超声提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定海蜇制品中铝的残留量

提出了超声提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定海蜇制品中铝残留量的方法。取约0.5 g粉碎后的样品,加入1.0%(体积分数)硝酸溶液50.0 mL,涡旋振荡1 min,于25℃超声10 min(超声功率为400 W),离心5 min,取上清液待测。结果表明：以⁴⁵Sc为内标,²⁷Al质量浓度在0.1～10.0 mg·L^-1内与响应强度比值呈线性关系,检出限为0.1 mg·kg^-1;海蜇样品中铝测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.9%,5个加标浓度水平下铝的回收率为95.3%～99.9%;与标准方法进行比较,各类海蜇制品中铝的测定值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

两种水产品中农药多残留分析的样品前处理方法及其在111种农药和相关化学品残留同时检测中的应用

建立了两种针对水产品中农药多残留分析的快速样品前处理方法,并将其应用于111种农药及相关化学品残留检测。在样品前处理方法Ⅰ中,样品经丙酮-乙酸乙酯-正己烷(体积比为1∶1∶1)混合溶剂提取,乙腈转溶;在样品前处理方法Ⅱ中,样品用乙腈-水溶液均质,超声波辅助提取,液-液分配。两种方法所得到的提取液分别用Envi-18柱和PSA柱净化后进行气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析。采用选择离子扫描(SIM)方式,外标法定量。该方法简便、快速,在优化的样品前处理条件和GC-MS分析条件下,方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.001～0.026 mg/kg;在加标水平为0.25 mg/kg时,采用方法Ⅰ时的回收率为72%～113%,相对标准偏差（RSDs）为3.4%～12.1%;采用方法Ⅱ时的回收率为51%～127%(其中回收率为70%～120%的占94%),RSDs为3.2%～13.8%。     

微波消解–原子荧光光谱法测定卷烟中的砷

采用微波消解、氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法测定烟丝、过滤材料和接装纸样品中的砷,确定了样品前处理的最佳条件与仪器测定条件。砷浓度在0～40 ng/mL之间时,标准工作曲线的线性相关系数大于0.999,砷的检出限为1 ng/g。通过测定国家标准物质和加标回收试验进行了方法验证,精密度和准确度均能满足样品的测试要求。在试验条件下,测定样品中砷的加标回收率为92%～102%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于4.0%(n=5)。     

茶叶中多元素的微波消解等离子体发射光谱法测定

采用密闭式微波消解系统处理茶叶样品,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定茶叶样品中铜、铁、锌、锰、钡和铝6种元素.分别从消解液的选择、用酸量及样品消解量等方面进行消解条件的优化,对测定钡、铝元素存在的干扰进行了讨论.各元素的检出限范围为0.15～0.65μg·g-1,回收率为98.6%～106%,精密度为0.8%～5.3%...     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱测定反应香精中的砷和汞

建立了用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法连续测定反应香精中的汞和砷.考察了样品前处理方法和仪器参数对实验结果的影响.实验确定反应香精样品的微波消解试剂为硝酸:过氧化氢=6:2(V/V)、最高消解温度为210℃、消解时间为25 min为最佳前处理条件;原子荧光的还原剂为20 g/L硼氢化钾,载流液为5%盐酸.方法测定汞的回收率为99.2%～110.O%,砷的回收率为96.5%～113.1%.在最优化的条件下对9种反应香精样品进行测定,其中砷和汞的含量均未超过国家标准.     

气相色谱法测定学生用品胶黏剂中水分含量的样品处理

采用气相色谱法测定学生用品胶黏剂中水分含量，对样品处理条件进行优化。称取0.6 g样品和0.2 g异丙醇，置于预先加入玻璃珠的具塞玻璃瓶中，加入10 mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，在摇床上以400 r/min速率震荡90 min，静置沉淀，取1μL上清液进行气相色谱分析。水的质量分数在5%～95%范围内线性关系良好，相关系数为0.999 8，方法检出限为3%。样品加标回收率为90%～110%，测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.11%～0.41%(n=6)。该样品处理方法操作简便，适合大批量样品检测，提高了检测效率，测定结果稳定、可靠。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定苹果中3种糖及主成分分析和聚类分析

建立高效液相色谱法同时测定苹果中D-果糖、D-葡萄糖和蔗糖含量的方法,并对不同产地样品中3种糖进行主成分分析和聚类分析,为苹果质量评价与分类提供依据。用单因素实验对苹果样品前处理条件进行优化,确定了最佳样品前处理条件:离心转速为16 000 r/min,离心时间为17 min,料液比为1∶12。D-果糖、D-葡萄糖和蔗糖的线性范围分别为0.245～1.495 mg/mL(r=0.999 1),0.104～1.004 mg/mL(r=0.999 6),0.075～1.025 mg/m L(r=0.998 2)。果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖的加标回收率分别为96.83%～100.08%,83.51%～96.40%,93.97%～98.89%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.69%～1.17%(n=6)。通过聚类分析将6个产地的苹果样品分成了3类,与主成分分析结果相同。该方法简便、准确,可用于测定苹果果实中糖的类型及其含量,为苹果品质鉴定提供科学依据。     

ICP-AES法测定烟花爆竹中禁限用药物

以5%HNO3处理烟花爆竹内药物样品,以ICP-AES法测定样品中K、Na、P、Mg、Ba、Cu、B、Sr、Sb、Ga、Ge、Al、Ti、Mn、Pb、As 16种元素。比较了不同酸、不同浓度时样品的处理方法,5%HNO3为最佳样品处理条件。对4个不同厂家产品进行了测定和加标回收研究,测定结果的相对标准差小于5%(n=5),各元素的回收率在93.4%～114.3%之间。     

原子荧光光度法测定化妆品中微量汞

用浸提法处理化妆品样品 (不含腊质 ) ,原子荧光法测定微量汞 ,选择了最佳试验条件 ,检出限为 0 .0 32ng·ml- 1,加标回收率为 87.1%～ 113.0 % ,进行了大量样品的测定 ,结果满意。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定化妆品中痕量砷和铅

建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定化妆品中痕量As、Pb的方法,研究了样品前处理及实验条件对As、Pb测定的影响.本方法可同时用于固态、液态等各类样品处理的优点.测量As、Pb的线性范围分别为0～100 μg/L和0～120 μg/L,方法的检出限分别为0.94和1.22 μg/L,回收率分别为91.67%～102.67%和91.60%～98.80%,相对标准偏差(n=3)分别在1.7%～7.3%和2.2%～6.8%范围内.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.