添加MgF2对烧结NdFeB磁体的性能和微观组织的影响

采用晶界添加MgF2制备烧结NdFeB磁体,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜和性能测试,研究了烧结NdFeB磁体的微观组织及其对磁性能、电阻率的提高和耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:添加适量MgF2可实现在磁体剩磁、矫顽力和电阻率提高的基础上,同时提高材料的腐蚀电位,并且在极化曲线的阳极部分相同电位条件下,具有较小的极化电流密度,从而达到改善NdFeB磁体耐腐蚀性能的目的.磁体显微组织研究表明F元素进入晶界相,形成F含量约为30％(原子分数)、以面心立方为基的有序的NdOxFy相,其与磁性能、电阻率的提高和耐腐蚀性能改善有关.     

铜、钛复合添加对结NdFeB磁体显微组织和磁性能的影响

研究了烧结NdFeB磁体晶间合添加Cu和Ti 对磁体显微组织和磁性能的影响，当钛含量小于1.2%时，Cu和Ti晶间复合添加可大幅度提高烧结NdFeB磁体的矫顽力，磁变化不大，矫顽力的提高归因于Cu和Ti在主相晶粒表面富集，细化晶粒，阻断主相晶粒之间的磁交换作用，阻碍反磁化畴的传播，当钛含量大于1.2%时，矫顽力略有下降，乘磁急剧下降，乘磁下降的原因在于出现了大量的条状纯钛相。与晶间单独合金化相比，晶间复合合金化可更有效改善NdFeB磁体显微组织与性能。     

高性能粘结钕铁硼磁体的制备

研究了磁选处理、偶联处理、润滑处理、预压成型以及双向压制对粘结NdFeB磁体的密度和磁性能影响规律及机制. 研究表明: 磁选可分离磁粉中低矫顽力的磁粉; 偶联处理可改善磁粉与粘结剂之间的界面; 减少粘结剂的含量可提高磁体的磁性能; 粒度配合可减少磁体中的孔隙; 润滑处理可提高磁体的成型性; 预压成型和双向压制可提高磁体的密度. 采取上述工艺制备了密度为6.52 g*cm-3, 磁性能达到109 kJ*m-3的粘结NdFeB磁体.     

NdFeB 稀土永磁材料阻氢涂层的制备

从NdFeB稀土永磁材料阻氢的角度出发，对NdFeB阻氢涂层的制备进行了研究。利用厚膜烧结方法和浸涂法在NdFeB磁体表面涂覆Ag/聚合物复合涂层作为NdFeB磁体的阻氢涂层，高压充氢实验结果表明，在10MPa,25 ℃的氢环境中，粘结NdFeB磁体充氢480min未粉碎，最高可达600min，烧结NdFeB磁体充氢180min未粉碎，最高可达280min。NdFeB磁体涂层Ag/聚合物复合涂层前后的磁性能几乎没有变化。     

HDD工艺对NdFeB粘结磁体磁性能的影响

叙述了NdFeB合金成分、均匀化处理和HDD处理脱氢过程对磁性粉末及粘结磁体磁性能的影响。实验表明,HDD法制备的NdFeB磁性粉末及粘结磁体具有较好的温度稳定性和时间稳定性。     

工业生产N46与N45H烧结NdFeB永磁体的结构和性能

通过优化合金成分设计和改进合金铸锭技术、合金粉末制备技术、磁场取向成型技术以及烧结技术,应用全部国产设备与国内通用的工业生产烧结NdFeB永磁的原材料,避免使用镓(Ga)等稀有贵重金属元素,实现了N46与N45H等高性能烧结NdFeB磁体的工业化生产.N46烧结NdFeB磁体的典型磁性能为Br=1.392T(13.92kGs),BH.=1004kA@m-1(12.62kOe),JH.=1085kA@m-1(13.64kOe),Hk=1008kA@m-1(1267kOe),(BH)max=366kJ@m-3(45.9MGOe).N45H烧结NdFeB磁体的典型磁性能为Bx＝1.386T(13.86kGs),BH.=1059kA@m-1(13.32kOe),JHc=1418kA@m-1(17.83kOe),Hk=1357kA@m-1(17.06kOe),(BH)max=364kJ@m-3(45.8MG0e).SEM观察和XRD分析结果表明,生产的高性能产品具有良好的取向度和晶粒细小而均匀的显微组织.     

Y2O3和CeO2对氮化硅烧结性能的影响

研究了Y2O3,CeO2的添加量在不同烧结温度下对Si3N4烧结性能的影响，分析了其助烧作用及晶界二次小晶粒形成的机制。结果表明，添加Y2O3,CeO2的Si3N4其烧结性能良好。Y2O3添加5％（此时Al2O3含量为4％）及CeO2为8％时对制品烧结促进作用最大。热处理后在Si3N4晶界获得结晶完美的二次小晶粒，使晶界玻璃相大为下降，为Si3N4高温力学性能的提高奠定结构基础。     

Nd—Fe—Co—B—M（M=Dy,Al,Si）永磁合金的热稳定性

研究了用还原扩散合金粉末制备的(Nd_(1-x)Dy_x)_(16)(Fe_(1-y-z)Al_ySi_z)_(74)Co_4B_6烧结磁体的磁性和热磁特性。发现在固定Dy含量时,Al比Si显著地提高了内禀矫顽力(_iH_c)。同时添加Al和Si可以改善磁体的磁性和热稳定性。当x=0.15,y=0.0085、z=0.0145时,经500℃回火获得了最大(_iH_c)。磁体在200℃下放置0.5h(Bd/Hd=-3.2),开路剩磁不可逆损失小于5％。在180℃下1000h时效后,开路剩磁不可逆损失小于3％。磁体性能为:B_r=1.09T,_bH_c=827.6kA/m,_iH_c=1973.5kA/m,(BH)_(max)=221.2kJ/m~3。     

稀土对Si3N4陶瓷力学性能和显微组织的影响

研究了Y2 O3,La2 O3,Nd2 O3等稀土氧化物对Si3N4 陶瓷力学性能和显微组织的影响。添加稀土氧化物的Si3N4 陶瓷可以获得较好的力学性能。添加复合稀土氧化物 (Y2 O3 La2 O3)后 ,断裂韧性达 7 8MPa·m1 2 ,抗弯强度达 962MPa,其性能提高的主要原因是稀土氧化物改善了材料的显微组织 ,提高了 β Si3N4 晶粒的长径比。     

粘结剂对模压成型各向异性粘结NdFeB磁体表面磁粉吸附的影响

采用模压成型方法制备各向异性粘结NdFeB磁体,并研究了其经交流退磁及热退磁后磁体的表面剩磁大小对磁粉吸附程度的影响。考察了分别以环氧树脂（epoxy resin）和聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）为粘结剂时,其对各向异性粘结NdFeB的热退磁效果、尺寸精度、磁性能和力学性能的影响。通过试验发现,以聚四氟乙烯为粘结剂的磁体在取向成型后能够在高于NdFeB合金居里点（312℃）的温度（360-380℃）进行热退磁处理,达到良好的热退磁效果,使得磁体的表面剩磁降低到5 mT以下,以满足磁体表面防腐处理和尺寸精度的要求。     

Effect of Ta on the corrosion performance of Mo<Subscript>3</Subscript>Si intermetallic in NaCl solutions

The effect of Ta contents on the corrosion performance of Mo₃Si intermetallic in 0.5 M NaCl has been evaluated. Materials included Mo₃Si plus 5, 17, 53, 60, and 74 at% Ta. Techniques included potentiodynamic polarization curves and linear polarization resistance curves. Except for 74 at% Ta, additions of Ta induced a passive region, decreasing the anodic current density, the free corrosion potential, the pitting potential, and the corrosion current density.     

6063铝合金三价铬化学转化膜的制备与电化学性能

以硫酸铬钾及磷酸为原料在6063铝合金上制备了三价铬化学转化膜. 采用极化曲线及交流阻抗技术研究了不同条件下三价铬转化膜的电化学性能. 结果表明, 温度为30-40 ℃、沉积时间为9 min、pH值为2.0-3.0、KCr(SO4)2为15-25 g·L-1及H3PO4的浓度为10-20 g·L-1的条件为最优条件. Tafel极化曲线结果表明化学转化膜比基体铝合金具有更正的腐蚀电位(Ecorr)、小孔腐蚀电位(Epit)和更低的腐蚀电流(icorr), 说明化学转化膜具有良好的耐腐蚀性能. 利用交流阻抗谱的数据建立了等效电路模型, 并拟合出了腐蚀参数, 如表面电阻(Rcoat)及电容(Ccoat), 电荷转移电阻(Rct)及双电层电容(Cdl)等. 三价铬化学转化膜的交流阻抗谱结果与极化曲线的电化学测试结果相吻合.     

Fe基非晶和纳米晶合金晶化及电化学腐蚀行为

应用单辊甩带法制备非晶态Fe78Si13B9和Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1薄带,并以非晶晶化退火法制备出纳米晶Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1薄带.利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪和示差扫描量热计(DSC)对该非晶薄带的非晶特性及其晶化过程进行了研究.并用电化学极化曲线的方法和电化学阻抗技术研究了非晶态Fe78Si13B9和纳米晶Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1合金在1mol/LNaOH溶液里的电化学腐蚀行为,用SEM对极化测试后的试样形貌进行了观察;同时还研究了不同的热处理温度对材料结构及在1mol/LNaOH溶液里耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,该非晶薄带的晶化过程分为两步;纳米晶比非晶合金的耐腐蚀性要好;且随着热处理温度的升高,非晶和纳米晶的耐腐蚀性能都得到提高.     

萘系减水剂混凝土钢筋的电化学腐蚀

腐蚀电位监测、线性极化和交流阻抗测试等方法研究混凝土中添加萘系减水剂对钢筋腐蚀行为的影响.发现添加萘系减水剂的混凝土,其电阻和极化电阻大幅增加,其中以添加0.2%萘系减水剂的增幅最明显.适量的萘系减水剂有利于改善混凝土的孔隙结构,增强混凝土的密实性和抗渗透性能,从而减缓混凝土的钢筋腐蚀.     

Corrosion resistance of molybdenum silicides in aqueous solutions

The corrosion performance of Mo-22Si and Mo-25Si alloys in 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.5 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions, at room temperature, was evaluated using electrochemical techniques. In 0.5 M NaCl, additionally, the effect of solution pH (3, 7 and 10) and concentration (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M) was studied using techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization curves, linear polarization resistance and electrochemical noise in current. The alloy contained either -Mo or Mo₅Si₃ phases in a Mo₃Si matrix. Polarization results showed that only the alloys containing 22Si developed a passive film in 0.5 M NaOH solution, whereas the alloy containing 25Si was passivated only in 0.5 M NaCl, pH 10 solution. In 0.5 M NaCl, pH 7 and 0.5 M NaOH solutions, the alloy with 25Si was the one with the highest corrosion rate, whereas the one containing 22Si was the most corrosion resistant. In NaCl solutions, the alloys exhibited a localized type of corrosion, but not in NaOH solutions. Alkaline NaCl solutions increased the corrosion rate of the 75Mo-25Si alloy with respect to acidic or neutral solutions, whereas diluted (0.1 M) or concentrated (1.0 M) NaCl solutions produced lower corrosion rates than the 0.5 M NaCl solution. Some localized type of corrosion occurred in the NaCl solutions, due to a selective corrosion of the -Mo and Mo₅Si₃ phases with respect to the Mo₃Si matrix.     

Electrochemical corrosion behaviors and corrosion protection properties of Ni–Co alloy coating prepared on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet

In this study, a protective Ni–Co alloy coating was prepared on sintered NdFeB magnet applying electrodeposition technique. A pure nickel coating was also studied for a comparison. The microstructure, surface morphologies, and chemical composition of coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The corrosion protection properties of coatings for NdFeB magnet in neutral 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The microstructure and surface morphologies analysis showed that the addition of cobalt element into matrix metal Ni altered the preferential orientation of pure nickel coating from (2 0 0) crystal face for pure nickel coating to (1 1 1) crystal face for Ni–Co alloy coating, and made the surface morphologies more compact and uniform due to the grain-refining. The results of potentiodynamic polarization test showed that compared with pure nickel coating, Ni–Co alloy coating exhibited much nobler corrosion potential (E _corr) and lower corrosion current density (j _corr), indicating better anticorrosive properties. The long-term immersion test by dint of EIS indicated that the Ni–Co alloy coating still presented high impedance value of 1.9 × 10⁵ Ω cm² with the immersion time of 576 h indicating the excellent anticorrosive properties, and corrosion protection properties of nickel coating for NdFeB magnet practically disappeared with the immersion time of 144 h, which also indicated that the Ni–Co alloy coating provided better corrosion protection properties for the NdFeB magnet compared with nickel coating.     

非晶态Ni-Ce-P合金的共沉积与耐蚀性能

采用恒电位沉积、循环状安等方法研究了在水溶液中电沉积稀土合金的可能性 ,首次在含有CeCl3的弱酸性NaH2 PO2 镀液中获得了不同铈含量的Ni Ce P合金镀层 ,XPS、AES、XRD和SEM等实验技术表征了镀层的组成和结构 ,极化电阻和腐蚀电位的测试数据表明此镀层与Ni P无定形合金相比 ,具有更强的耐腐蚀能力 ,同时 ,讨论了沉积条件与镀层耐蚀性能的关系 ,结论是 :镀层中铈含量越高 ,其耐腐蚀性能越好 ,此外还对Ni Ce P的共沉积机理进行了初步探讨 ,指出在所研究的电沉积条件下 ,Ni Ce P合金共沉积可以用“诱导共沉积理论”合理解释     

hytic Acid Conversion Coatings of Magnesium

A chrome‐free conversion coating treatment for magnesium by phytic acid solution was developed. The immersion experiments were used for evaluating the effects of the processing parameters (such as conversion temperature and time, concentration and pH value of phytic acid solution) on the corrosion resistance of the phytic acid conversion coating. The morphologies and compositions of the coatings were determined by SEM and EDS respectively. The experimental results indicated that the corrosion resistance of the conversion coating formed in the solution containing 0.5% phytic acid at 25°C and pH=4 for 30 min was higher than that of natural oxide, and the conversion coating formed on the surface of magnesium was of multilayer mainly consisting of Mg, C, O and P. The thicknesses of the conversion coatings were approximately 1.0–15 µm and the conversion coatings presented obvious network‐like cracks. The electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization experiment indicated that the free corrosion potential of the magnesium with phytic acid conversion coating was increased, and its corrosion current and corrosion rate declined in 3.5% NaCl solution. Phytic acid conversion coating could improve the electrochemical property of magnesium and provide effective protection, which can improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium.