氧化锰八面体分子筛：阴阳复合模板剂合成及二甲醚催化燃烧性能

以阴阳复合表面活性剂调控的溶胶凝胶法合成了氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2)。采用TG-DSC、XRD、低温氮气吸附-脱附、TEM、FTIR、UV-Vis、O₂-TPD以及H₂-TPR等技术对制备的材料的结构和氧化还原性能进行了表征,考察了该锰氧化物材料对二甲醚催化燃烧反应的催化性能。结果表明,合成的OMS-2材料属于cryptomelane结构,单独的阴离子或者阳离子表面活性剂作模板剂时,制备的材料其外形均不规整,而采用二者按照一定物质的量的比混合时,可以得到均一的纳米棒状结构。O₂-TPD和H₂-TPR结果说明,制备的OMS-2材料具有丰富的氧物种,低温下易还原,因而在二甲醚催化燃烧中表现出了良好的催化性能。其中采用阴阳复合模板剂制备的样品,具有最低的氧脱附温度和氢气还原温度,因而在二甲醚催化燃烧中表现出最优的催化性能,二甲醚燃烧的完全燃烧温度T₉₀为170 ℃,反应产物仅有CO₂和H₂O。     

Ce掺杂的OMS-2催化剂上二甲醚催化燃烧性能的研究

通过氧化还原法合成了氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2),而后浸渍负载一定量的Ce。采用TG-DSC、XRD、低温氮气吸附-脱附、TEM、FT-IR、Uv-vis、O2-TPD、H2-TPR以及XPS等技术对制备材料的结构和氧化还原性能进行了表征,考察了催化剂的二甲醚催化燃烧反应性能。结果表明,低掺杂量的Ce高度分散在OMS-2中;高含量时存在独立的CeO2。光谱测试结果表明,Ce的掺杂并未对OMS-2的晶型产生影响。XPS结果表明,Ce的掺杂会提高OMS-2中晶格氧的量。O2-TPD和H2-TPR结果表明,制备的催化剂具有比较丰富的氧物种,低温下易还原,因而在二甲醚催化燃烧中表现出了良好的催化活性和热稳定性。起燃温度在160℃左右,完全燃烧温度在170℃左右,反应产物仅有二氧化碳和水,并且反应后催化剂晶型保持不变,没有积炭产生。     

掺Ag对氧化锰八面体分子筛催化CO氧化性能的影响

采用回流法在酸性介质中合成了掺杂贵金属Ag的氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2).利用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附、透射电子显微镜及程序升温脱附(TPD)等技术对固体材料的结构进行了表征,考察了材料对CO氧化反应的催化性能,以及Ag的掺杂对该反应的影响.结果表明,合成的OMS-2材料属于cryptomelane一维隧道结构,适量Ag的掺杂使分子筛的有序性得到改善,孔径更均一.Ag的加入还能明显提高催化剂的反应活性.O2-TPD和CO-TPD实验表明,Ag的引入使材料对CO的吸附性能及晶格氧的扩散能力得到显著增强,这是提高催化剂对CO氧化催化能力的主要原因.     

OMS-2/堇青石整体式催化剂的制备及其对二甲醚燃烧的催化性能

 以有机物为粘合剂, 采用涂覆法制备了氧化锰八面体分子筛 (OMS-2)/堇青石整体式催化剂, 采用热重-差热分析、扫描电镜、X 射线衍射、H2 程序升温还原和 O2 程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂进行了表征, 考察了有机粘合剂种类及其用量对二甲醚 (DME) 催化燃烧性能的影响. 结果表明, 在有机粘合剂聚乙烯醇 1799 (其质量含量为 3%) 的作用下, OMS-2 以相互交织的簇体均匀分布于堇青石表面, 且粘附力较强, 制备的整体式催化剂在 DME 催化燃烧中表现出最优的催化性能, 起燃温度 T10 = 169 oC, 完全转化温度 T90 = 243 oC; 催化剂使用后再经高温焙烧其活性仍能保持稳定, 表现出较高的重复使用性.     

三维有序大孔SnO2基固溶体用于有效燃烧碳烟颗粒

柴油车尾气排放的碳烟颗粒对人类的生存环境和身体健康带来了严重危害.催化燃烧是消除碳烟颗粒污染的有效途径.碳烟颗粒催化燃烧是固-固-气相反应,因此催化剂本身具有活泼的氧中心且其能与碳烟颗粒有效接触是提高反应效率的关键因素.为改善碳烟颗粒与催化剂的接触,设计制备三维有序大孔(3DOM)催化剂,使碳烟颗粒可以进入催化剂孔道内部,增加其与催化剂的有效接触,是提高反应活性的有效途径.此外,在催化剂晶格中掺杂其它金属离子形成固溶体结构,可提高其氧化还原性能,也可有效提高其碳烟燃烧活性.SnO2富含活泼的表面缺位氧和可还原的晶格氧,且其熔点高达1630 oC,具有良好的热稳定性,被广泛用于制备气体传感、电化学和催化等材料.在过去的6年中,本课题组在SnO2催化化学领域做了大量系统的工作,将SnO2基催化材料用于多种环保和能源反应.发现通过其它阳离子Fe3+,Cr3+,Ta5+,Ce4+和Nb5+等的掺杂,替换晶格中部分Sn4+形成金红石型SnO2固溶体结构,可显著提高催化剂氧物种的流动性、活性和本身的热稳定性.本文采用胶体晶体模板法制备出了Ce4+,Mn3+和Cu2+离子掺杂的SnO2三维有序大孔固溶体催化剂用于松散接触条件下的碳烟催化燃烧.采用SEM,TEM,XRD,STEM-mapping,O2-TPD和XPS等手段对催化剂进行表征,研究其碳烟催化燃烧性能.SEM和TEM结果表明已成功合成三维有序大孔结构样品.XRD,Raman和STEM-mapping结果表明,Ce4+,Mn3+和Cu2+离子均进入四方金红石型SnO2晶格形成固溶体结构.另外,Raman,H2-TPR,XPS和O2-TPD等结果发现上述离子掺杂三维大孔SnO2后,催化剂表面形成了更活泼、丰富的氧物种,有利于碳烟颗粒燃烧.其中3DOM-Cu1Sn9催化剂具有最丰富的活泼氧中心,因此表现出最高的活性.     

氧化碳烟的MnOx(0.4)-CeO2催化剂表面活性物种研究

采用柠檬酸配合燃烧法和共沉淀法制备了MnOx(0.4)-CeO2催化剂,用于模拟碳烟的燃烧.通过XRD、BET、Raman、H2-TPR、O2-TPD与XPS表征催化剂的结构和表面活性物种,并借助原位拉曼研究碳烟的催化氧化机理.结果表明柠檬酸配合燃烧法制备的MnOx(0.4)-CeO2-CA催化剂中有更多的Mn进入了CeO2的立方萤石结构,比表面积更大,氧空位、Mn4+和Ce4+更多,因而氧化还原性能更好,催化氧化碳烟的活性更高.O-在碳烟的氧化中起重要作用,Mn4+和Ce4+有利于氧化反应的进行,氧空位的增加能提高氧的吸附、迁移和转化能力,促进了碳烟的氧化.反应路径为O-溢出参与碳烟的氧化,同时产生氧空位,部分晶格氧O2-补充O-,气相氧不断吸附到氧空位上得到活化生成O2-,O2-转化为O-(可进一步转化为O2-),O-迁移至碳烟颗粒表面参与反应,生成CO2.     

锰氧八面体分子筛室温同时去除甲醛和臭氧的性能研究

通过回流法、无溶剂法及水热法合成了3种锰氧八面体分子筛催化剂（OMS-2）,并对其室温同时去除甲醛和臭氧的反应活性进行了研究.结果表明无溶剂法制备的锰氧八面体分子筛（OMS-2-S）具有最高的甲醛转化率,且水气的加入对3种OMS-2催化剂的二氧化碳产率均具有明显的促进作用.并通过XRD、SEM和XPS等技术对催化剂进行表征,考察了催化剂物理化学性质对其催化活性的影响.从表征结果可得,较强的吸附能力、丰富的氧空位及较强的氧物种移动性是OMS-2-S催化剂活性较高的原因.     

钴系尖晶石型复合氧化物的甲烷催化燃烧性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了钴系尖晶石型Co0.5 M0.5 Co2O4(M=Mg、Zn、Ce)复合氧化物催化剂,考察了其对甲烷催化燃烧反应的催化活性,并运用FT-IR、XRD、BET及H2-TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征.实验结果表明,Co0.5 Ce0.5 Co2 O4催化剂有较高的催化活性,与CoO. 5Mg0.5 Co2 O4和Co0.5Zn0.5Co2 O4催化剂相比,Co0.5 Ce0.5Co2 O4催化剂有较高的晶格畸变率、较大的比表面积和孔容、较小的晶粒度、较强的氧活动性和较低的甲烷催化燃烧表观活化能.     

制备方法对氧化锰八面体分子筛的NH_3选择性催化还原NO_x性能的影响

采用不同方法制备了一系列氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2)催化剂,考察了制备方法对其低温NH3-SCR催化性能的影响,并采用BET、XRD、Raman、H2-TPR、XPS和TEM等手段对催化剂的物化性质进行表征。结果表明,OMS-2催化剂在50~150℃时其低温SCR活性明显优于MnOx催化剂,OMS-2催化剂在120℃时NOx转化率接近100%。此外,不同的制备方法对OMS-2催化剂的SCR脱硝活性影响明显。其中,固相法制备的OMS-2催化剂的SCR活性最佳。H2-TPR测试结果表明,OMS-2更容易发生氧化还原反应,MnOx还原峰对应的温度较高。XRD、TEM和XPS分析结果表明,低结晶度和高分散性的无定形催化剂有利于低温SCR反应,较高的表面晶格氧和无定形MnO2物种是OMS-2催化剂具有优异低温SCR活性的主要原因。     

不同前驱体制备的Mn-H4SiW12O40/SiO2 催化剂对二甲醚催化氧化制取甲缩醛反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法分别用硫酸锰、醋酸锰、氯化锰和硝酸锰为原料制备了Mn-H4SiW12O40/SiO2 杂多酸催化剂。在常压连续流动固定床反应器中，考察了二甲醚选择氧化制取甲缩醛的反应活性。实验结果表明，催化剂的催化活性顺序为Mn-Cl2H4SiW12O40/SiO2>Mn(NO3)2H4SiW12O40/SiO2>MnSO4H4SiW12O40/SiO2>Mn(AC)2H4SiW12O40/SiO2。并进一步考察了反应温度对不同锰盐前驱体催化剂性能的影响。结果表明，随温度的升高，硫酸锰修饰的H4SiW12O40/SiO2 催化剂催化氧化比较剧烈，在613K时二甲醚转化率高达42.4%，但此时甲缩醛选择性仅为0.9%。采用氯化锰修饰的H4SiW12O40/SiO2催化剂，二甲醚催化氧化反应较缓和，并且甲缩醛的选择性明显高于分别采用硫酸锰、醋酸锰和硝酸锰改性的催化剂，在593K反应1h时，二甲醚转化率为8.6%，甲缩醛选择性达到37.5%。H2-TPR结果显示，硫酸锰改性的催化剂高温氧化性能明显强于另外三种催化剂，氯化锰的修饰使得催化剂的低温氧化性能变强。XRD结果表明，MnCl2 H4SiW12O40/SiO2催化剂的衍射特征峰明显强于其他三种催化剂，并且发现了MnO2衍射特征峰。     

OMS-2/Al2O3/堇青石整体式催化剂的制备及其催化性能研究

以Al₂O₃/堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2)为活性组分,采用涂覆法制备了系列整体式催化剂。考察了黏合剂种类和活性组分涂覆次数对二甲醚(DME)催化燃烧性能的影响,并对催化剂进行XRD、BET、SEM、H₂-TPR、O₂-TPD等表征。结果表明,以甲氧基聚乙二醇为黏合剂经一次涂覆制备的整体式催化剂的性能最佳,活性组分OMS-2以相互交织的簇体均匀分布在载体上,并与Al₂O₃之间存在较强的相互作用。涂层的添加有效增加了催化剂的比表面积,提高了催化剂的性能,最佳催化活性t₉₀为257 ℃。     

二氧化铈-铈掺杂锰氧化物纳米复合物高效紫外-可见-红外光热催化净化乙酸乙酯

乙酸乙酯是一种重要的有机溶剂,广泛应用于涂料、粘合剂和塑料及石化等工业生产,但作为一种主要的挥发性有机污染物(VOCs),其对大气环境造成严重污染.目前工业上主要采用负载型贵金属催化剂催化燃烧的方法进行净化处理,但该方法存在催化剂价格昂贵和能耗高的问题,迫切需要开发活性高、稳定性好、成本低及能耗小的催化新方法和新材料....     

Structural requirements and reaction pathways in dimethyl ether combustion catalyzed by supported Pt clusters

The identity and reversibility of the elementary steps required for catalytic combustion of dimethyl ether (DME) on Pt clusters were determined by combining isotopic and kinetic analyses with density functional theory estimates of reaction energies and activation barriers to probe the lowest energy paths. Reaction rates are limited by C-H bond activation in DME molecules adsorbed on surfaces of Pt clusters containing chemisorbed oxygen atoms at near-saturation coverages. Reaction energies and activation barriers for C-H bond activation in DME to form methoxymethyl and hydroxyl surface intermediates show that this step is more favorable than the activation of C-O bonds to form two methoxides, consistent with measured rates and kinetic isotope effects. This kinetic preference is driven by the greater stability of the CH3OCH2* and OH* intermediates relative to chemisorbed methoxides. Experimental activation barriers on Pt clusters agree with density functional theory (DFT)-derived barriers on oxygen-covered Pt(111). Measured DME turnover rates increased with increasing DME pressure, but decreased as the O2 pressure increased, because vacancies (*) on Pt surfaces nearly saturated with chemisorbed oxygen are required for DME chemisorption. DFT calculations show that although these surface vacancies are required, higher oxygen coverages lead to lower C-H activation barriers, because the basicity of oxygen adatoms increases with coverage and they become more effective in hydrogen abstraction from DME. Water inhibits reaction rates via quasi-equilibrated adsorption on vacancy sites, consistent with DFT results indicating that water binds more strongly than DME on vacancies. These conclusions are consistent with the measured kinetic response of combustion rates to DME, O2, and H2O, with H/D kinetic isotope effects, and with the absence of isotopic scrambling in reactants containing isotopic mixtures of 18O2-16O2 or 12CH3O12CH3-13CH3O13CH3. Turnover rates increased with Pt cluster size, because small clusters, with more coordinatively unsaturated surface atoms, bind oxygen atoms more strongly than larger clusters and exhibit lower steady-state vacancy concentrations and a consequently smaller number of adsorbed DME intermediates involved in kinetically relevant steps. These effects of cluster size and metal-oxygen bond energies on reactivity are ubiquitous in oxidation reactions requiring vacancies on surfaces nearly saturated with intermediates derived from O2.     

Role of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves in styrene epoxidation

Manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves having 2 x 2 tunnel structure (OMS-2) and synthesized by different methods were used for studying styrene oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. The catalytic activity of the as-synthesized OMS-2 materials was investigated. The physical and chemical properties of the OMS-2 materials are related to their activity in styrene oxidation. This particular study emphasizes the acid-base properties and the porous nature of these materials, and their role in styrene oxidation. Results of styrene oxidation reveal that acidity coupled with high porosity play a crucial role in these catalytic reactions. A desired acidity coupled with pore volume found in OMS-2 synthesized by reflux methods (OMS-2(R)) and high-temperature methods (OMS-2(HT)) produces materials with higher styrene conversion and styrene oxide selectivity when compared with OMS-2 synthesized by solvent free (OMS-2(S)), microwave (OMS-2(MW)), or hydrothermal methods (OMS-2(HY)). Transition metal doped OMS-2 catalysts show better selectivity of styrene oxide when compared to their undoped catalysts.     

Partial oxidation of dimethyl ether to H2/syngas over supported Pt catalyst

Dimethyl ether （DME） is a non-toxic fuel with high H/C ratio and high volumetric energy density, and could be served as an ideal source of H2/syngas production for application in solid oxide fuel cells （SOFC）. This study presents results of DME partial oxidation over a 1.5 wt% Pt/Ce0.4Zr0.6O2 catalyst under the condition of gas hourly space velocity （GHSV） of 15000-60000 ml/（g·h）, molar ratio of O2/DME of 0.5 and 500-700 ℃, and this temperature range was also the operation temperature range for intermediate temperature SOFC. The results indicated that the catalyst showed good activity for the selective partial oxidation of DME to H2/syngas. Under the working conditions investigated, DME was completely converted. Increase in reaction temperature enhanced the amount of syngas, but lowered the H2/CO ratio and yield of methane; while increase in reaction GHSV resulted in only slight variation in the distribution of products. The good catalytic activity of Pt supported on Ce0.4Zr0.6O2 for the partial oxidation of DME may be directly associated with the good oxygen storage capacity of the support, which is worth of further investigation to develop materials for application in SOFC.     

Effects of carrier and Mn loading on supported manganese oxide catalysts for catalytic combustion of methane

Supported manganese oxide catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method for methane catalytic combustion, and effects of the support （Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2） and Mn loading were investigated. These catalysts were characterized with N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction techniques. Methane conversion varied in a large range depending on supports or Mn loading. Al2O3 supported 15% Mn catalyst exhibited better activity toward methane catalytic oxidation. The manganese state and oxygen species played an important role in the catalytic performance,