静电纺丝法和气流-静电纺丝法制备聚砜纳米纤维

应用电纺法制备了聚砜纳米纤维.设计了一种新型的气流静电纺丝装置,其特点是在喷丝头上添加了喷气组件.电纺过程中所用聚砜的特性粘数为0.97dLg,溶剂为二甲基乙酰胺,载气为氮气.研究了聚砜纳米纤维的平均直径与过程参数之间的关系.研究表明影响聚砜纳米纤维的平均直径的主要因素为电压、纺丝液的流速、喷丝头与收集器之间的距离、操作温度以及纺丝液的性质(如粘度、表面张力和电导率).纳米纤维的平均直径和直径分布用扫描电镜表征.应用这种气流静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维的直径范围是50～500nm.所得纳米纤维的直径依赖于电压、喷丝头与收集器之间的距离以及喷丝液的浓度.结果表明,采用气流静电纺丝不仅能制备较细而且均匀的纳米纤维,而且产量更高.     

静电纺羟基磷灰石/明胶微纳复合纤维

本文从仿生角度出发,模拟细胞外基质独特结构,采用静电纺丝法成功制备出HA均匀分布的HA/Gelatin复合纤维。根据影响静电纺丝的主要因素,分别考察了聚合物浓度、无机物含量、溶剂浓度、电纺电压等因素对纤维形貌和结构的影响。研究结果表明:聚合物浓度是制备复合纤维的首要影响因素,影响复合纤维的直径;无机物的添加使聚合物中的氢键减少,降低了电纺液的粘度,影响复合纤维中珠状物的形成;制备分布均匀的电纺纤维,溶剂起很大的作用,影响纤维的粘联;电纺电压增大使电场力过大,聚合物被强力拉伸,单根纤维出现卷曲。     

核-壳结构壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇-聚碳酸亚丙酯超细纤维的制备

利用同轴电纺丝技术制备出具有核-壳结构的壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇-聚碳酸亚丙酯电纺丝纤维,考察了溶剂复配对成纤的影响,采用扫描电镜和透射电镜对纤维的形貌、结构、直径分布等进行了探索,并在优化的工艺条件下,将羟基磷灰石负载在内层结构中.研究表明,采用氯仿/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1/1)复配溶剂可有效避免聚合物溶液在喷丝口处的凝结现象.同单纺纤维相比,核壳结构的纤维直径分布较宽,纤维壳层和核层界限清晰;红外谱图分析证明羟基磷灰石可负载在纤维的核结构中.     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混超细纤维的制备及紫外光交联研究

用静电纺丝法制备壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇的共混超细纤维,采用扫描电镜考察了纺丝液浓度、共混物配比、喷丝口内径对纤维形貌的影响.此外,为减少壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇纤维膜的溶胀变形,在上述体系中加入可光交联的单体二缩三乙二醇双甲基丙烯酸酯(TEGDMA)、引发剂2-羟基-2-甲基-1苯基丙酮(1173),对电纺纤维进行紫外光交联.结果表明,当壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇质量比为8:2的共混体系中加入占混合溶液质量分数4%的TEGDMA、0.12%的1173作为交联剂时,所得的无纺布纤维直径比较均一,平均约为200 nm,经光交联处理后其耐水性能得到提高.     

较细ZnS:Mn/PVP纳米纤维的制备及表征

采用静电纺丝的方法制备了ZnS:Mn/Polyvinylpyrrolidone复合纳米纤维.使用的溶剂为水、乙醇及DMF(N,N-Dimediylfommnide),的使用有助于制备较细的纤维,电纺溶液中随着聚合物PVP浓度降低,纤维的直径变小,当PVP质量分数为6.6%时,纤维的直径是80 nm,通过荧光显微镜和荧光...     

静电纺丝法制备聚甲醛纳米纤维

以六氟异丙醇为溶剂, 用静电纺丝的方法制备了聚甲醛纳米纤维. 利用场发射扫描电镜对纤维形貌进行了表征, 纤维的直径为0.3~1.2 μm. 讨论了溶液浓度、接收距离、电压和温度等纺丝参数对纤维形貌的影响. 用DSC方法对电纺纤维膜的结晶性能进行了研究, 并与溶液浇铸膜的进行了比较. 结果表明, 电纺纤维膜的熔点与溶液浇铸膜的相同, 与溶液的浓度无关, 但结晶度比溶液浇铸膜的低. 力学性能用拉伸试验进行了测试, 观察到很长的断裂伸长率.     

聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的再细化

通过电纺丝法研究了溶剂种类、溶液浓度、纺丝倾斜角、聚合物分子量对纳米纤维形态和直径的影响,寻找到最佳工艺条件,并得到了平均直径为20nm的超细纤维.     

稳定射流电纺丝法制备定向排列的壳聚糖超细纤维

采用电驱动纺丝,以壳聚糖(CTS)为研究对象材料,通过引入超高分子量聚氧化乙烯(PEO)调节纺丝液的黏弹性,实现抑制电纺丝固有的射流不稳定弯曲摆动来得到单一的稳定射流,从而可以像传统工业上的干、湿法纺丝一样制备定向的超细CTS纤维(称为稳定射流电纺丝,SJES).系统地研究了SJES的工艺参数(如CTS/PEO质量比、纺丝电压、接收距离、凝固浴成分、辊筒转速等)对制备定向的超细壳聚糖纤维的影响,并通过SEM、FTIR、WAXD、纳米力学拉伸仪等研究了所制备纤维的形貌、结构与性能.结果表明,SJES法制备的CTS纤维直径在10μm以下,优化参数(如电压和辊筒转速)可使纤维直径细化到3μm左右.纤维单丝具有较高的力学性能,断裂强度和纤维模量可以分别达到(762±93)MPa和(11±6)GPa.稳定射流电纺丝方法制备的超细纤维与常规电纺丝法制备的纤维相比,具有较高的微晶取向度.     

较细ZnS:Mn/PVP纳米纤维的制备及表征

采用静电纺丝的方法制备了ZnS:Mn/Polyvinylpyrrolidone复合纳米纤维.使用的溶剂为水、乙醇及DMF(N,N-Dimediylfommnide),的使用有助于制备较细的纤维,电纺溶液中随着聚合物PVP浓度降低,纤维的直径变小,当PVP质量分数为6.6%时,纤维的直径是80 nm,通过荧光显微镜和荧光光谱仪的测试可以知道,该纤维能够发光.基于纤维的发光及直径较小的特性,该纤维在一维纳米光电子领域有着潜在的应用.     

纤维素混合醚酯的制备与静电纺丝性能

研究了几种纤维素混合醚酯的制备及其高压静电场纺丝性能,分析了溶剂组成、溶液浓度、分子量、酯化基团对成纤性和纤维直径的影响。结果表明:在非均相条件下,经过碱化、醚化与酯化,得到不同结构的纤维素混合醚酯HPMCP、HPMCT与HPMCAS,均可实现静电纺丝;在甲醇/二氯甲烷=1∶4的溶剂体系中易得到表面光滑纤维;在溶剂组成一定条件下,溶液仅在一定浓度范围可纺,且浓度越低、纺丝电压越高,纺丝平均直径越小;当溶剂组成、溶液浓度一定时,分子量对其溶液纺丝的可纺性有直接影响,HPMCAS仅重均分子量达到7.2×104才能获得表面光滑纺丝纤维;在溶剂组成、溶液浓度和分子量一定的条件下,相邻酰基间距离越小,酸性越强,溶液电导率越大,丝越细。     

PHBV电纺纤维结构与形态的研究

利用电纺丝法制备了超细聚 β 羟基丁酸戊酸酯 (PHBV)纤维 ,通过扫描显微镜 (SEM)、差热分析(DSC)、宽角X射线衍射和偏振红外吸收光谱对产品进行了结构与形态的表征 .研究了纺丝过程中溶液浓度、电压和接收距离 3个参数对纤维形态的影响 .结果表明 ,溶液浓度是决定性的 ,只有高于一个定值才能获得单一的纤维产品 .与流延成型的PHBV相比 ,电纺丝具有较高的取向度和结晶度 .原因可能是 ,电场力下喷丝震荡过程中带来的拉伸作用从而引起分子链的规整排列     

Characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofiber mats by electrospinning process

In this study, the aim is to describe the influence of electrospinning parameters on the morphology, the water wetting property and dye adsorption property of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofiber mats. Specifically, the effects of solution concentration, solvent type, applied voltage, distance between the electrodes and particulate reinforcement on the diameter and shape of the nanofibers were investigated. All poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofiber mats contained beaded nanofiber structures. With increasing the polymer solution concentration, the average fiber diameter also increased. Poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofiber mat electrospun from dimethylformamide solution resulted in thicker fibers when compared with the mat electrospun from acetone solution. Increasing the electric potential difference between the collector and the syringe tip did not increase the average fiber diameter. Besides increasing the distance between the electrodes resulted in a decrease in the average fiber diameter. When compared with PMMA nanofiber mat, thicker fibers were obtained with silica nanoparticles reinforced nanofiber mat. According to the water contact angle measurements, all poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofiber mats revealed hydrophobic surface property. PMMA nanofiber mat with the highest water contact angle gave rise to the highest dye adsorption capacity.     

Influence of a mixing solvent with tetrahydrofuran and N,N‐dimethylformamide on electrospun poly(vinyl chloride) nonwoven mats

We evaluated the effects of the solvent composition with respect to the solution concentration, applied electric field, and tip‐to‐collector distance on the morphology of electrospun poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) fibers. The solvent volume ratio was strongly correlated with the diameter of the electrospun fibers with respect to the other processing parameters. Electrospun PVC fibers dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) had diameters ranging from 500 nm to 6 μm; those dissolved in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) had an average diameter of 200 nm. The diameters of the electrospun fibers were obtained from narrow to broad distributions with the solvent composition. Also, the diameters of fibers electrospun from a mixed solvent of THF and DMF were less than 1 μm. The mechanical properties of electrospun PVC nonwoven mats depended on the fiber orientation and linear velocity of the drum surface. With increasing linear velocity of the drum surface, electrospun PVC fibers were arranged toward the machine direction, and the dimensions of the spiral path were shorter. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2259–2268, 2002     

Electrospun fiber mats of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate), poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate), and their blends

Electrospinning of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and their blends was first carried out in chloroform at 50 °C on a stationary collector. The average diameter of the as‐spun fiber from PHB and PHBV solutions decreased with increasing collection distance and increased with increasing solution concentration and applied electrical potential. In all of the spinning conditions investigated, the average diameter of the as‐spun pure fibers ranged between 1.6 and 8.8 μm. Electrospinning of PHB, PHBV, and their blends was carried out further at a fixed solution concentration of 14% w/v on a homemade rotating cylindrical collector. Well‐aligned, cross‐sectionally round fibers without beads were obtained. The average diameter of the as‐spun pure and blend fibers ranged between 2.3 and 4.0 μm. The as‐spun fiber mats appeared to be more hydrophobic than the corresponding films and much improvement in the tensile strength and the elongation at break was observed for the blend fiber mats over those of the pure fiber ones. Lastly, indirect cytotoxicity evaluation of the as‐spun pure and blend fiber mats with mouse fibroblasts (L929) indicated that these mats posed no threat to the cells. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2923–2933, 2006     

不同分子量聚丙烯腈的制备及其高压静电纺丝研究

采用DMSO/H2O混合溶剂法制备了5种不同分子量的PAN,并以PAN为原料,DMF为溶剂,配成纺丝溶液,通过高压静电纺丝技术制备超细纤维毡(UFFM)。研究表明,相同单体组成和浓度、相同反应条件情况下,通过聚合制备PAN,随着混合溶剂中水含量的增加,生成的PAN粘均分子量相应增加,其转化率也增加。聚合所得的不同分子量PAN的热重分析显示,随着PAN分子量的增加,热重曲线的剧烈失重区会越来越明显,剧烈失重区的失重率也呈增加的趋势;高压静电纺丝研究发现,PAN-4和PAN-5纺丝溶液由于分子量过高而不可纺;另外,研究还发现,较高的纺丝电压有利于纤维直径的减小,但相应的纺丝稳定性减小,导致纤维直径分布的离散度增加。     

Study on morphology of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) mats

Submicron poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fiber mats were prepared by electrospinning of aqueous PVA solutions in 6-8% concentration. Fiber morphology was observed under a scanning electron microscope and effects of instrument parameters including electric voltage, tip-target distance, flow rate and solution parameters such as concentration on the morphology of electrospun PVA fibers were evaluated. Results showed that, when PVA with higher degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 98% was used, tip-target distance exhibited no significant effect on the fiber morphology, however the morphological structure can be slightly changed by changing the solution flow rate. At high voltages above 10 kV, electrospun PVA fibers exhibited a broad diameter distribution. With increasing solution concentration, the morphology was changed from beaded fiber to uniform fiber and the average fiber diameter could be increased from 87 ± 14 nm to 246 ± 50 nm. It was also found that additions of sodium chloride and ethanol had significant effects on the fiber diameter and the morphology of electrospun PVA fibers because of the different solution conductivity, surface tension and viscosity. When the DH value of PVA was increased from 80% to 99%, the morphology electrospun PVA fibers was changed from ribbon-like fibers to uniform fibers and then to beaded fibers. The addition of aspirin and bovine serum albumin also resulted in the appearance of beads.     

Centrifugally spun poly(ethylene oxide) fibers rival the properties of electrospun fibers

Centrifugal force spinning (CFS), also known as centrifugal spinning, forcespinning, or rotary jet spinning, provides considerably higher production rates than electrospinning (ES), but the more widespread use of CFS as an alternative depends on the ability to produce fibers with robust thermal and mechanical properties. Here, we report the CFS of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) fibers made using a spinning dope formulated with acetonitrile (AcN) as the volatile solvent, and we describe the thermal and mechanical properties of the centrifugally-spun fibers. Even though the formation, diameter, and morphology of electrospun and centrifugally-spun PEO fibers are relatively well-studied, the article presents three crucial contributions: the pioneering use of PEO solutions in AcN as spinning dope, characterization of crystallinity and mechanical properties of the centrifugally-spun PEO fibers, and a comparison with the corresponding properties of electrospun fibers. We find that fiber formation occurrs for the chosen CFS conditions if polymer concentration exceeds the entanglement concentration, determined from the measured specific viscosity. Most significantly, the centrifugally spun PEO fibers display crystallinity, modulus, elongation-at-break, and fiber diameter that rival the properties of electrospun PEO fibers reported in the literature.     

Electrospun EGNPs reinforced precursor carbon nanofibril composites by using RSM

Response surface methodology (RSM),based on five‐level, four variable Box‐Benkhen technique was investigated for modeling the average fiber diameter of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. The four important electrospinning parameters were studied including applied voltage (kV), Berry's number, deposition distance from nozzle to collector (cm), and spinning angle (? in degree). The measured fiber diameters were in a good agreement with the predicted results by using RSM technique. High‐regression coefficient between the variables and the response (R² = 87.74%) indicates excellent evaluation of experimental data by second‐order polynomial regression model. The optimum PAN average fiber diameters of 208 and 37‐nm standard deviation were collected at 19 kV, Berry's number = 10, 25^° spinning angle, and 16‐cm deposition distance. The PAN/N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) polymer solution with the optimum weight concentration (10 wt.%) was selected to study the effect of dispersing exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (EGNPs) in PAN/DMF solution on the electrospun EGNP/PAN fibril composite diameter. Five different EGNPs weight concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt.%) were dispersed in the optimized PAN/DMF polymer solution. Morphology of EGNPs/PAN fibril composites and its distribution were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to show the minimum fiber diameter for the above‐mentioned 5 wt. % of EGNPs. A minimum fibril composite diameter of 182 nm was obtained at 10 wt.% of EGNPs. Morphological characteristics of electrospun fibers and their distribution were tested by Raman spectroscopy, SEM, differential light scattering, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy.     

Diameter control of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/iron acetylacetonate ultrafine nanofibers

Electrospinning is the process of producing ultrafine fibers by overcoming the surface tension of a polymer solution using high voltage. In this work, the effects of both solution properties (viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension) and operational conditions (voltage, feed rate, and spinneret‐collector distance), on the structure of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers, were systematically investigated. Iron acetylacetonate was added to the electrospinning solution to control fiber diameter by selectively adjusting solution properties. It was found that, with increased salt concentration, the fiber diameter increases and then passes through a maximum due to changes in solution viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension. In addition, the fiber diameter increases with increase in voltage, feed rate, and spinneret‐collector distance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1611–1618, 2008     

Porous electrospun polycaprolactone fibers: Effect of process parameters

The effect of electrospinning process parameters (solution flow rate, applied voltage, spinning distance) on the size and surface morphology of porous electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) was investigated in this study. Response surface methodology was implemented for the design and conduction of electrospinning experiments. The feed solution was a 12.5% w/v poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) solution in a binary solvent mixture of 90%v/v chloroform/dimethyl sulfoxide. Spinning distance of 10–25 cm, applied voltage of 10–25 kV and feed flow rate of 0.5–5 mL/h were the range of limiting values of the independent variables used for the development of a central composite design. Second‐order polynomial equations, correlating electrospinning process parameters to relative pore coverage, and fiber average diameter were developed and validated. An increase in any of the investigated parameters (solution flow rate, applied voltage, spinning distance) resulted in the increase of both, pore formation on electrospun fibers, and produced fiber average diameter. Under the experimental conditions investigated, the relative pore surface coverage was 15.8–31.9% and the average fiber diameter was in the range of 1.6–3.3 μm. Applied voltage was proven to be the parameter with the strongest impact on both, fiber diameter and surface morphology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1878–1888