微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定植物灰分中微量元素

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定植物灰分中21种微量元素和15种稀土元素.用微波消解样品,对微波消解植物灰分样品的条件进行了试验.其优选微波消解条件为:微波压力为2 MPa,消解时间为10 min,以硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸(体积比为6比2比1比1)的混合酸消解样品,对0.100 0 g植物标准物质(GBW 07603)进行10次平行测定,微量元素测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.87%～5.96%之间,稀土元素测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.14%～8.00%之间.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法同时测定烟用香精中24种微量元素

采用微波消解处理样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱检测的方法同时测定了8种烟用香精样品中的24种微量元素。方法以锗和钍作为内标消除基体效应,采用灌木枝叶标准物质(GBW07602)对方法进行验证。结果表明:24种微量元素的检测限在0.004～1.078ng/mL之间;相对标准偏差均小于10%;回收率在84.46%～108.85%之间。该法操作简单、分析快速、灵敏度高、准确度好,适合批量香精样品中微量元素的检测。     

微波消解/ICP-MS法测定食品级润滑油(脂)中的锑、砷、镉、铅、汞、硒

建立了微波消解样品,ICP-MS同时测定食品级润滑油(脂)中Pb,Cd,As,Se,Sb,Hg 6种微量元素的分析方法。通过优化实验条件,方法测试食品级润滑油(脂)样品中6种微量元素的检出限在0.001~0.020μg/g之间,Pb,Cd,As,Se,Sb在5.00~100.00μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,Hg在0.50~10.0μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999,回收率在93.3%~116%之间,相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.3%~4.2%之间。方法能够满足食品级润滑油(脂)中微量有毒有害元素的定量测定要求。     

带八极杆碰撞/反应池的电感耦合等离子体质谱测定中药中的微量元素

建立了用带八极杆碰撞/反应池的电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定中药中的多种微量元素的方法.八极杆碰撞/反应池技术的使用,有效地消除了多原子离子对待测元素的干扰,使Se、 As及其它微量元素的测试更为准确.方法对固体中药样品的检出限为0.002～0.085 μg/g,相对标准偏差为0.4%～3.1%,回收率为90%～110%.     

电感耦合等离体原子发射光谱法测定高纯银中25种微量元素

应用银生成氯化银沉淀分离银,超声雾化,ICP-AES法测定分离液中Al、Au、Ba、Bi、Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Li、Mg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Pd、Pt、Sb、Se、Sn、Te、Ti、V、Y及Zn 25种微量元素.选择了被测元素的分析线,考察了载气流量,HNO3浓度和Ag的沉淀对测定元素的影响.取样2.5 g时,测定范围为10～320μg/g,回收率在93%～108%之间,相对标准偏差((RSD n=6)在2.9%～11%之间.     

微波消解-原子吸收法测定新疆枸杞叶茶中九种金属元素

采用硝酸作为消解液,用微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定了新疆枸杞叶茶中Na、Ca、K、Mg、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe 9 种金属元素的含量,从微量元素的角度为利用新疆枸杞叶茶治疗心脑血管疾病提供科学的数据.结果显示,各元素回收率(n=6)在94.4%～101.98% 之间(r=0.999 2～0.999 9),相对标准...     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中挥发酚

提出了吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中挥发酚的分析方法,使间甲酚和对甲酚能分离并准确定量.在0.4～200.0 mg·L-1范围内各成分的峰面积与其浓度之间呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1.8～4.2 ng/支;样品的加标回收率为97.9%～101.9%;相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.04%～4.52%之间.     

活性炭纤维固相微萃取与GC-MS联用测定海水中痕量酚类化合物

利用自制的活性炭纤维,建立了SPME-GC-MS测定海水中7种酚类化合物的分析方法,探讨了萃取温度、萃取时间、搅拌速度、离子强度、pH和解吸时间等条件对萃取量的影响.方法的线性范围为0.01～100μg/L,检出限在1.65～10 ng/L之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在0.4%～8.2%之间.海水样品中酚类化合物回收率和RSD分别在87.5%～101.7%和2.3%～8.8%之间.该法适合于海洋水体中痕量酚类化合物的分析.     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定盐酸特比萘芬中残留溶剂

应用HP-5毛细管柱(25 m×0.32 mm,0.25 μm)气相色谱法测定了盐酸特比萘芬药物中乙醚、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺等6种残留溶剂.经烘干的试样溶于二甲替甲酰胺(DMF)中,试样溶液中的残留溶剂经毛细管柱分离后,以苯为内标物,内标法定量测定.6种残留溶剂具有良好的分离效果,整体回收率在92.7%～101.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.5%～2.8%之间,6种残留溶剂检出限(S/N=3)依次为1.5,2.8,2.5,12.0,1.7,1.6 mg·L-1.     

聚硫堇/亚铁氰根修饰碳糊电极的研制及其在维生素B6测定中的应用

采用循环伏安法在碳糊电极上通过共聚的方式电化学聚合制备了聚硫堇/亚铁氰根修饰碳糊电极(PTH/[Fe(CN)6]4-/CPE)。与聚硫堇修饰碳糊电极(PTH/CPE)相比,该修饰电极在4.5mol.L-1乙酸底液中,产生一对明显的氧化还原峰,表明Fe2+已被成功地引入聚合膜中。结果表明:PTH/[Fe(CN)6]4-/CPE对维生素B6具有明显的电催化氧化作用,在优化的试验条件下,测得维生素B6浓度在3.0×10-5～1.0×10-3 mol.L-1范围内与氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为6.0×10-6 mol.L-1。修饰电极用于测定药物中维生素B6含量,回收率在94.5%～101%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.8%～2.3%之间。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.