3D打印用光敏树脂的高性能化及功能化研究进展

3D打印,又称增材制造,是一项新兴的智能制造技术。光固化3D打印技术是增材制造的主要方向之一,具有成型精度高、打印速度快及工艺成熟等优点。处在高速发展之中的光固化3D打印技术对光敏树脂提出了越来越高的要求,3D打印用光敏树脂的高性能及功能化研究受到极大关注。本文综述了高性能光敏树脂的最新研究进展,重点讨论了其用于构筑复杂结构导电导热聚合物、形状记忆聚合物、特殊浸润性聚合物、生物医用聚合物及凝胶材料的设计思路及相应构件所展示的优异功能性,同时对光敏树脂基3D打印材料的发展趋势及应用前景进行了分析和展望。     

聚合物前驱体3D打印制备高性能陶瓷

3D打印制备陶瓷可以实现结构-材料设计一体化,为复杂形状陶瓷材料快速成型提供了新途径。但是传统的3D打印制备陶瓷是以陶瓷粉末或陶瓷颗粒为打印材料,存在陶瓷构件尺寸精度差、表面光洁度低和力学性能不佳等问题。近年来,以聚合物前驱体为打印材料,通过3D打印成型、高温裂解等工艺制备高性能陶瓷技术的出现为改善这些不足提供了新方法,成为3D打印陶瓷领域的研究热点。本文概述了聚合物前驱体3D打印制备高性能陶瓷的研究进展,重点阐述了本体聚合物前驱体、聚合物前驱体/光敏化合物、聚合物前驱体/巯基化合物、光敏基团改性聚合物前驱体、增强体/聚合物前驱体五种典型材料体系的研究现状,并对其今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

3D打印复合材料的研究进展

3D打印技术作为第三次工业革命的代表性技术之一,越来越受到工业界和投资界的关注。而3D打印成本高,不仅仅是自身的机器价格高,更重要的是打印材料价格昂贵。3D打印材料是影响3D打印技术发展与应用的关键因素。综述了近年来3D打印复合材料的研究发展以及技术创新应用,重点讨论了3D打印多功能纳米复合材料、纤维增强复合材料、无机填料复合材料、金属填料复合材料和高分子合金的性能及应用。同时对3D打印复合材料的开发及应用前景进行了分析和展望。     

纳米粒子的制备及其在打印印刷领域的应用

本文简要介绍了几类纳米粒子的制备及其在打印印刷领域的应用.包括无机纳米粒子复合材料用于绿色打印制版、聚合物乳胶纳米粒子用于喷墨打印制备光子晶体、金属纳米粒子用于印刷电路以及纳米材料用于3D打印,并展望了其发展前景.     

3D打印用高分子材料及其复合材料的研究进展北大核心CSCD

3D打印技术亦称为增材制造,是基于三维数学模型数据,通过连续的物理层叠加,逐层增加材料来生成三维实体的技术。作为第三次工业革命的代表性技术之一,3D打印材料是影响3D打印技术发展与应用的关健因素。而高分子聚合物在打印材料中占据主要地位,其中高分子复合材料具有明显优势。本文综述了近年来3D打印用高分子材料及其复合材料的研究现状,包括高分子丝材、光敏树脂、高分子粉末、高分子凝胶及其它高分子材料,并对高分子材料在3D打印领域的发展进行了展望。     

3D打印用高分子材料及其复合材料的研究进展

3D打印技术亦称为增材制造,是基于三维数学模型数据,通过连续的物理层叠加,逐层增加材料来生成三维实体的技术。作为第三次工业革命的代表性技术之一,3D打印材料是影响3D打印技术发展与应用的关健因素。而高分子聚合物在打印材料中占据主要地位,其中高分子复合材料具有明显优势。本文综述了近年来3D打印用高分子材料及其复合材料的研究现状,包括高分子丝材、光敏树脂、高分子粉末、高分子凝胶及其它高分子材料,并对高分子材料在3D打印领域的发展进行了展望。     

光固化3D打印聚酰亚胺研究进展

近年来,光固化3D打印技术因高精度、定制化、整体免装配以及快速制造等成形优点,用于解决聚酰亚胺(polyimide, PI)的微型精密、异形复杂及其功能结构一体化制造技术难题,受到了研究者的广泛研究和关注。基于光固化3D打印成形原理与PI的物理化学特性,发展了一系列光固化3D打印PI材料及其成形技术。本文归纳总结了光固化3D打印PI材料设计制备准则,重点介绍了立体光刻技术(SLA)、数字光处理技术(DLP)和紫外辅助直书写技术(UV-DIW)等光固化3D打印PI研究进展,最后通过光固化3D打印PI的应用和产业化现状提出研究发展对策。     

3D打印微流控芯片技术研究进展

近年来,微流控技术在生命科学和医学诊断等领域得到广泛的应用,显示出了其在检测速度、精度以及试剂损耗等方面相比传统方法的显著优势.然而,使用从半导体加工技术继承而来的微加工技术制作微流控芯片具有比较高的资金和技术门槛,在一定程度上阻碍了微流控技术的推广和应用.近年来随着3D打印技术的兴起,越来越多的研究者尝试使用3D打印技术加工微流控芯片.相比于传统的微加工技术,3D打印微流控芯片技术显示出了其设计加工快速、材料适应性广、成本低廉等优势.本文针对近年来国内外在3D打印微流控芯片领域的最新进展进行了综述,着重介绍了采用微立体光刻、熔融沉积成型以及喷墨打印等3D打印技术加工制作微流控芯片的方法,以及这些微流控芯片在分析化学、生命科学、医学诊断等领域的应用,并对3D打印微流控芯片技术未来的发展进行了展望.     

光固化3D打印及其在齿科行业中的应用

光固化3D打印是最早出现的3D打印技术,经过30多年的发展,先后发展出液态树脂固化或光固化（stereolithography,SLA）、数字光处理（digital light processing,DLP）、液晶显示（liquid crystal display,LCD）、连续无分层液体界面提取技术（layerless continuous liquid interface production,CLIP）、双光子3D打印（two-photon polymerization,TPP）、全息3D打印技术等多种打印技术。光固化3D打印技术具有精度高、成型速度快等特点,因此在许多领域都有良好的应用,且前景广阔。在众多领域中,齿科领域个性化特征明显,对打印材料精度要求高,是目前光固化3D打印最有应用潜力和高附加值的领域。本文综述了光固化3D打印技术的种类、原理和技术的优缺点,并简述了光固化3D打印在齿科领域的应用。     

喷墨打印技术制备聚合物太阳能电池的研究进展

聚合物太阳能电池具有成本低、质量轻、容易制备大尺寸器件等优势,是太阳能电池研究中最为活跃的领域之一。喷墨打印技术作为新的成膜技术,具有材料利用率高、快速、可柔性加工等优点,已被用于聚合物太阳能电池的制备,发展潜力巨大。综述了聚合物太阳能电池、喷墨打印技术和喷墨打印技术制备聚合物太阳能电池的研究进展,同时对聚合物太阳能电...     

Surface treatment of Basalt fiber for use in automotive composites

Balancing the performance, durability and safety requirements of automotive systems with the regulatory landscape in an environment of climate change has accelerated the search for sustainable fiber reinforced polymer composites for automobile structures. Glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites (GFRP) are widely used in certain structures like front end modules and liftgate; However, they cannot be used in more demanding applications due to their low mechanical properties. Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites (CFRP) are promising candidates for applications like bonnet, but their use is constrained by cost. Basalt fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites (BFRP) are sustainable materials that can be positioned between GFRP and CFRP in terms of performance and cost-effectiveness. The mechanical performance of the BFRP depend on the quality of the fiber-matrix interface that aids in efficient load transfer from the matrix to the fiber. Typically, basalt fibers are inert in nature and need treatments to improve its adhesion to polymeric matrices. The major chemical treatments that are reviewed in this article include matrix functionalization, silane treatment, functionalized nanomaterial coating and plasma polymerization. The physical treatments reviewed include plasma treatment and milling. It is evident that chemically treating the basalt fiber with a functionalized nanomaterial yields BFRP with a good stiffness – toughness balance that can be used for challenging metal replacements as also in new emerging areas like sensing and 3D printing.     

聚合物基微纳米功能复合材料3D打印加工的研究

高分子材料3D打印加工可制备传统加工不能制备的形状复杂的高分子制件,是近年来发展很快的先进制造技术。但适用于3D打印加工的高分子材料种类少,结构功能单一,难以制备高分子功能器件。本文介绍了我们在聚合物基微纳米功能复合材料3D打印加工方面的研究工作:通过有机/无机杂化、固相剪切碾磨、超声辐照、分子复合等技术制备适合于选择性激光烧结(SLS)和熔融沉积成型(FDM)的聚合物基微纳米功能复合材料;实现了聚合物基微纳米功能复合粉体的SLS加工和功能复合丝条的FDM加工;研究了3D打印低维构建、层层叠加、自由界面成型、复杂固-液-固转变过程;建立了功能复合粉体球形化技术,发明了直接熔融挤出新型FDM打印机;制备了常规加工方法不能制备的数种形状复杂的功能器件,如尼龙11/钛酸钡压电器件、柔性聚氨酯/碳纳米管传感器、个性化人颌骨模型等,突破了传统加工难以制备复杂形状制品和目前3D打印难以制备功能制品的局限。     

Recent Development in Liquid Metal Materials

Liquid metals (LM) have shown a very broad development prospect over the past decades. This review article focuses on the latest research dedicated to liquid metal materials and their applications in five significant areas: stretchable conductive composite, intelligent sensing electronic skin, catalysis, 3D printing material, and driving machines. The fabrication, specific properties and application of stretchable liquid metal-polymer composites that can be used as self-healing materials have been summarized. Liquid metal deposition printing technology, liquid phase 3D printing, suspension 3D printing technology, micro-contact printing technology, and in vivo 3D printing molding technology have also been reviewed. Furthermore, the application of liquid metal catalyst in aldehyde reaction, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis have been discussed. We have shown that electricity, magnetism, sound, light and heat could stimulate the movement of liquid metal. Through this comprehensive overview of the latest research, the main practical application, development, and mechanism of liquid metal were summarized and described. The future development of liquid metal technology was prospected, thus providing a strong basic research support for the further development of LM materials and their applications.     

3D打印技术制备生物医用高分子材料的研究进展

3D打印技术能够根据不同患者需要,快速精确制备适合不同患者的个性化生物医用高分子材料,并能同时对材料的微观结构进行精确控制.因此,这种新兴的医用高分子材料制备技术在未来生物医学应用(尤其是组织工程应用)中具有独特的优势.近年来,对于3D打印技术制备生物医用高分子材料的研究开发受到了越来越多的关注.不同的生物相容高分子原料被应用于3D打印技术,而这些3D成型高分子材料被用于体外细胞培养,或动物模型的软组织或硬组织修复中.本文主要介绍了近年来3D打印技术在生物医用高分子材料制备中的研究进展,并对该领域的未来应用和挑战进行了展望.     

Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Photocurable Polymers: Types,Mechanism, and Tissue Engineering Application

The conversion of liquid resin into solid structures upon exposure to light of a specific wavelength is known as photopolymerization. In recent years, photopolymerization-based 3D printing has gained enormous attention for constructing complex tissue-specific constructs. Due to the economic and environmental benefits of the biopolymers employed, photo-curable 3D printing is considered an alternative method for replacing damaged tissues. However, the lack of suitable bio-based photopolymers, their characterization, effective crosslinking strategies, and optimal printing conditions are hindering the extensive application of 3D printed materials in the global market. This review highlights the present status of various photopolymers, their synthesis, and their optimization parameters for biomedical applications. Moreover, a glimpse of various photopolymerization techniques currently employed for 3D printing is also discussed. Furthermore, various naturally derived nanomaterials reinforced polymerization and their influence on printability and shape fidelity are also reviewed. Finally, the ultimate use of those photopolymerized hydrogel scaffolds in tissue engineering is also discussed. Taken together, it is believed that photopolymerized 3D printing has a great future, whereas conventional 3D printing requires considerable sophistication, and this review can provide readers with a comprehensive approach to developing light-mediated 3D printing for tissue-engineering applications.     

Comparative study of geometric properties of unreinforced PLA and PLA-Graphene composite materials applied to additive manufacturing using FFF technology

In recent years, significant advancements in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) have enabled this technology to become one of the most leading techniques of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for the production of functional products. The poor mechanical properties of manufactured parts have traditionally imposed considerable limitations on use of FFF processes. These shortcomings have been overcome using new advanced filaments with nanoparticle reinforced components, short-length and continuous fibres, and other composite material processing technologies. Polymers reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) have been an effective solution for improving electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. However, the geometric properties of functional products manufactured with GNP reinforced polymers have not been analysed in spite of being crucial for the manufacture, assembly, and service life of functional products. The aim of this study was to compare an improved PLA polymer (PLA-3D) with a GNP reinforced PLA composite (PLA-Graphene) by analysing the geometric properties of dimensional accuracy, flatness error, surface texture, and surface roughness. The effect of the 3D printing parameters − build orientation (Bo), layer thickness (Lt), and feed rate (Fr) − on the geometric properties of two PLA-based filaments were evaluated. The results showed dimensional accuracy was mainly affected by the build orientation, where an increase in the layer area on the X–Y plane showing the highest dimensional deviation owing to the longer displacements of the extruder accumulating positioning errors. The dimensional accuracy along the Z-axis was not affected by any of the printing parameters nor the accumulation of layers, with results close to nominal ones. The flatness error and surface roughness were strongly conditioned by building orientation, with the best results obtained in the flat orientation. Neither of the compared materials showed significant variations between them in geometric properties, with similar results in the tested printing conditions.     

A 3D printable self-healing composite conductive polymer for sensitive temperature detection

Recent development of self-healing material has attracted tremendous attention,owing to its biomimetic ability to restore structure and functionality when encountering damages.Here,we develop a threedimensional(3D)printable self-healing composite conductive polymer by mixing hydrogen-bond-based supramolecular polymer with low-cost carbon black.It has a room-temperature self-healing capability in both conductivity and mechanical property,while its shear-thinning behavior enables fabrication of a self-healable circuit by 3D printing technology.As an application,the circuit shows an excellent temperature-dependent behavior of the resistance,indicating its great potential fo r practical application in the artificial intelligence field.     

3D Printable Geopolymer Composites Reinforced with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials – A Review

Three-dimensional (3D) geopolymer printing (3DGP) technology is a rapidly evolving digital fabrication method used in the construction industry. This technology offers significant benefits over 3D concrete printing in terms of energy saving and reduced carbon emissions, thus promoting sustainability. 3DGP technology is still evolving, and researchers are striving to develop high-performance printable materials and different methods to improve its robustness and efficiency. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) with beneficial properties have a wide range of applications in various fields, including as concrete/geopolymer systems in construction. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) used to develop extrusion-based 3D geopolymer printing (3DGP) technology, including dispersion techniques, mixing methods, and the materials′ performance. The rheological, mechanical, durability, and other characteristics of these materials are also examined. Furthermore, the existing research limitations and the prospects of using 3DGP technology to produce high-quality composite mixtures are critically evaluated.     

Additive manufacturing of fire‐retardant ethylene‐vinyl acetate

Thermocompression (with also extrusion and injection molding) is a classical polymer shaping manufacturing, but it does not easily allow designing sophisticated shapes without using a complex mold, on the contrary to 3D printing (or polymer additive manufacturing), which is a very flexible technique. Among all 3D printing techniques, fused deposition modeling is of high potential for product manufacturing, with the capability to compete with conventional polymer processing techniques. This is a quite low cost 3D printing technique, but the range of filaments commercially available is limited. However, in some specific 3D printing processes, no filaments are necessary. Polymers pellets feed directly the printing nozzle allowing to investigate many polymeric matrices with no commercial limitation. This is of high interest for the design of flame‐retarded materials, but literature is scarce in that field. In this paper, a comparison between thermocompression and 3D printing processes was performed on both neat ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and EVA flame retarded with aluminum triHydroxyde (ATH) containing different loadings (30 or 65 wt%) and with expandable graphite (EG), ie, EVA/ATH (30 wt%), EVA/ATH (65 wt%), and EVA/EG (10 wt%), respectively. Morphological comparisons, using microscopic and electronic microprobe analyses, revealed that 3D printed plates have lower apparent density and higher porosity than thermocompressed plate. The fire‐retardant properties of thermocompressed and 3D printed plates were then evaluated using mass loss calorimeter test at 50 kW/m². Results highlight that 3D printing can be used to produce flame‐retardant systems. This work is a pioneer study exploring the feasibility of using polymer additive manufacturing technology for designing efficient flame‐retarded materials.