不同电性的纳米银对甲基橙光谱学性质的影响

通过吸收光谱和荧光光谱等手段研究了正/负电性纳米银对不同pH值的甲基橙(MO)溶液光谱学性质的影响.研究结果表明,正电性纳米银(P-Ag)与甲基橙作用形成新的复合物,吸收光谱表现为复合物体系的性质.负电性纳米银(N-Ag)与甲基橙静电排斥作用,相互作用较弱,吸收光谱仅表现为两者简单叠加.在正电性纳米银-甲基橙体系中,S1→S0荧光明显增强.当溶液pH=2.1时,荧光增强比率最大,当pH=4.8时,荧光增强比率最小;S2→S0荧光减弱,且与体系的pH值关系不大.在负电性纳米银-甲基橙体系中,仅少量纳米银存在条件下,S1→S0荧光略增强.在溶液pH=2.1时,荧光增强比率最大;S2→S0荧光明显减弱,且与体系的pH值关系不大.分析认为,不同电性的纳米银对甲基橙光谱学性质影响不同,与纳米银与甲基橙分子间相互作用、纳米银的局域场增强效应以及无辐射能量转移作用等密切相关.     

纳米银对铕配合物荧光性质的影响(英文)

研究了纳米银对稀土铕-吡啶-2,6-二羧酸配合物(Eu(Ⅲ)C7H5NO4,Eu(Ⅲ)DPA)的荧光性质的影响。随着纳米银浓度增加,荧光强度先增强而后逐渐下降。较大粒径的纳米银使Eu(Ⅲ)DPA荧光增强效率较大,且达到最大荧光增强效率所需的纳米银浓度较低。在高浓度Eu(Ⅲ)DPA溶液体系中,纳米银导致荧光猝灭。电偶极子跃迁发射荧光增强效率大于磁偶极子跃迁发射荧光增强效率。分析认为,纳米银对Eu(Ⅲ)DPA荧光性质的影响与表面等离子体共振与激发态荧光中心强烈耦合以及表面等离子体再吸收有关。同时,纳米银对铕配合物的不对称率有影响,其影响因素与局域电磁场增强,折射率以及配位场有关。     

纳米银对铕-吡啶-2,6-二羧酸配合物荧光增强效应的研究

研究了纳米银对分别以水、重水、乙醇和二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂的铕-吡啶-2,6-二羧酸(Eu(III)DPA)配合物溶液的荧光增强效应.研究结果表明,Eu(III)DPA溶液中加入纳米银,电偶极跃迁(5D0→7F2)和磁偶极跃迁(5D0→7F1)发射强度先增强而后逐渐下降,5D0→7F2的荧光增强效率高于5D0→7F1的荧光增强效率.在乙醇溶剂中纳米银对Eu(III)DPA溶液的荧光增强效应最大.在水或重水或乙醇溶剂中,Eu(III)DPA的不对称率明显提高,而在二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中几乎不变.分析认为,纳米银对Eu(III)DPA溶液荧光的影响与纳米银表面等离子体共振与激发态荧光中心强烈耦合以及表面等离子体再吸收有关.     

纳米银对铕配合物荧光性质的影响

本文研究了纳米银对稀土铕-吡啶-2,6-二羧酸配合物（Eu（Ⅲ）C₇H₅NO₄,Eu（Ⅲ）DPA）的荧光性质的影响。随着纳米银浓度增加,荧光强度先增强而后逐渐下降。较大粒径的纳米银使Eu（Ⅲ）DPA荧光增强效率较大,且达到最大荧光增强效率所需的纳米银浓度较低。在高浓度Eu（Ⅲ）DPA溶液体系中,纳米银导致荧光猝灭。电偶极子跃迁发射荧光增强效率大于磁偶极子跃迁发射荧光增强效率。分析认为,纳米银对Eu（Ⅲ）DPA荧光性质的影响与表面等离子体共振与激发态荧光中心强烈耦合以及表面等离子体再吸收有关。同时,纳米银对铕配合物的不对称率有影响,其影响因素与局域电磁场增强,折射率以及配位场有关。     

黑皂膜的光谱学研究

由溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTAB)和甲基橙(MO)的混合溶液制成了含染料分子甲基橙的黑皂膜(BSF)。用电子吸收和FT-IR光谱考察了成膜的动态过程。水核厚度随溶液中甲基橙浓度增加而交薄,由普通型BSF最终交为Newton型BSF。脂链CH_2伸缩振动及甲基橙π—π~*吸收特征表明,两类BSF中CTAB的聚集态均为取向的液晶态,而MO在两类膜中亦具有相同的聚集形态和取向特征。以单轴取向模型建立了分子取向角与偏振Raman强度间的关系。由偏振Raman实验结果计算出MO在两类BSF中以相同的倾角(约80°)嵌在单分子膜壁上。     

一些有机铁硫原子簇配合物紫外光谱浓度效应的研究

在二氯甲烷溶剂中对有机铁硫原子簇配合物进行了紫外光谱(190～400 nm)研究发现,π-π~*跃迁紫外吸收峰的λ_(max)随溶液浓度的增加明显红移,而对含孤立C—S键或C—O键化合物未见明显移动。本文还研究了一些含n-π、π-π共轭化合物的紫外光谱,发现除π-π跃迁λ_(max)随溶液浓度增加红移外,π-π~*跃迁λ_(max)还随溶液浓度增加发生蓝移。     

纳米银对表面吸附荧光素的荧光增强和荧光猝灭效应及KCl的荧光猝灭释放效应

制备了两种不同粒径的纳米银溶胶，研究了在水溶液条件下其对表面吸附荧光素(FL)的荧光性能的影响及KCl电解质对该体系荧光性能的影响。FL溶液中加入纳米银，FL分子吸收峰位发生红移。随着纳米银浓度的增加，FL分子荧光先出现增强，而后又逐渐猝灭。粒径较大的纳米银产生最大荧光增强比率所需浓度较低。在纳米银猝灭FL分子荧光的溶液中加入KCl电解质，随着KCl浓度的增加，荧光逐渐增强，出现了荧光猝灭释放效应。研究结果表明，纳米银对表面吸附FL的荧光作用与FL分子附近局域电磁场增强和分子到金属表面无辐射跃迁能量转移过程决定并与纳米银的浓度、尺寸及电解质等密切相关。     

纳米银粒子对[Ru(bpy)_3]~(2+)光谱学性质的影响及电解质效应

研究了[Ru(bpy)3]2+溶液中引入纳米银粒子的光谱学性质变化规律以及[Ru(bpy)3]2+与纳米银粒子所构成的溶液体系([Ru(bpy)3]2+-Ag)的电解质效应.研究结果表明,[Ru(bpy)3]2+吸附在纳米银粒子表面使纳米银粒子相互桥连形成规则的类链状网络聚集体.纳米银粒子造成[Ru(bpy)3]2+溶液荧光猝灭,且大尺寸的纳米银粒子引起的荧光猝灭程度较大.在[Ru(bpy)3]2+-Ag体系中引入电解质造成纳米银粒子不同程度的聚集和生长.电解质对纳米银聚集影响为:CaCl2MgCl2Ca(NO3)2KClKNO3.随着[Ru(bpy)3]2+-Ag体系中引入电解质含量的增加,溶液的荧光强度先降低而后又逐渐增强,直至达到定值,表明一定量的电解质可产生荧光猝灭释放效应.电解质对荧光强度影响顺序为:Ca(NO3)2CaCl2MgCl2KClKNO3.采用透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见吸收分光光度计和荧光分光光度计等手段从分子间相互作用和能量传输等方面初步探讨了纳米银粒子对表面吸附[Ru(bpy)3]2+溶液光谱学性质的影响机制以及电解质效应.     

聚酰胺-胺树形分子荧光性能研究及其在指纹识别领域应用初探

研究了不同温度、浓度、pH值条件下,不同代数、不同端基类型(酯端基和胺端基)的PAMAM(聚酰胺-胺)树形分子的强荧光发射性能.PAMAM树形分子发射强荧光是沿树形结构方向的酰胺基团中的n→π^*跃迁和其密实的球状结构共同作用的结果.树形分子的荧光强度在低pH值或者低温条件下大幅度提高,并且在稀溶液中与浓度成线性关系,在高浓度或者高代数条件下逐渐偏离线性关系.本文还对上述规律的内在机理进行了研究:第一,低pH值条件下,PAMAM树形分子内的叔胺基被氢离子质子化,酰胺荧光发射中心和叔胺基团之间的光诱导电子转移作用被抑制,甚至中断,因此荧光强度急剧升高;第二,随着温度升高,PAMAM树形分子的去活作用增强,荧光强度降低;第三,浓度超过临界点浓度后,由于浓度消光作用,PAMAM树形分子的荧光强度不再随浓度增加而线性增强.最后,将PAMAM树形分子水溶液用于锡纸上油印潜指纹的识别,经处理后的指纹在365 nm紫外光的激发下发射出蓝色荧光,潜指纹被成功地清晰识别.     

对二甲基氨基偶氮苯染料共振瑞利散射法测定红霉素

在pH 4的HCl介质中,对二甲基氨基偶氮苯染料在50℃下可与红霉素作用形成稳定的离子缔合物。冷却至室温后在荧光分光光度计上同步扫描得到各溶液的共振瑞利散射光谱,发现单一的红霉素溶液的最大响应波长在334 nm附近,波峰和坡度变化均不明显;而与对二甲基氨基偶氮苯染料反应后最大响应波长增加到368 nm(甲基橙体系)和356 nm(甲基红体系)附近,在597 nm附近还有一肩峰,波峰、波谷分明;散射强度I也明显增强,且强度与红霉素质量浓度成正比,分别在0~50 mg/L或0~80 mg/L范围内符合Beer定律,线性回归方程为:IRRS=7.745×104ρ-15.17,r=0.9855(对甲基橙体系),IRRS=1.139×105ρ-36.91,r=0.9913(对甲基红体系)。据此,建立了测定红霉素的共振瑞利散射新方法,检出限可达0.15μg/mL。方法应用于红霉素肠溶片中红霉素的质量分析,加标回收率在97.6%~103.9%之间。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。