水溶性银纳米材料的制备及抗菌性能研究进展

综述了近年来水溶性银纳米材料的研究进展;主要介绍了水溶性银纳米材料的制备方法、产物形貌和作为抗菌材料的应用,并对其发展前景作了展望.指出水溶性银纳米材料的制备方法主要有相转移法、化学还原法等;合成得到的Ag纳米材料呈球形、线形、棒状、三角形、立方形和树枝晶状等多种形貌.作为一类性能优异的新型抗菌材料,水溶性Ag纳米材料的抗菌性能与其粒径和形貌相关.     

荧光银簇的制备、性能及应用研究进展

银簇是一类粒径为1-2 nm的银纳米材料,其除具有特殊的光、电、磁及催化等性能,还具有低毒、强荧光、生物相容性等特殊的物理、化学等特性。因此被广泛应用于生物检测、环境监测等领域。以银簇为研究对象,对银簇的制备、银簇的性能和银簇的应用进行综述。总结了荧光银簇的制备、性能和应用方面的最新研究进展。     

铜纳米材料的制备

纳米铜由于其独特的物理化学性质以及在光学、电子、催化、抗菌、润滑、聚合物填充改性等领域的广泛应用得到了人们越来越多的关注。近年来研究者已经利用多种合成方法制备了不同尺寸和形貌的铜纳米材料。本文综述了目前铜纳米材料的几种常用的制备方法,包括化学还原法、微乳液法、多元醇法、有机前驱体热分解法、电化学法等,评述了这些方法的优缺点。在化学还原法中配体对无机纳米材料的表面修饰起着至关重要的作用,因而我们详细介绍了不同分子配体在铜纳米材料尺寸和形貌控制以及表面功能化等方面的特点和作用。最后结合本课题组在纳米材料制备方面的工作,对铜纳米材料的发展进行了展望。     

单分散性银纳米粒子的可控制备

以卤化银或氧化银作为前驱体,室温下以水为溶剂,在较高溶液浓度下,利用化学还原法制备了单分散性银纳米粒子,并通过改变前驱体的种类,实现了粒径可控制备。采取扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外-可见光谱仪（UV-Vis）、X射线-粉末衍射仪（XRD）、X射线-光电子能谱仪（XPS）等对所制备的银纳米粒子的形貌及成分进行了表征。结果显示,所制备的银纳米粒子具有较高的单分散性,粒径在40~150 nm之间,具有面心立方多晶结构。该方法制备的银纳米粒子可用于喷墨打印RFID天线。     

金属纳米颗粒制备中的还原剂与修饰剂*

金属纳米颗粒由于其独特的光学、电学、化学性质以及各种潜在的应用价值,受到不少研究人员的广泛关注。实现金属纳米粒子尺寸、形貌可控,改善粒子分散性和稳定性,提高产率及纯度已成为具有挑战性的研究课题,不断发展和完善金属纳米粒子的合成方法则显得尤为重要。本文总结了目前制备金属纳米材料的几种化学方法：化学试剂还原法、电化学还原法、辐射还原法等,分类介绍了化学试剂还原法中常用的无机、有机还原剂,以及含氮、磷、羧基、巯基小分子有机化合物以及高分子聚合物等修饰剂并重点总结了其还原和修饰机理。     

超细核壳铜-银双金属粉末的抗氧化性能研究

本文采用液相化学还原法分别制备了粒径均为50 nm和 1 μm的超细铜粉末，采用置换反应法制备得到了与原铜粉粒径和形貌大致相同的核壳铜-银双金属粉末，用热重仪和XRD衍射仪分别测定了铜－银双金属粉末的热重曲线和XRD图谱，研究了粉末的抗氧化性能。并用透射电子显微镜和X射线荧光光谱仪对粉末的形貌和组成进行了测定。     

银纳米片的研究进展

金属纳米材料具有不同于宏观块体材料的特殊性质. 在银纳米结构中, 银纳米片因其独特的形貌依赖光学性质备受关注, 该特性已在离子检测、分子染色、表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)、表面荧光增强、生物医学等领域显示了重要应用价值. 本文从银纳米片的制备方法入手, 首先综述了银纳米片的各种制备方法以及实验条件(如光照的波长、表面活性剂种类、还原剂种类)对产物形貌的影响. 其次介绍了银纳米片的奇特光学性质, 总结了银纳米片的几种重要生长机制, 最后介绍了银纳米片的应用价值, 并对银纳米片的研究前景做了展望.     

石墨烯/纳米银复合材料的制备及其应用研究进展

石墨烯/纳米银复合材料由于两种纳米材料产生的协同效应,使其具有多种优异的性能,从而在许多领域表现出巨大的应用潜能.以石墨烯/纳米银复合材料为综述对象,详细的介绍了它的制备方法,包括微波辐射法、液相合成法、热还原法、化学还原法、电沉积法和电子束辐射法等,以及在电化学、生物检测、抑菌抗菌、催化剂和环境治理方面的应用,并对其今后的研究方向和发展前景进行了展望.     

热液法制备磁性纳米材料

磁性纳米材料作为新兴的无机功能材料,因其具有与常规材料不同的特殊性质,如高比表面积、强磁响应性、良好的化学稳定性和生物相容性等,被广泛应用在生物合成、生物分离、生物传感器、免疫测定、有机催化、药物传输、数据存储和环境治理等方面。目前合成磁性纳米材料的方法主要有化学共沉降法、高温热分解法、溶胶-凝胶法及热液法等。由于热液法具有条件简易、成本低廉、反应活性高、产率可观和绿色环保等优势,近年来受到了广泛的关注,并已应用在工业生产中。本文根据磁性材料组成与构成方式的不同,综述了热液法合成磁性纳米材料的研究进展。     

金属硅化物纳米材料的化学合成

金属硅化物具有很高的熔点、较低的电阻率、很好的化学稳定性和热稳定性等性能，因此得到了广泛的重视。本课题组最近发展了熔盐（无机溶剂）法、四氯化硅溶剂热法、以氟硅酸钠为硅源的共还原法制备金属硅化物纳米材料等方法。本文就金属硅化物纳米材料化学合成的方法进行了综述。     

在线性壳聚糖膜内原位还原制备银纳米粒子及银单晶体

采用光还原方法，在线性壳聚糖膜内原位还原获得球形银粒子(粒径10～30 nm)和外观呈三角形、六边形的银单晶体(边长200～2000 nm)；采用电化学方法，在壳聚糖膜内制备了球形银纳米粒子，粒径为5～8 nm.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)等测试技术对壳聚糖/银复合物进行了表征，对光还原过程中银晶体结构由多晶到单晶的转变原因进行了初步的分析和探讨.     

A biologically friendly approach for silver nanoparticle formation and their in situ attachment to lecithin vesicles

There has been a keen interest for developing a biologically friendly approach for the preparation of silver nanoparticles for their application reasons. A biocompatible, single step method is established for the preparation of silver nanoparticles in lecithin (Egg phosphatidylcholine)/water systems where lecithin itself acts as a reductant for silver nitrate to form the silver nanoparticles. In another attempt, silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized inside the lecithin vesicles and were found attached to the bilayers of lecithin vesicles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report where a biological surfactant has acted as a mild reducing agent for silver nitrate by itself to form silver nanoparticles.     

Effect of ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) on the growth, stabilization and morphology of silver nanoparticles

The effect of ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) in stabilizing different shapes of silver nanoparticles have been examined by electronic absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by two methods, i.e. γ-irradiation and chemical reduction method. Two types of effects of EGTA were identified which lead to the formation of truncated triangular silver nanoplates and chain—like silver aggregates respectively. Time-dependent infrared attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) studies showed that the nature of adsorption of EGTA on the silver nanoparticle surface influences the shape of the nanoparticles. Pulse radiolysis studies showed the mechanism of formation of the initial silver nanoclusters.     

A facile route to synthesize silver nanoparticles in polyelectrolyte capsules

We are reporting a novel green approach to incorporate silver nanoparticles (NPs) selectively in the polyelectrolyte capsule shell for remote opening of polyelectrolyte capsules. This approach involves in situ reduction of silver nitrate to silver NPs using PEG as a reducing agent (polyol reduction method). These nanostructured capsules were prepared via layer by layer (LbL) assembly of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and dextran sulfate (DS) on silica template followed by the synthesis of silver NPs and subsequently the dissolution of the silica core. The size of silver nanoparticles synthesized was 60±20 nm which increased to 100±20 nm when the concentration of AgNO(3) increased from 25 mM to 50 mM. The incorporated silver NPs induced rupture and deformation of the capsules under laser irradiation. This method has advantages over other conventional methods involving chemical agents that are associated with cytotoxicity in biological applications such as drug delivery and catalysis.     

Colloidal silver nanoparticles stabilized by a water-soluble triosmium cluster

Silver nanoparticles stabilized by the water soluble triosmium cluster Os₃(μ-H)(CO)₁₀S(CH₂)₁₀COO]Na were prepared by both photochemical and chemical reduction of silver nitrate. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and high resolution TEM. The particles obtained by chemical reduction showed remarkable stability.     

Electrodeposited Silver Nanoparticles on Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode for Electrocatalytic Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide

Silver nanoparticles (narrowly dispersed in diameter) were electrodeposited on carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) surface using a two‐step potentiostatic method. Potentiostatic double pulse technique was used as a suitable and simple method for controlling the size and morphologies of silver nanoparticles electrodeposited on CILE. The obtained silver nanoparticles deposited on CILE surface showed excellent electrocatalytic activity (low overpotential of ?0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl) towards reduction of hydrogen peroxide. A linear dynamic range of 2–200 μM with an experimental detection limit of 0.7 μM (S/N=3) and reproducibility of 4.1% (n=5) make the constructed sensor suitable for peroxide determination in aqueous solutions.     

A fast and low‐cost spray method for prototyping and depositing surface‐enhanced Raman scattering arrays on microfluidic paper based device

In this study, a fast, low‐cost, and facile spray method was proposed. This method deposits highly sensitive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the paper‐microfluidic scheme. The procedures for substrate preparation were studied including different strategies to synthesize AgNPs and the optimization of spray cycles. In addition, the morphologies of the different kinds of paper substrates were characterized by SEM and investigated by their SERS signals. The established method was found to be favorable for obtaining good sensitivity and reproducible results. The RSDs of Raman intensity of randomly analyzing 20 spots on the same paper or different filter papers depositing AgNPs are both below 15%. The SERS enhancement factor is approximately 2 × 10⁷. The whole fabrication is very rapid, robust, and does not require specific instruments. Furthermore, the total cost for 1000 pieces of chip is less than $20. These advantages demonstrated the potential for growing SERS applications in the area of environmental monitoring, food safety, and bioanalysis in the future.     

Green synthesis of antibacterial chitosan films loaded with silver nanoparticles

An eco-friendly chemical reduction method was successfully used for the preparation of chitosan (CTS) composite films loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by self assembly method using poly(ethylene glycol) as both reducing and stabilizing agent. UV-Vis spectra of the prepared chitosan loaded silver nanoparticles (CTSLAg) films reveal that full reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles takes place at 90 °C. The effect of reaction conditions on the silver nanoparticles formation was investigated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The morphology of the films was tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DSC curves showed that the CTSLAg film had a favorable compatibility and heat stability. AgNPs were confirmed by XRD and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The TEM findings revealed that the silver nanoparticles synthesized were spherical in shape with uniform dispersal, and by increasing CTS:PEG ratio larger silver nanoparticles could be obtained. The results of antibacterial study reveal that the prepared nanocomposite films exhibited potential inhibition.     

纳米硫化银离子敏感材料的研制

采用均相沉淀法研制了硫化银纳米粒子，并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对粒子进行表征，确定了制备硫化银纳米粒子的最佳工艺路线；用硫化银纳米粒子研制了PVC膜银离子选择性电极，试验表明，此种电极具有良好的性能。     

抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯合成纳米银及其应用

在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)存在下, 硝酸银与没食子酸丙酯在碱性介质中发生还原反应, 制得纳米银; 考察了反应时间、 氢氧化钠浓度、 反应温度以及PG/Ag⁺浓度比等条件对合成纳米银粒子的影响. 利用扫描电子显微镜对纳米银颗粒形貌和尺寸进行了表征, 结果表明获得了分散性良好的球形粒子. 实验中还发现在还原银离子制备纳米银过程中会产生强烈的表面等离子共振峰, 用紫外-可见光谱监测制备过程得到的纳米银紫外吸收带范围为400~450 nm, 最大吸收波长为420 nm, 光谱强度与抗氧化剂的浓度成正比. 将纳米银的这一特性用于定量测定没食子酸丙酯(PG)、 二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、 叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)和叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)等抗氧化剂, 所得检出限分别为0.0752, 0.1242, 0.0693和0.0701 mg/L, 线性范围分别为0.2~1.8, 0.2~3.4, 0.2~3.4和0.2~3.0 mg/L.