树状聚酰胺-胺桥联受阻酚类抗氧化剂的合成及清除DPPH·活性研究

以系列1.0、2.0代树状聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)为桥联基,3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰氯为抗氧化基团,通过酰胺化缩合反应合成了系列树状桥联受阻酚类抗氧化剂。红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱证实了系列树状聚酰胺-胺桥联受阻酚类抗氧化剂的化学结构。采用EPR技术研究系列树状聚酰胺-胺桥联受阻酚类抗氧化剂清除DPPH·的能力,结果表明,系列树状聚酰胺-胺桥联受阻酚类抗氧化剂具有良好清除DPPH·活性,且随着清除时间的延长、桥联基长度和代数的增加,其清除活性增强。     

ZnO超微粒子的EPR特性和光催化性能

利用XRD,TEM,XPS和EPR等研究了ZnO超微粒子的EPR特性和光催化性能.前驱物碱式碳酸锌在320,430,550和700℃经热处理制得的ZnO超微粒子粒径分别为13.5,19.3,26.1和38.5nm,属六方晶系纤锌矿结构;室温下ZnO超微粒子表现出稳定的单一谱线的EPR信号,其强度随粒径的增大而减小.而在液氮温度下,ZnO超微粒子的EPR谱具有6条强度不等的超精细谱线,在光催化氧化C₇H₁₆和SO₂过程中,其光催化活性随其EPR信号强度的减小而下降.说明O₂-空位在光催化反应中起重要作用.     

化学发光法比较5种抗氧化剂的活性

抗氧化剂是一种重要的食品添加剂,实验发现抗氧化剂对K3Fe(CN)6-鲁米诺化学发光体系产生的化学发光具有强烈的抑制作用,并且抗氧化剂对化学发光强度的抑制程度与其抗氧化活性在一定范围成线性关系.据此,结合流动注射技术建立快速测定抗氧化剂抗氧化活性的新方法。分析对比了维生素C,二丁基羟基甲苯,特丁基对苯二酚,维生素E,柠檬酸等5种抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性。其结果是:抗氧化活性由强到弱的顺序是:特丁基对苯二酚>二丁基羟基甲苯>维生素C>维生素E>柠檬酸。本文还对发光体系受到抑制作用可能的机理进行了探讨。     

Cy5-Fe2+-H2O2光度法测定天然抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性

在缓冲溶液中,Fenton体系产生的羟基自由基能迅速与五甲川菁染料(Cy5)作用使其褪色,在647 nm处测定体系吸光度的变化,可间接测定羟基自由基的生成量。抗氧化剂的加入可部分消除溶液中的羟基自由基,从而使溶液的吸光度下降程度减弱。据此建立了一种测定抗氧化剂对羟基自由基清除率的新方法。利用所建立的方法测试了抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚以及几种天然抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性,得到了满意的结果。该方法操作简便、稳定性好,可以作为一种简便的筛选抗氧化剂的方法。     

金属钌配合物的抗肿瘤活性及其作用机理*

金属配合物在医药领域起着重要的作用,金属钌配合物在抗肿瘤活性研究方面取得了重要的进展.结合本组的研究工作,本文对金属钌配合物在抗肿瘤活性以及抗肿瘤作用机制方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

孜然精油的提取及其清除DPPH自由基能力研究

在光、热以及氧气存在下,物质化学键断裂,生成高反应活性的自由基或者过氧化物,导致食品变质,商品变性,质量下降。为了保证食品质量与安全,保证产品不变质,添加抗氧化剂是常用的方法。随着人们环保意识的提高,越来越倾向于用天然抗氧化剂取代合成抗氧化剂。当使用天然抗氧化剂,     

脂溶性维生素C衍生物及氮氧自由基在胶束中络合平衡常数的测定

我们最近对维生素C及其脂溶性衍生物在胶束中的抗氧化活性的研究发现,尽管它们在均相溶液中的活性基本相同,但在胶束中却相差很大,强烈地依赖于氧化剂氮氧自由基及抗氧化剂在胶束中的络合程度.因此,测定它们在胶束中的分配系数及络合平衡常数,对讨论生物抗氧化剂在胶束中的反应活性有重要意义.     

氧化应激与艾滋病

日益累积的证据表明,HIV感染和艾滋病进展与氧化应激密切相关,HIV／AIDS病人处于高度氧化应激状态,抗氧化剂补充有望成为艾滋病预防和治疗的重要措施之一。通过HIV感染者的氧化应激,氧化应激在艾滋病致病机理中的作用和HIV／AIDS病人的抗氧化剂补充3个方面论述了氧化应激与艾滋病的关系。     

生物-光度法检测抗氧化剂抗氧化活性

建立了一种测定抗氧化剂抗氧化活性的方法,简称为生物-光度法。考察了吸收光谱、细胞液体积、抗氧化剂和自由基产生体系(混合液)与细胞作用的时间、MTT(四甲基偶氮唑盐)与细胞作用时间等因子对测定结果的影响。实验确定的参数为:2×105mL-1的细胞液100μL、混合液与细胞作用时间15 min,20μL 5 mg/mL MTT与细胞作用时间4 h,测定波长为572 nm。并用该方法测定了葡萄籽提取物等的抗氧化活性。     

迷迭香单体的抗氧化活性

采用柱层析方法对迷迭香抗氧化剂(Rao)进行分离,分离出8个含量较高的单体.用光度法、ESR法、滴定法测定了迷迭香的8个单体、单体组合及Rao的抗氧化活性,并分析了抗氧化活性与其结构的关系.结果表明,在单体中,对超氧阴离子自由基及羟基自由基清除率最高的是槲皮素,分别为82.6%和87.1%.对香烟烟气自由基平均清除率最高的是迷迭香二酚,清除率为48.17%.单体活性最强的槲皮素和迷迭香二酚组合后,其抗氧化活性高于单体.活性强的抗氧化剂对油脂过氧化的抑制效果好,但作用时间较短.     

Carbon monoxide and oxygen interaction with Ru/MgF<Subscript>2</Subscript> catalyst: IR and EPR studies

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy were used to study the formation of ruthenium and adsorbed species appearing on the catalyst upon the adsorption of CO and O₂ on 1.37 wt% Ru/MgF₂ catalysts derived from Ru₃(CO)₁₂. The presence of Ru ^x+ sites in spite of a reductive H₂ treatment at 673 K was observed by EPR and IR spectroscopy beside metallic Ru⁰ species. Both IR and EPR results provided clear evidence for the interaction between surface ruthenium and probe molecules. The IR spectra recorded after admission of CO showed a band at approx. 2000 cm⁻¹, due to linearly adsorbed CO on Ru⁰/MgF₂ and two bands at higher frequencies (approx. 2140 and approx. 2070 cm⁻¹), related to CO on oxidized Ru ⁿ⁺ species, e.g., to Ru(CO)₃ complex with Ru in the 1+ and/or 2+ state of oxidation and Ru(CO)₂ with Ru in the 3+ and/or 4+ state of oxidation. A weak anisotropic EPR signal with g _‖ = 2.017 and g _⊥ = 2.003 is due to O ₂ ⁻ radicals and a formation of Ru⁴⁺-O ₂ ⁻ complex is postulated. The Ru³⁺ appears to oxidize to Ru⁴⁺ and the resulting dioxygen anion is coordinated to the ruthenium. The strong, isotropic EPR signal at g ₀ = 2.003 detected upon admission of CO is attributed to CO radical anion rather than to any ruthenium carbonyl complexes.     

Recent progress in EPR study of spin labeled polymers and spin probed polymer systems

The EPR technique is commonly used for the detection and characterization of paramagnetic centers in chemical science. This method can provides a lot of information, such as identity, structure, dynamics, interaction, orientation, glass transition temperature, adsorption behavior, functionality, phase behavior, nano-inhomogeneities, and conformation of the free-radical portion of the polymer chain. Most polymers intrinsically possess diamagnetic properties, so in order to study polymers with EPR, paramagnetic centers need to be incorporated into the polymer systems. Spin labeling and spin probing are main methods of covalently attaching paramagnetic centers to polymer chains or embedding them in polymer matrices through non-covalent interactions, respectively. Spin labeling and spin probing techniques for polymers and polymer systems (especially with nitroxide radicals) have also been studied, which have a profound impact on polymer science. This review focuses on the continuous wave EPR technique and introduces the recent advances in spin labeled polymers and spin probed polymer systems in EPR research.     

Pulse EPR Methods for Studying Chemical and Biological Samples Containing Transition Metals

This review discusses the application of pulse EPR to the characterization of disordered systems, with an emphasis on samples containing transition metals. Electron nuclear double‐resonance (ENDOR), electron‐spin‐echo envelope‐modulation (ESEEM), and double electron–electron resonance (DEER) methodologies are outlined. The theory of field modulation is outlined, and its application is illustrated with DEER experiments. The simulation of powder spectra in EPR is discussed, and strategies for optimization are given. The implementation of this armory of techniques is demonstrated on a rich variety of chemical systems: several porphyrin derivatives that are found in proteins and used as model systems, otherwise highly reactive aminyl radicals stabilized with electron‐rich transition metals, and nitroxide–copper–nitroxide clusters. These examples show that multi‐frequency continuous‐wave (CW) and pulse EPR provides detailed information about disordered systems.     

Influence of different copper(II) salts on the oxidation and doping reactions of emeraldine base polyaniline

A spectroscopic investigation of the products formed in the reaction of emeraldine base (EB-PANI) with copper(II) ions in dimethylacetamide (DMA) is presented. It is well known that metal cations can dope emeraldine base polyaniline (EB-PANI) through a pseudo-protonation reaction. Resonance Raman, UV–vis-NIR, and EPR data, obtained for Cu²⁺/EB-PANI solutions prepared using CuCl₂·2 H₂O, Cu(NO₃)₂· 3 H₂O or Cu(CH₃COO)₂·H₂O as Cu²⁺ sources, showed that the species formed in reactions of EB-PANI and Cu²⁺ ions are dependent on the anions of the copper salt employed. EPR spectra pointed out that the environments of Cu²⁺ ions with acetate, chloride or nitrate as anions in DMA solution are distinct. Resonance Raman and UV–vis-NIR data demonstrated that the main reactions are the oxidation of EB-PANI to pernigraniline base (PB-PANI) and doping of EB-PANI to ES-PANI (emeraldine salt) when a direct coordination of Cu²⁺ ions to PANI exists. With nitrate as very weak coordinating anion, ES-PANI is formed preferentially. When copper chloride is used, both oxidation and doping of EB-PANI are verified. Conversely with acetate, the dimeric cage structure of this copper salt is preserved in solution, and oxidation of EB-PANI to PB-PANI is the only observed reaction. These results demonstrate the possibility of modulating the products of reaction between Cu²⁺ ions and EB-PANI in DMA solution by changing the counter ion of the Cu²⁺ source.     

Identification of radiation‐induced radical structure in azocalix[4]arene: an EPR study

A macrocyclic azocalix[4]arene (1) based ester derivative was synthesized. The single crystals of azocalix[4]arene were produced by slow evaporation of concentrated ethyl acetate solutions. These single crystals were exposed to ⁶⁰Co gamma rays with a dose rate of 0.980 kGy h^‐1 for 48 and 72 h to produce a stable free radical. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements were performed in three mutually perpendicular planes of the single crystal in the magnetic field, in addition, temperature dependence of the EPR signal was studied between 120 K and 450 K. The spectra were found to be temperature and angular dependent. Analysis based on the spectra recorded showed that a free radical was formed by fission of a C–H bond. This radical is described as ^?C_aHC_bH₃ The averages of the principal values of the hyperfine parameters and g‐factor are: g = 2.0034, A_Ha = 1.28 mT, A_H1=H2 = 1.00 mT, and A_H3 = 0.49 mT. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptide RL2 by Human Lung Cancer Cells: Monitoring by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

RL2 is a recombinant analogue of a human κ-casein fragment, capable of penetrating cells and inducing apoptosis of cancer cells with no toxicity to normal cells. The exact mechanism of RL2 penetration into cells remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of RL2 penetration into human lung cancer A549 cells by a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. EPR spectra of A549 cells incubated with RL2 (sRL2) spin-labeled by a highly stable 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetraethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl radical were found to contain three components, with their contributions changing with time. The combined EPR and confocal-microscopy data allowed us to assign these three forms of sRL2 to the spin-labeled protein sticking to the membrane of the cell and endosomes, to the spin-labeled protein in the cell interior, and to spin labeled short peptides formed in the cell because of protein digestion. EPR spectroscopy enabled us to follow the kinetics of transformations between different forms of the spin-labeled protein at a minimal spin concentration (3–16 μM) in the cell. The prospects of applications of spin-labeled cell-penetrating peptides to EPR imaging, DNP, and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed, as is possible research on an intrinsically disordered protein in the cell by pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy.     

多组分丝素蛋白-Cu(II)配合物的EPR谱解析

基于二阶微扰理论建立了对具有超精细耦合结构的多组分复杂EPR(顺磁共振)谱的解析拟合方法, 并以丝素蛋白-Cu(II)配合物的EPR谱为例进行解析分析, 从而有效地解释了Cu(II)离子在蚕吐丝过程中的作用. 该方法和应用程序能为类似问题的解决(如Fe(II)、Mn(II)、V(III)及其它顺磁性离子配合物EPR谱的解析)提供方便.     

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Gives Evidence for the Presence of Type 1 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRH-R) in Subdomains of Lipid Rafts

This study investigated the effect of type 1 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) localization within lipid rafts on the properties of plasma membrane (PM) nanodomain structure. Confocal microscopy revealed colocalization of PM-localized GnRH-R with GM₁-enriched raft-like PM subdomains. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) of a membrane-partitioned spin probe was then used to study PM fluidity of immortalized pituitary gonadotrope cell line αT3-1 and HEK-293 cells stably expressing GnRH-R and compared it with their corresponding controls (αT4 and HEK-293 cells). Computer-assisted interpretation of EPR spectra revealed three modes of spin probe movement reflecting the properties of three types of PM nanodomains. Domains with an intermediate order parameter (domain 2) were the most affected by the presence of the GnRH-Rs, which increased PM ordering (order parameter (S)) and rotational mobility of PM lipids (decreased rotational correlation time (τc)). Depletion of cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (methyl-β-CD) inhibited agonist-induced GnRH-R internalization and intracellular Ca²⁺ activity and resulted in an overall reduction in PM order; an observation further supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of model membrane systems. This study provides evidence that GnRH-R PM localization may be related to a subdomain of lipid rafts that has lower PM ordering, suggesting lateral heterogeneity within lipid raft domains.     

The features of the Cu2+-entry into the structure of tourmaline

EPR and optical absorption spectra of Cu²⁺ ion were investigated in natural elbaites from Brazil and Zambia and in synthetic olenite single crystal. In elbaite from Zambia, the content of Cu²⁺ ions was found to be about 0.006 pfu, whereas in Brazilian elbaite the amount of this ion can approach up to 0.2 pfu. The rose color of elbaite from Zambia is mainly due to optical absorption at 515 nm related to Mn³⁺ ions. The blue color of Brazilian elbaite is related to Cu²⁺ absorption bands at 695 nm and 920 nm. Spin Hamiltonian parameters of Cu²⁺ calculated from the angular dependence of the EPR spectra are: g _x = 2.054, g _y = 2.092, g _z = 2.374; A _x = 27.8·10^?4 cm^?1, A _y = 59.3·10^?4 cm^{? 1}, A _z = 133.2·10^?4 cm^?1. We propose that Cu²⁺ ions enter into Y octahedra with common edges; the symmetry of these Y octahedra is lowered because of local disorder induced by occupancy of the Y site by cations of very different size and charge, such as Li⁺, Al³⁺, and Cu²⁺.