2-巯基喹啉包裹的金纳米颗粒的制备及其电化学性质

纳米材料特有的尺寸效应、量子效应和表面效应使其具有许多异于常规材料的性质 ,在催化、生物传感器、微电子器件和磁性材料等诸多领域都有广泛的应用前景 [1] .已有专家预言 ,与纳米材料相关的技术将在新世纪经济发展中起主导作用 ,对其研究是目前科学研究中的热点 .金纳米颗粒是目前研究得最多的金属纳米材料体系 .传统的金纳米颗粒的制备方法以溶胶 -凝胶法为主 [2～ 4 ] ,所制备的金纳米颗粒的粒径较大 (一般大于 1 0 nm) ,粒径分布不均匀 ,易于团聚 ,因而限制了其应用 .为了解决上述问题 ,Brust等 [5]将硫醇化合物在金属表面的自组装…     

活细胞合成无机纳米材料

纳米材料由于优异的光学、电学、磁学等性质,而被广泛应用于生物检测、示踪、光电转换及光热治疗等研究中.通过调节纳米材料的组成、结构、尺寸及形貌等,可以有效地调控纳米材料的性能,已发展的化学合成方法在实现纳米材料性能的调控方面取得了很大进展.随着化学、材料学及生物学等多学科的交叉,人们开始探索在纳米材料的合成中利用生物体系的调控网络来进行合成控制,以期更精确地控制纳米材料的结构及其性质,从而出现了纳米材料的活细胞合成方法.由于活细胞内的反应均受到精确调控,如果能被科学地利用,将可望实现纳米材料组成、结构、尺寸、形貌和性质的控制.     

电化学方法调控荧光碳点的研究

作为零维碳基发光纳米材料,碳点是对现有发光纳米材料的重要补充. 精准控制粒径及表面结构对实现碳点的性质调控及其应用至关重要. 本文介绍了本课题组在利用电化学方法研究荧光碳点方面的进展. 重点展示了利用电化学方法实现对碳点粒径的控制,对表面氧化程度的调节以及对其发光机理的研究. 电化学方法可对只有几纳米厚度的材料表面进行有效的控制,可操作性强且经济环保. 通过对碳点的粒径及表面的调控,作者也进一步揭示了碳点的发光与表面结构的相关性. 这些工作为碳点的合成及其性质调控提供了可循的规律,有利于推动碳点在生物医生成像、传感检测、催化及能源转化等领域的应用.     

纳米MnO_2粉体的固相合成及其电化学性能 (Ⅲ)固相氧化还原反应合成纳米α-MnO_2的性能

纳米材料在光、电、磁方面的特性使其在催化,磁性材料,传感器,医学,生物学等方面有特殊应用．纳米材料比常规电极在电化学性能方面有一定的优越性［１～５］．已成功地合成出多种纳米材料［６,７］．本文采用固相氧化还原反应体系直接合成出纳米αＭｎＯ２,并用Ｘ...     

环境中纳米材料的分离与分析方法

随着纳米科技的发展和纳米材料的广泛应用,进入环境中的纳米材料必将随之增加。由于纳米材料可能对生态环境和人体健康带来潜在的危害,了解环境中纳米材料的浓度水平和行为有助于正确认识和评价纳米材料的环境风险,并做出相应的防治对策。然而,纳米材料所具有的诸多特殊性质直接影响它们的环境行为和生态毒性,因此,环境中纳米材料的分析不仅包括浓度的定量测定,还包括对其组成、粒径和表面电荷等性质的表征,是一项具有挑战性的工作。本文综述了近年来关于环境纳米材料分离、表征及检测的相关手段和方法,重点包括场流分离、色谱分离和电泳分离在纳米材料分离以及显微和谱学技术在纳米材料分析中的应用;提出了一些思考和展望,希望能够增进对环境中纳米材料分离和分析方法的了解,有助于纳米材料环境分析方法的建立和推动纳米材料环境行为和生态毒理研究的进一步规范。     

DNALB膜的AFM形貌观察

DNA分子本身所具有的独特性质使其在生物学、医学和遗传学等领域占有极其重要的位置 ,近年来 ,人们意识到利用 DNA作为模板剂建造具有特殊结构和功能的纳米材料的可行性 [1] ,如 Braun等 [2 ]将寡聚核苷酸连接在两个金电极之间 ,用 DNA分子作为模板剂生长出 1 2 μm长、直径 1 0 0 nm的银纳米线 ;Mirkin等 [3]将 3 和 5 端连有巯基的寡聚核苷酸与金纳米粒子结合 ,通过互补的碱基形成介观尺寸的组装体 ;Alivisatos等 [4]利用 DNA的特点 ,使其与之相连的金纳米粒子按预计的形式排布形成人造分子 .我们尝试利用 LB技术将 DNA分子复合到…     

稀土纳米材料的制备与组装

稀土元素具有特殊的电子构型，使其在许多领域得到十分广泛的应用。稀土纳米化将有助于发现新性质、开拓新材料，因此，稀土纳米材料已经成为研究的热点。综述了各种形态稀土纳米材料的制备和性质、稀土纳米材料的复合与组装等方面的进展。     

碳纳米管与生物分子的相互作用*

碳纳米管是一种具有特殊结构和性质的新型一维纳米材料,在生物学和临床医学上已有许多应用研究。大量研究表明,碳纳米管在药物载体、医学成像、疾病检测等方面有广泛的应用前景,碳纳米管与生物分子相互作用的具体机理和形式也成为目前研究的热门方向。本文总结了近几年来碳纳米管与氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、酶、DNA等多种生物分子之间的相互作用,并对碳纳米管的生物学效应进行了相关综述。     

SnO2纳米材料的制备及其对丙烯醛还原反应的催化性能

 采用柠檬酸法制备了SnO2纳米材料,并采用差热-热重、 X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和氮吸附等技术对其进行了表征,考察了其在丙烯醛还原制烯丙醇反应中的催化性能. 结果显示,制备的SnO2纳米材料粒径(尺寸为8～10 nm)均一, 并具有多孔性质(孔径4～6 nm); 在丙烯醛还原制烯丙醇反应中具有良好的催化性能,催化剂的初始活性很高,丙烯醛的初始转化率可达93.6%, 烯丙醇的最高选择性为60%, 烯丙醇的最高收率为47%. 表面结焦是造成催化剂失活的主要原因.     

化学还原法制备多形貌银纳米材料

银纳米材料因具有导热导电性能好、光电性能优良及抗菌能力强等优点而引起广泛关注,近年来其制备方法得到广泛研究。已报道的制备方法可分为化学法、物理法和生物法等,其中化学还原法可以通过使用不同的还原剂、包裹试剂及助剂,实现不同形貌及粒径的银纳米材料的快速制备。本文综述了化学还原法制备颗粒状、线形、片状、立方体及其它形貌的银纳米材料的原理及应用,并展望了银纳米材料工业化制备及应用研究的发展趋势。可控制备多形貌银纳米材料对于电子行业、医药生物以及传感器等相关领域的发展具有重要意义。     

金属纳米粒子/聚合物体系的稳定性及其机理

金属纳米粒子由于其小的尺寸和大的比表面积等特点，使其具有独特的热性能、电性能、磁性能和光性能，以及很强的团聚趋势。因此金属纳米粒子是否被稳定在纳米尺度内，是它们能否表现出独特性能的关键。本文综述了非离子聚合物、聚电解质、两亲聚合物、双亲水聚合物、树状聚合物对金属纳米粒子的稳定作用及其稳定机理的研究进展。     

金属纳米粒子/聚合物体系的稳定性及其机理

金属纳米粒子由于其小的尺寸和大的比表面积等特点,使其具有独特的热性能、电性能、磁性能和光性能,以及很强的团聚趋势。因此金属纳米粒子是否被稳定在纳米尺度内,是它们能否表现出独特性能的关键。本文综述了非离子聚合物、聚电解质、两亲聚合物、双亲水聚合物、树状聚合物对金属纳米粒子的稳定作用及其稳定机理的研究进展。     

Nanoisozymes: Crystal‐Facet‐Dependent Enzyme‐Mimetic Activity of V2O5 Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials with enzyme‐like activity (nanozymes) attract significant interest owing to their applications in biomedical research. Particularly, redox nanozymes that exhibit glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐like activity play important roles in cellular signaling by controlling the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) level. Herein we report, for the first time, that the redox properties and GPx‐like activity of V₂O₅ nanozyme depends not only on the size and morphology, but also on the crystal facets exposed on the surface within the same crystal system of the nanomaterials. These results suggest that the surface of the nanomaterials can be engineered to fine‐tune their redox properties to act as “nanoisozymes” for specific biological applications.     

Facile Synthesis of Uniform Zinc-blende ZnS Nanospheres with Excellent Photocatalytic Activity toward Methylene Blue Degradation

Uniform and well-dispersed Zn S nanospheres have been successfully synthesized via a facile chemical route. The crystal structure, morphology, surface area and photocatalytic properties of the sample were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) and ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis) spectrum. The results of characterizations indicate that the products are identified as mesoporous zinc-blende ZnS nanospheres with an average diameter of 200 nm, which are comprised of nanoparticles with the crystallite size of about 3.2 nm calculated by XRD. Very importantly, photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB) shows that the as-prepared Zn S nanospheres exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity with nearly 100% of MB decomposed after UV-light irradiation for 25 min. The excellent photocatalytic activity of ZnS nanospheres can be ascribed to the large specific surface area and hierarchical mesoporous structure.     

Symbiosis Between Photoactive Nanoparticles and their Organic Ligands

Photoactive spherical metal and semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) are smart systems that exhibit unique properties, such as a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, a broad absorption spectrum and size‐dependent properties. They are capped with a considerable number of ligands required to give rise to stable organic and aqueous NP colloidal solutions. In addition, the ligands can also be used to introduce functionality at the NP periphery. In this case, the NP could act as a 3D‐scaffold, which would make a high local concentration of a functional moiety at the NP periphery possible, moreover, the photophysical properties of the NP could be tuned. The combined action of the organic capping and the inorganic core can exert an encapsulating effect, i.e. the organic capping could establish specific interactions with nearby molecules and this would enable the molecules to approach or interact with the NP surface. Therefore, the NP core and the ligand can work together providing the overall hybrid system with new properties or capacities. The relevance of the cooperative action between the spherical photoactive core and the capping are shown in this report with several recent examples developed by my research group, some of them in collaboration with other groups.     

Synthesis,structure evolution,and optical properties of gold nanobones

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Anisotropic nanoparticles, such as rods or bones, exhibit new properties due to their specific geometries. The development of unique properties on the surface...     

氧化锆填料的高效液相色谱性能评价

研究了采用溶胶－凝胶技术制备的４－６μｍ粒径氧化锆微球的晶体结构,比表面积,孔容,孔径分布及表面酸碱性,测得氧化锆以单斜相和四方相２种相存在。微球的比表面积为２１ｍ６２／ｇ;总孔容为０．１２８０ｃｍ＾３／Ｌ;平均孔直径为８．６ｎｍ。氧化锆的表面存在酸碱两性。分别以异丙醇／环己烷,二氧甲烷／环己烷及三氯甲烷／环己烷为流动相研究了苯酚衍生物,芳香烃衍生物及苯胺等碱性化合物的保留行为。     

掺杂ZnCl2对酚醛树脂炭化物结构与性能的影响

对可溶性酚醛树脂进行ZnCl₂掺杂,详细讨论了ZnCl₂的掺杂对酚醛树脂炭材料结构和性能的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)及表面吸附实验(BET)等测试手段,对掺杂ZnCl₂后的炭化物进行了结构表征及电化学性能测试.结果表明,掺入ZnCl₂后炭化物的微晶尺寸和层间距变大,微粒大小趋于均匀,微粒及微粒内部孔径均为纳米级,孔径明显增大,比表面积大幅度地增加.用该热(裂)解材料作电极,其可逆容量达745mA·h/g.     

Controlling electrospun nanofiber morphology and mechanical properties using humidity

Electrospinning is a fiber spinning technique used to produce nanoscale polymeric fibers with superior interconnectivity and specific surface area. The fiber diameter, surface morphology, and mechanical strength are important properties of electrospun fibers that can be tuned for diverse applications. In this study, the authors investigate how the humidity during electrospinning influences these specific properties of the fiber mat. Using two previously uninvestigated polymers, poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and polysulfone (PSU) dissolved in N,N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF), experimental results show that increasing humidity during spinning causes an increase in fiber diameter and a decrease in mechanical strength. Moreover, surface features such as roughness or pores become evident when electrospinning in an atmosphere with high relative humidity (RH). However, PAN and PSU fibers are affected differently. PAN has a narrower distribution of fiber diameter regardless of the RH, whereas PSU has a wider and more bimodal distribution under high RH. In addition, PSU fibers spun at high humidity exhibit surface pores and higher specific surface area whereas PAN fibers exhibit an increased surface roughness but no visible pores. These fiber morphologies are caused by a complex interaction between the nonsolvent (water), the hygroscopic solvent (DMF), and the polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011     

Pore Structure Simulation of Gels with a Binary Monomer Size Distribution

The pore size distribution in silica gels can be tailored by the addition of silica soot particles during the gel formation. We introduce a numerical model in order to simulate the structure of this “composite gel”. The algorithm is based on Diffusion-Limited Cluster-Cluster Aggregation model with an initial binary distribution of monomer sizes. The textural properties of the simulated gels are calculated using a simple triangulation method. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments show that with the powder addition the mean pore size is shifted towards larger pore size and the specific surface area decreases. Numerical results of the mean pore size, specific surface area, and particles are in good agreement with experimental data. Because of these textural properties this new type of gels and aerogels has larger permeability and interesting properties as host matrix. The composite gels and the numerical model could also be helpful to simulate the natural allophanic gel found in volcanic soils.