哌嗪衍生物和环糊精分子非共价作用的分析

采用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)和核磁共振谱(1HNMR)等方法研究了抗抑郁哌嗪衍生物化合物SIPI5838,SIPI5357和SIPI5358与α-,β-或γ-环糊精(CD)分子生成的非共价复合物及其键合位点。质谱分析结果表明,在水溶液中,SIPI5838分子可以与α-,β-或γ-环糊精分子通过反应生成非共价复合物,其中与β-环糊精可以生成配合比为1:1或1:2的非共价复合物,与α-或γ-环糊精分子则生成配合比为1:1的非共价复合物。SIPI5357与α-,β-或γ-环糊精(CD)分子仅生成配合比为1:1的非共价复合物。核磁共振谱(1HNMR)表明,α-环糊精主要与SIPI5838分子中的苯基结合,β-环糊精可同时与SIPI5838分子中的苯基和萘基结合配合比1:2的非共价复合物,而γ-环糊精则主要与SIPI5838分子中的萘基结合。溶解度实验表明,SIPI5358与α-,β-及γ-环糊精在液相中的结合常数分别为15.4,29.2和175.2mol/L。     

哌嗪衍生物SIPI5357与环糊精分子非共价复合物的制备与分析

报道了用电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)和紫外光谱(UV)等方法研究一种具有抗抑郁活性的芳烷醇哌嗪类化合物SIPI5357与α-环糊精(α-CD)和β环糊精(βCD)制备得到的非共价复合物.质谱分析结果显示,SIPI5357分子可以与环糊精分子以1:1的关系生成非共价复合物.使用紫外分光光度法对液相中非共价复合物的形成进行了辅助研究,得到了同样的结果.溶解度实验表明,这些非共价复合物的形成可以显著地提高此哌嗪类化合物在水溶液中的溶解度,使得它作为高效的口服或注射药物成为可能.此外,根据溶解度实验的结果,还计算了SIPI5357和两种环糊精分子在液相中的生成常数,它们分别为β-环糊精-SIPI5357:262 L/mol/L,α-环糊精-SIPI5357:63.4 L/mol/L. 两种非共价复合物的稳定程度为β-环糊精-SIPI5357>α-环糊精-SIPI5357.     

抗抑郁化合物SIP15838和环糊精分子非共价复合物的研究

报道了用电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS),并结合紫外分光光度法及溶解度实验,研究一种新型的具有自主知识产权的抗抑郁化合物SIPI5838与α-环糊精(CD)和β-环糊精(CD)分子生成的非共价复合物.质谱测量结果表明,在溶液中,SIPI5838分子可以与环糊精分子之间生成非共价复合物,且两者之间的配比关系为1:1.这些非共价复合物的形成可以显著地提高这种抗抑郁化合物在水溶液中的溶解度,使得它作为高效的口服或注射药物成为可能.另外,还用紫外分光光度法和溶解度实验对液相中非共价复合物的形成进行了辅助研究,这些结果均显示了非共价复合物的生成.根据溶解度实验结果,计算了SIPI5838和两种环糊精分子在液相中的生成常数.它们分别为SIPI5838-β-环糊精:1.83×103 mol-1·L,SIPI5838-α-环糊精:3.15×101mol-1·L.两种非共价复合物的稳定程度为β-环糊精-SIPI5838>α-环糊精-SIPI5838.     

抗抑郁化合物SIPI5838和环糊精分子非共价复合物的研究

报道了用电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS), 并结合紫外分光光度法及溶解度实验, 研究一种新型的具有自主知识产权的抗抑郁化合物SIPI5838与α-环糊精(CD)和β-环糊精(CD)分子生成的非共价复合物. 质谱测量结果表明, 在溶液中, SIPI5838分子可以与环糊精分子之间生成非共价复合物, 且两者之间的配比关系为1∶1. 这些非共价复合物的形成可以显著地提高这种抗抑郁化合物在水溶液中的溶解度, 使得它作为高效的口服或注射药物成为可能. 另外, 还用紫外分光光度法和溶解度实验对液相中非共价复合物的形成进行了辅助研究, 这些结果均显示了非共价复合物的生成. 根据溶解度实验结果, 计算了SIPI5838和两种环糊精分子在液相中的生成常数, 它们分别为SIPI5838-β-环糊精: 1.83×103 mol－1•L, SIPI5838-α-环糊精: 3.15×101 mol－1•L. 两种非共价复合物的稳定程度为β-环糊精-SIPI5838＞α-环糊精-SIPI5838.     

电喷雾质谱法研究谷胱甘肽与L型芳香性氨基酸非共价复合物

为探索谷胱甘肽和L型芳香性氨基酸的非共价相互作用, 将一定化学剂量比的还原型γ-谷胱甘肽分别与L型芳香性氨基酸(包括苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸)在室温和生理pH条件下混合后, 温育1 h, 生成非共价复合物, 并使反应完全. 电喷雾质谱测量结果揭示谷胱甘肽和L型芳香性氨基酸反应可以生成非共价复合物. 在二级串级质谱MS2测得的复合物碎片离子峰中, 除芳香性氨基酸离子峰外, 还包括谷胱甘肽及其它再次碎裂产生的b2和y2碎片离子, 进一步确认了非共价复合物的形成. 紫外光谱也证实了电喷雾质谱的实验结果. 为避免严重的离子化效率差异和质谱信号的相互抑制作用, 定量评估了谷胱甘肽和酪氨酸的相互作用, 结果显示反应物的初始浓度应该选择在5×10-5~3.00×10-4 mol/L范围内. 用质谱滴定法测定了谷胱甘肽与3个芳香性氨基酸非共价复合物的解离常数, 结果表明, 谷胱甘肽复合物的稳定性按Tyr, Trp和Phe次序依次增大.     

光谱法结合分子对接研究环糊精对苏丹红Ⅳ的增溶作用

通过相溶解度方法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)与七-(2,6-二-O-甲基)-β-环糊精(DM-β-CD)对苏丹红染料Ⅰ~Ⅳ的增溶。紫外可见光谱数据表明,β-CD与DM-β-CD浓度的增加对于苏丹红I~III的溶解度并无影响,但可以增加苏丹红Ⅳ的水溶性。实验结果表明,溶液中β-CD或DM-β-CD能够与苏丹红IV形成化学计量比为1:1的非共价复合物,从而增加苏丹红IV的溶解度。通过分子对接研究可知,疏水与氢键作用是苏丹红IV同β-CD或DM-β-CD形成复合物的驱动力。     

α-氨基酸及其酯化物侧链对其β-环糊精复合物稳定常数的影响

为了探索α-氨基酸及其酯化物的侧链R基团对其与环糊精非共价复合物结合强度的影响,将一定摩尔比的β-环糊精(β-CD)分别与L型正缬氨酸(n-Val)、亮氨酸(Leu)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、天冬氨酸-4-苄酯(Asp-4-benzyl ester)和天冬氨酸-4-叔丁酯(Asp-4-t-butyl ester)在室温下混合,反应平衡后采用电喷雾电离质谱进行竞争反应检测,并以改进的质谱滴定结合曲线拟合法计算结合常数.结果表明,它们均可形成摩尔比为1∶1的非共价复合物.在2组竞争反应中,复合物的结合强度顺序分别为[β-CD∶Asp-4-benzyl ester+H]~+[β-CD∶Asp-4-t-butyl ester+H]~+[β-CD∶Asp+H]~+以及[β-CD∶Phe+H]~+[β-CD∶Leu+H]~+[β-CD∶n-Val+H]~+.质谱滴定曲线拟合法测得[β-CD∶n-Val+H]~+,[β-CD∶Asp+H]~+,[β-CD∶Asp-4-t-butyl ester+H]~+,[β-CD∶Asp-4-benzyl ester+H]~+,[β-CD∶Leu+H]~+和[β-CD∶Phe+H]~+的稳定常数(lgK_(st))分别为1.81,2.54,3.14,3.26,3.36和3.67,结合强度依次增强.竞争反应的定性分析结果与质谱滴定定量法测得结合强度结果的趋势一致.由于所选用的α-氨基酸及其酯化物客体的羧基端(—COOH)和氨基端(—NH_2)均相同,且都为亲水基团,仅有侧链R基团不同,因此在溶液中客体分子受疏水驱动与β-CD主体靠近并结合时,侧链R基团的疏水力和极性2个因素起重要作用.由于客体分子体积小,其碳端的羧基还可与β-CD大口或小口边缘的羟基形成氢键,使复合物更加稳定.     

β-环糊精与联苯胺非共价复合物的化学研究

在液相条件下制备了β-环糊精和联苯胺的非共价复合物,利用荧光光谱,核磁共振谱(^1H NMR)证明了它们在液相中的存在。利用电喷雾多级串联质谱(ESI—MS^n)技术对其气相中的化学行为进行了系统的研究,实验结果表明,在气相中,该特异性的非共价复合物可以稳定存在,其化学计量比分别为1：1和2：1。     

胆固醇修饰富勒烯/γ-环糊精包结复合物的生物活性

采用Bingel-Hirsch反应合成了胆固醇修饰的富勒烯(CHL-C60),通过核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(MS)、元素分析对CHL-C60的化学结构进行了表征.γ-环糊精(γ-CD)对甾环具有较强的包结能力,能够与CHL-C60形成包结复合物(CHL-C60/γ-CD),从而有效提高CHL-C60的水溶性.紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究结果表明,CHL-C60能够从γ-CD的疏水空腔中解离出来,与人血清白蛋白(HSA)及牛血清白蛋白(BSA)形成稳定的复合体,其结合常数分别为5.73×104和7.05×104L.moL-1.无氧条件下,CHL-C60/γ-CD通过光诱导电子转移作用断裂pBR322质粒脱氧核糖核酸(DNA),其效率可达60.5%.     

荧光光谱法研究α-溴代萘与β-环糊精2:2重叠包络物的形成

本文用荧光光谱法研究了α-溴代萘(α-BrNp)在β-环糊精(β-CD)水溶液中与β-CD的相互作用。实验结果表明这一相互作用所引起的体系的荧光光谱的变化反映了两个1:1的α-BrNp-β-CD包络物分子可以在一定的条件下进一步形成一种2:2的重叠包络物。     

Complexation of zearalenone and zearalenols with native and modified β-cyclodextrins

The complexation of the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites α- and β-zearalenol (ZOLs) with native β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) and modified hydroxypropyl-β-CD and dimethyl-β-CD was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrospray-mass spectrometry. The formation of the inclusion complex was confirmed by NMR studies of zearalenone:β-CD solution. NMR, ESI-MS and fluorescence data are in agreement with the formation of a 1:1 complex between zearalenone and β-CD, characterized by the deep insertion of the phenolic moiety inside the cavity of the CD from its secondary side. The complexes formed between the guests and native β-CD are characterized by high stability constants (>10⁴), as measured by fluorescence titrations.     

β-环糊精与18-冠-6超分子包合物的形成、结构和热降解

采用元素分析、¹H核磁共振谱(¹H NMR)和电喷雾电离质谱研究了两个大环主体分子β-环糊精(β-CD)和18-冠-6 (18C6), 结果显示, 二者通过简单地混合形成了计量比为1:1的超分子包合物18C6-β-CD. 基于二维核磁共振谱(ROESY)的分析, 提出了分子间相互作用的可能位点: 18C6更倾向于驻留在β-CD的小口端. 用热重分析和气相色谱飞行时间质谱比较了包合作用前后热降解过程包括降解度和降解产物的差异性, 研究表明, 18C6的存在促使β-CD提前分解, 同时, 由于分子间相互作用, 导致二者分解产物中大碎片的相对含量大幅减小. 这些结果显示, 一个柔性大环分子18C6和一个刚性大环分子β-CD之间通过分子组装可以形成超分子包合物.     

Spectroscopic characterisation of the inclusion complexes between the antifungal drugs naftifine and terbinafine and cyclodextrins

The complexation of naftifine (NF) and terbinafine (TB) with cyclodextrins (CDs) has been investigated by UV/visible and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, ROESY techniques and also ESI-MS. Both drugs form 1:1 inclusion complexes with all the CDs tested except with α-CD, as deduced from the Benesi–Hildebrand plots and confirmed by ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy (Job plot method). The K ₁₁ values for NF decrease in the order β-CD > methylated β-CD > 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD >γ-CD. The determination of the enthalpy and entropy provides information about the main driving forces in the process. The stability constants of the complexes NF–β-CD, TB–β-CD and TB–γ-CD determined by ¹H NMR spectroscopy are in agreement with the values obtained by UV. For TB–β-CD, the value is higher, due to the fact that the length of the TB aliphatic chain allows a deeper inclusion of the naphthalene group inside the corresponding β-CD molecule, according to the 2D ROESY experiments.     

Electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry of penta- and hexa-substituted aryloxycyclotriphosphazenes

Several penta- and hexa-substituted aryloxycyclotriphosphazenes were synthesized and investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSⁿ). Their main fragmentation pathways are proposed based on the MSⁿ and accurate mass data. An apparent hydrolysis reaction is an important fragmentation process exhibited in the ESI-MS/MS spectra for all of them. Also interesting is the intramolecular electrocyclic ring closure observed in ESI-MS/MS spectra of them. These observations may have some potential applications in the distinction between the mass spectra of penta- and hexa-substituted hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene derivatives.     

Characterization of permethylated β-cyclodextrin-peptide noncovalently bound complexes using electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry (ECD MS)

Electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry (ECD MS) was carried out for a number of β-permethylated cyclodextrin (CD)-peptide noncovalent complexes in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. Examined peptides included Angiotensin II (DRVYIHPF), Substance P (RPKPQQFFGLM), and Bradykinin (RPPGFSPFR) and its analogs (PPGFSPFR and RPPGFSPF). ECD MS for doubly protonated complexes [M:CD+2H]²⁺ mainly yielded cleavage of the backbones of the constituent peptide with little disassembly of a peptide and β-CD. Analysis of ECD MS fragments indicated that a protonated basic amino-acid residue or N-terminal amino group interacted more favorably with β-CD than did aromatic group-containing amino-acid residues (inclusion complex). In contrast to the formation of inclusion CD complexes in solution, we observed no specific evidence from our ECD MS mass spectra to support the generation of phenyl inclusion complexes in the gas phase. For gas-phase peptides, we suggest that ion–dipole interaction is the main driving force for the formation of noncovalent β-CD complexes rather than phenyl inclusion interactions.     

Surface interaction and self-assembly of cyclodextrins with organic dyes

The interaction of seven novel substituted merocyanine dyes, i.e. 1-methyl-4-[2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)]pyridinium iodide, 1-methyl-4-[2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)]pyridinium iodide, 1-methyl-4-[2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethenyl)]pyridinium iodide, their quinoide forms as well as 1-methyl-4-[2-(3-methoxy-4-oxocyclohexadienilydene)ethylidene]-1,4-dihydropyridine, 1-methyl-4-[2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-oxocyclohexadienilydene)ethylidene]-1,4-dihydropyridine, with α-CD, γ-CD as well as functionalized γ-cyclodextrin phosphate sodium salt is studied by the methods such as UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, linear-polarized infrared (IR-LD) spectroscopy of oriented colloids in nematic host, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, HPLC ESI tandem mass spectrometry, scanning electron and tunneling microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction as well as thermal methods. A formation of the 1D and 2D “supramolecular polymers” with nanosizes is found. The dyes are adsorbed on the CDs surface and form a hexagonal microcrystalline sub-structures. Remarkable fluorescence properties depending of the type of the substituent in the dyes, in solid-state are observed.     

A new 20-membered macrocyclic dilactam: an unexpected product of a tri-n-butyltin hydride-mediated radical reaction

The tri-n-butyltin hydride-mediated reaction of methyl 3-O-allyl-4,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-(2-iodobenzoylamino)-α-d-glucopyranoside affords an unexpected benzomacrodilactam. The structure of this new 20-membered macrocyclic dilactam has been elucidated by electrospray mass and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) and by ¹H, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, COSY, TOCSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments.     

Gas-Phase Binding of Noncovalent Complexes Between α-cyclodextrin and Amino Acids Investigated by Mass Spectrometry

Noncovalent complexes between cyclodextrins and small molecules have been extensively studied recently because of their widespread application in the pharmaceutical industry for chiral and molecular recognition. To date, gas phase noncovalent binding affinities between α-cyclodextrin and amino acids have not been widely investigated. In this study, gas-phase binding of noncovalent complexes between α-CD and amino acids was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), demonstrating the formation of 1:1 stoichiometric noncovalent complexes. The binding of the complexes were further confirmed by collision-induced dissociation by tandem mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometric titrations between α-cyclodextrin and phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and arginine were performed to provide binding constants (lgK_a) as references for competitive ESI-MS. Calibration curves for the complexes of α-cyclodextrin with phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and arginine were plotted. Through competitive ESI-MS, the lgK_a for the complexes of α-CD with aspartic acid, lysine, proline, glycine, alanine, asparagine, cystine, glutamine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, serine, threonine, and valine were measured directly. By comparison, it is seen that the measured binding constants for the complexes of α-cyclodextrin with basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine are lower than those for most complexes of neutral amino acids. The chiral selectivity of α-cyclodextrin for L- and D-isomers of methionine, threonine, asparagine, and phenylalanine determined by ESI-MS revealed its application as a chiral selector.