymers PF-MR15-DBT35 with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (1:1 weight ratio) as the active layer present a high open-circuit voltage (V_oc∼1.0 V) and a power conversion efficiency of 0.7% under simulated solar light AM1.5G (80 mW/cm²). Further investigations of other polyfluorene copolymers with narrow band gap aryl-heterocycle units on the side chain are in progress.     

Photoluminescent,liquid‐crystalline,and electrochemical properties of para‐phenylene‐based alternating conjugated copolymers

Novel liquid‐crystalline alternating conjugated copolymers [ P(P(6)CN‐alt‐Cz) and P(P(6)CN‐alt‐MeP) ] with phenylene and carbazolylene or phenylene with methyl substitution onto the main chain have been synthesized through palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions. The influence of the incorporation of carbazolylene and the substituted phenylene into the main chain on the thermal, mesomorphic, and luminescent properties has been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and cyclic voltammetry. These polymers show highly thermal stability, losing little of their weights when heated to 360 °C. The conjugated copolymers exhibit liquid crystallinity at elevated temperature. The existence of the chromophoric terphenyl core endows the copolymers with high PL and the polymer P(P(6)CN‐alt‐Cz containing carbazolylene unit can emit more pure blue light. All the copolymer films with low band gaps about 2.3–2.4 eV undergo reversible oxidation and reduction processes, significantly lower than the band gap of poly(p‐phenylene). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 434–442, 2010     

Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based polymer semiconductors: toward high-performance, air-stable organic thin-film transistors

We report a new p-type semiconducting polymer family based on the thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) building block, which exhibits good processability as well as good mobility and lifetime stability in thin-film transistors (TFTs). TPD homopolymer P1 was synthesized via Yamamoto coupling, whereas copolymers P2-P8 were synthesized via Stille coupling. All of these polymers were characterized by chemical analysis as well as thermal analysis, optical spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. P2-P7 have lower-lying HOMOs than does P3HT by 0.24-0.57 eV, depending on the donor counits, and exhibit large oscillator strengths in the visible region with similar optical band gaps throughout the series (～1.80 eV). The electron-rich character of the dialkoxybithiophene counits in P8 greatly compresses the band gap, resulting in the lowest E(g)(opt) in the series (1.66 eV), but also raising the HOMO energy to -5.11 eV. Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) electrical characterization indicates that device performance is very sensitive to the oligothiophene conjugation length, but also to the solubilizing side chain substituents (length, positional pattern). The corresponding thin-film microstructures and morphologies were investigated by XRD and AFM to correlate with the OTFT performance. By strategically varying the oligothiophene donor conjugation length and optimizing the solubilizing side chains, a maximum OTFT hole mobility of ～0.6 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) is achieved for P4-based devices. OTFT environmental (storage) and operational (bias) stability in ambient was investigated, and enhanced performance is observed due to the low-lying HOMOs. These results indicate that the TPD is an excellent building block for constructing high-performance polymers for p-type transistor applications due to the excellent processability, substantial hole mobility, and good device stability.     

Small band gap conjugated polymers based on thiophene–thienopyrazine copolymers

In this study, five small band gap thiophene ( TH )–thienopyrazine ( TP ) conjugated copolymers were synthesized by Stille‐coupling reaction. The polymer structures consisted of one to four thiophene rings with the TP of different side groups provided a systematical investigation on the structure–electronic property relationship. The absorption maxima of the polymer films decreased from 850 to 590 nm as the thiophene moieties increased from thiophene to quaterthiophene. The optical and electrochemical band gaps of the studied poly[2,3‐didodecyl‐5‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine] ( PTHTP‐C12 ) were 0.97 and 0.78 eV, respectively, indicating a significant intramolecular charge transfer. The theoretical geometry and electronic properties of the TH ‐ TP copolymers by the density functional theory at the B3LYP level and 6‐31G(d) basis set suggested that the bond length alternation enlarged with enhancing the thiophene content and resulted in the variation on the polymer band gap. The relatively small theoretical effective mass of poly( TH ‐alt‐ TP ) also indicated its potential applications for field transistor applications. Our study demonstrates the tunable electronic properties of small band gap copolymers by the thiophene content and the resulted geometry variation. Such polymers could be potentially used for near‐infrared electronic and optoelectronic devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5872–5883, 2007     

Low‐band gap copolymers containing thienothiadiazole units: Synthesis,optical, and electrochemical properties

Novel low‐band gap alternating copolymers consisting of 9,9‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)fluorene and 4,6‐di(2‐thienyl)thieno[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole and its 3,3″‐dialkyl derivatives were synthesized by Suzuki copolymerization reaction, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied. The copolymers possess small optical band gap 1.3–1.4 eV. The absorption covers the whole visible spectral region. The long‐wavelength absorption maxima in thin films located at approximately 750–785 nm are significantly red shifted compared with those in solution, indicating strong intermolecular interactions. The introduction of alkyl chains to the thiophene units increases the molecular weights of soluble fractions and solubility of the final copolymers, leading to the improved processability of thin films. Polymer solutions exhibited solvatochromism and thermochromism, which is strongly supported by the involvement of the alkyl chains. The copolymers exhibited ambipolar redox properties and reversible electrochromic behavior. The electronic properties are influenced only slightly by alkyl substituents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2743–2756, 2010     

Optical,electrochemical, and thermal behavior of polybenzoxazine copolymers incorporated with tetraphenylimidazole and diphenylquinoline

Two new polybenzoxazine copolymers were synthesized by polymerizing conventional benzoxazine monomer with varying weight percentage of tetraphenylimidazole and diphenylquinoline. The tetrasubstituted imidazole was synthesized through Debus‐Radziszewski imidazole synthesis method, and quinoline derivative was synthesized through Friedlander quinoline synthesis, and their structure was confirmed through FTIR, ¹HNMR, and MASS spectral analysis. New polybenzoxazine copolymers were synthesized by polymerizing conventional benzoxazine monomer with varying weight percentage of (10, 20, and 30%) of phenolic tetraphenylimidazole and diphenylquinoline. The polybenzoxazines cocured with 10, 20, and 30 wt% of imidazole derivative showed a band gap of 2.27, 2.08, and 2.2 eV, respectively, and the quinoline derivative incorporated at 10, 20, and 30 wt% in to polybenzoxazines exhibited a band gap of 2.26, 2.3, and 2.03 eV, respectively. The polybenzoxazines cocured with phenolic imidazoles and quinolines have high glass transition and thermal degradation stability in addition to significant improvement in optical and electrochemical properties than that of conventional bisphenol‐based polybenzoxazines.