表面活性剂改性的铝交联粘土的表征及其水蒸汽减活动力学研究

以聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）为支撑前体合成出改性的铝交联蒙脱土与铝交联累托土。采用ＸＲＤ、Ｎ２低温吸附脱附法、ＩＲ等手段对它们进行了表征，并研究了它们在不同时间与温度条件下的水蒸汽减活动力学。研究结果表明，ＰＶＡ的改性有助于铝交联粘土层间距与比表面积的增大及热稳定性与水热稳定性的提高，粘土基质对其热稳定性与水热稳定性有显著影响，该类催化材料的水蒸汽减活动力学遵循一级衰减反应方程式，其减活速率常数与温度的函数关系可用一个指数函数的经验式表示。     

介孔固体超强酸催化剂的制备与结构表征

以累托土为基质,采用硅锆双组分交联剂和SO₄^2-改性的方法,研制交联粘土介孔固体超强酸(SO₄^2-/SiZrR),借助XRD, BET法,FT-IR, Hammett指示剂法,NH₃-TPD, Py-IR和DTA等现代分析测试方法,表征其结构.实验结果表明:500℃焙烧后,SO₄^2-/SiZrR的Hammett酸度函数H_o＜-11.93,最可几孔径分布在2.3 nm左右,具有超强酸性和介孔结构;其超强酸中心属于L酸中心,是主要的催化活性中心;硅锆双组分交联柱能使交联粘土的热稳定性提高,以累托土为基质的交联粘土比以蒙脱土为基质的交联粘土热稳定性高.     

含铁镍皂石的合成与交联的研究

用水热法合成出铁皂石和铁镍皂石,用羟基铝作交联剂制备了交联粘土.经XRD、DTA、IR、TPR、Mssbauer谱和化学分析表征,证明铁进入了粘土层骨架,铝交联可能作用在四面体铁上.形成Al_p-O-Fe键.     

“层柱”粘土分子筛稳定性的研究

用差热分析及测定高温水蒸汽减活处理后轻柴油微反裂化活性的方法,表征了交联蒙皂石类“层柱“粘土分子筛的热稳定性及水热稳定性,证明它远远低于REY型分子筛裂化催化剂,甚至低于无定形硅铝催化剂。用X射线衍射方法分析了它的热破坏过程,说明破坏首先是从“层”和“柱”的接头开始,层间域消失,催化活性也相应丧失;继而才是蒙皂石的2:1层破坏。为改进稳定性必须使“层”、“柱”之间的原子形成稳定的配位键。在此础基上,研制成功一种高稳定性的“层柱”粘土分子筛。此样品经800℃常压100%水蒸汽处理17小时后,层间距基本不变,微反活性保留初活性的90%,同样条件下REY型分子筛只保留初活性的52%。新型“层柱”粘土分子筛的水热稳定性超过REY分子筛裂化催化剂。     

羟基锆及锆铝交联粘土的合成与表征

制备了锆交联粘土和锆铝交联粘土。锆交联粘土制备条件的研究表明，直接用ＺｒＯＣｌ２．８Ｈ２Ｏ水溶液作交联剂，延长老化时间和增大交联剂浓度有利于制备大比表面积高温有序的锆交联粘土。     

丝光沸石的疏水化研究

采用不同的脱铝方法得到Ｓｉ／Ａｌ比为１５～１１２的丝光沸石，用ＩＲ方法测定了样品的脱铝空穴含量，并考察样品的热稳定性和疏水性，实验结果表明，脱铝后形成的大量末端硅羟基仍有亲水性，因而单纯酸脱铝疏水化效果有限，用水蒸汽处理或（ＮＨ４）２ＳｉＦ６补硅的方法使沸石表面硅羟基转变成≡Ｓｉ－Ｏ－Ｓｉ≡键，能显著地提高沸石疏水性。     

敏感1000倍的量热计

敏感１０００倍的量热计ＩＢＭ的科学家们开发了一种新的量热计。这种量热计比原有的量热计对温度要敏感１０００倍，其检测温度变化的范围可达１０－５Ｋ，且价格相对低廉。这种量热计的基点在于一个镀有铝层的微型机械硅杠杆。由于硅和铝的热膨胀系数不同（双金属效应）...     

高硅分子筛MCM-41热稳定性与水热稳定性的初步研究

高硅分子筛ＭＣＭ－４１热稳定性与水热稳定性的初步研究董维阳,龙英才,郜晓琴,许太明,谢关根,高滋（复旦大学化学系,上海,２００４３３）关键词高硅分子筛ＭＣＭ－４１,热稳定性,水热稳定性,环己烷吸附等温线ＭＣＭ－４１是最近几年刚刚发现的中孔分子筛（Ｍ４...     

前驱体组装高水热稳定性介孔分子筛MSU-S

采用硅铝基微孔分子筛前驱体,组装合成出高水热稳定性的介孔分子筛MSU-S,并采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、BET等考察了硅铝基前驱体的晶化时间对MSU-S有序度和水热稳定性的影响.结果表明,利用晶化一定时间的前驱体,可以组装出有序度高、水热稳定性好的介孔分子筛MSU-S,该分子筛经800℃水热处理2 h后,还可以保留完整的介孔结构.     

脱铝八面沸石的研究——Ⅲ.稳定性

以NaY沸石为原料,用SiCl_4同晶取代法制备了不同硅铝比且具有高结晶度的八面沸石,进一步将样品交换成铵型。还制备了超稳Y样品及铝交换型八面沸石。研究结果表明,随骨架硅铝比提高,八面沸石的骨架稳定性、热稳定性及水热稳定性均得到很大改善。骨架外铝会使较低硅铝比样品的水热稳定性变差。钠型及铵型样品在不同硅铝比时,对稳定性有不同影响。在骨架硅铝比相近情况下,SiC1_4脱铝沸石(DNH_4Y)较水热法脱铝沸石(USY)有好得多的热稳定性,然而二者却具有相近的水热稳定性。     

The microstructural study of thermal treatment montmorillonite from Heping, China

The montmorillonite samples from Heping, China had been studied by chemical analysis, DAT, TG, XRD and MAS NMR. The results showed that the hydroxyl in octahedra sheets begins dehydrating, when the thermal treatment temperature reaches 650 degrees C, but the layer structure remains, the corresponding Al(VI) was turned into Al(IV) in octahedra sheets. When the temperature reaches 900 degrees C, the layer structure of montmorillonite is destroyed, and the new mineral phase mu-cordierite is found. When the temperature reaches 1200 degrees C, the mu-cordierite phase loses stability, and decomposes into cristobalite phase and mullite phase, meanwhile, the recrystallization phenomena in thermal treatment products is obvious. There is a small quantity of Al(VI) signal in MAS NMR spectrum, this Al(VI) corresponds to the Al of mullite. When the temperature reaches 1350 degrees C, the cristobalite and mullite phases reduce slightly, and more Fe-cordierite phase appear. There is corresponding Fe-cordierite spectrum in XRD and MAS NMR.     

交联蒙脱土负载型Cu催化剂用于CH4燃烧反应的研究

在蒙脱土原粉中引入Al-、AlZr-、AlCe-交联剂，分别制备交联蒙脱土。测试表明：与蒙脱土原粉相比，Al-、AlZr-、AlCe-交联蒙脱土的底面间距明显增大，热稳定性显著提高；AlZr-、AlCe-交联蒙脱土的底面间距比Al-交联蒙脱土更大，热稳定性更高。以交联蒙脱土为载体，制得负载型Cu催化剂，考察了它们对甲烷燃烧反应的催化活性。结果表明：AlZr-、AlCe-交联蒙脱土催化剂活性明显高于Al-交联蒙脱土催化剂，反应温度为550 ℃时，甲烷在AlZr-、AlCe-交联蒙脱土催化剂上的转化率约90%。     

层柱人工水热合成皂石的制备与表征(英)

利用具有理想皂石结构的人工水热合成蒙皂石为层原料，通过与羟基聚合铝离子（[Al₁₃O₄(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺）交换反应合成得到了一种层柱粘土。实验对于该铝柱皂石进行了粉末XRD，FT-IR和TG-DTA表征。氮气吸附实验说明其高温活化（773K，2 h）产物具有很高的BET比表面（360 m²·g^-1）。相对于层柱蒙脱土，层柱皂石显示了更高的催化裂解性能和热稳定性。层柱皂石的异丙苯裂解转化率达到了65%；而层柱蒙脱土的转化率只有4%。这说明层材料的四面体取代对于层柱粘土Br?nsted酸位的形成具有重要的决定作用。氨程序升温脱附实验发现铝柱皂石在350～650 ℃区间具有较强的氨脱附量，表明层柱皂石具有层柱蒙脱土所没有的强酸中心。     

新型茂钛催化剂原位本体聚合法制备间规聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

采用多碳氨基酸对蒙脱土进行改性 ,得到改性蒙脱土 (MTN) ,并使其层间距扩大 ,在一定条件下用茂金属催化剂Cp Ti(O C6 H4 F) 3 进行苯乙烯原位聚合发现 ,在氨基酸改性的蒙脱土存在下 ,茂金属催化剂活性有所提高 ,能制得间规聚苯乙烯 (sPS) 蒙脱土纳米复合材料 ,考察了蒙脱土用量对配位聚合的影响及该复合材料的形态结构、热稳定性和结晶性能     

Investigation of structure and thermal stability of surfactant-modified Al-pillared montmorillonite

For combining the properties of organoclays and pillared clays, inorganic–organic clays have attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, Al Keggin cation pillared montmorillonites (Al-Mts) were first prepared and parts of Al-Mts were calcined at different temperatures (C-Al-Mts). The inorganic–organic montmorillonites were synthesized by intercalating Al-Mts and C-Al-Mts with the cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMAB). The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis. For HDTMAB-modified uncalcined Al Keggin cation pillared montmorillonites (H-Al-Mts), the basal spacing increased with the increment of surfactant loading level, but the Al content of H-Al-Mts decreased simultaneously, indicating that the intercalated surfactant replaced some Al Keggin cations in the interlayer space. However, in the case of C-Al-Mts, the interlayer spaces could not be further expanded after surfactant modification, implying that the neighboring montmorillonite layers were “locked” by the aluminum pillars which were formed by dehydroxylation of Al Keggin cation pillars during thermal treatment. The thermal stability of HDTMAB-modified C-Al-Mts (H-C-Al-Mts) was much better than that of H-Al-Mts. The major mass loss of H-C-Al-Mts occurred at ca. 410 °C, corresponding to decomposition of intercalated surfactant cations. In contrast, H-Al-Mts displayed two mass loss temperatures at ca. 270 and 410 °C, corresponding to the evaporation of surfactant molecules and the decomposition of surfactant cations in the interlayer space, respectively.     

Thermal behaviour of montmorillonite pillared with different metal oxides

Natural montmorillonite was pillared by various polyhydroxy cations. The resulting pillared layer clays (PILCs) were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopies. The thermal behaviour of Al-PILC was investigated in detail by a combonation of XRD, derivatography IR spectroscopy and a comparison to natural montmorillonite is given. It was found that thermal stability of Al-PILC is lower than that of natural montmorillonite. However, heat treatment in the stability region results in significant sintering of natural montmorillonite, while the interlayer spacing of Al-PILC is hardly affected.     

部份层无序铝交联蒙脱土结构的研究

应用非完整晶体的XRD衍射及阳离子交换量的测定等实验数据, 得出了铝交联蒙脱土的三维结构模型. 结构中Al(III)多数以十三聚体形式进入层间, 层间距为1.97 nm, 几率为0.65, 少数以六聚体形式进入层间, 层间距为1.5 nm, 几率为0.25, 其余10%的层间仅为水分子. 并给出了交联柱子在层间的分布与层单元之间的连接方式. 目前通用的以Bragg公式计算所得的d_(001)值来表征交联浆脱土的层间距是不确切的.     

Thermogravimetric Analysis for Acidity Determination in Pillared Clays

Thermogravimetric analysis of pyridine adsorption was applied to study the acidity at different temperatures of clays pillared with Al pillars and mixed Al-Ga pillars, in relation to the starting montmorillonite. These results were compared with those obtained by means of a pulse-chromatographic technique. The pillaring process produces a large number of acid centers in the samples. Al-Ga-PILC has a higher acidity than Al-PILC. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.