基于氧荧光猝灭速率法的生化需氧量检测

利用氧荧光猝灭速率的方法,结合自行构建的BOD光纤传感装置进行海水中生化需氧量(BOD)含量检测。考察了四种筛选的海洋耗氧菌种在四甲基硅氧烷(TMOS)、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷(Di Me-DMOS)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)包埋固定情况下,对不同浓度的葡萄糖-谷氨酸(GGA)标准溶液的荧光响应情况。BOD敏感膜的荧光响应在0·2~30mg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,对2mg/L标准溶液测定的相对标准偏差为2·5%(n=6),响应时间(t95%)为4·0min,BOD敏感膜使用寿命大于12个月。实际海水样品检测表明,利用BOD敏感膜检测得到的结果与国标BOD5方法之间存在较好的一致性。     

污水BOD5测定中外界条件的影响

对污水BOD5(五日生化需氧量)测定中各种外界条件的影响进行了初步探讨。通过大量实验数据说明了样品保存时间、培养温度和样品pH值对BOD5测定的具体影响。当样品保存时间大于24h时,检测结果的偏差将大于10%,不能正确反映水样中有机物的含量。培养温度对不同性质的水样的影响不同。对于可生化性好的水样,培养温度对其BOD5的影响很大,25℃和20℃之间的偏差可达40%;对可生化性不好的水样,培养温度对其BOD5的影响不大,一般为5%左右,在国标GB7488-87允许的准确度范围内,可忽略。水样的pH值对其BOD5的影响很大,当水样的酸碱度为中性时,测定的BOD5才能正确反映水样中有机物的含量;当水样呈酸性或碱性时测定的BOD5均小于正常值。     

生化需氧量微生物传感器的研究进展

生化需氧量(biochemical oxygen demanded，BOD)是衡量水污染程度必须测定的重要指标之一。然而，传统的5d法不能及时反映排放水的污染程度。因此，能够快速、准确测定BOD的微生物传感器近年来得到了迅速发展。本文综述了BOD微生物传感器及其商品化仪器的发展，并对能使BOD传感器与传统的5d法得到更为一致的结果的方法做了总结。     

生物传感器快速测定生化需氧量的研究

生化需氧量(BOD)是一种表征水体有机污染程度的综合指标，广泛应用于水体监测和废水处理厂的运行控制中。由于BOD的标准测定方法需时5d，不能及时地反映水质状况和反馈处理信息，因此快速测定BOD的方法和仪器化研究近年来得到广泛的重视。其中利用生物传感器测定BOD是一种有效地快速测定废水中可生化降解有机物的方法。文章介绍了生物传感器的工作原理及其生物敏感材料，讨论了BOD快速测定值(BODst)与标准BOD5值的一致性问题。对目前市场上常见的几种BOD测定仪的性能进行了比较。     

近红外光谱法快速测定水体有机污染物的方法研究

有机污染物是水体主要污染物之一,急需建立简单快速无污染的监测技术。本文将近红外光谱技术应用于水体有机污染物的测定,建立化学需氧量(COD)和生化需氧量(BOD5)的分析方法。结果表明,采用偏最小二乘算法、以近红外光谱的一阶导数谱建立的分析模型对水样COD和BOD5的测定均取得较好的效果。该分析模型对水样COD和BOD5的预测值和标准值之间的相关系数分别达到0.991和0.998,校正集的均方根偏差(RMSEC)相当于水样平均COD和BOD5值的4.3%和1.9%,满足日常监测的需要。分析模型对预测集样品的均方根偏差与RMSEC接近,表明该分析模型具有较好的适用性。采用近红外光谱法测定水体COD和BOD5等有机物指标结果可靠,为水体有机物污染的快速测定提供了一种可行的分析技术。     

基于便携式高光谱成像的BOD实时检测研究

针对现有污水生化需氧量(BOD)测量中存在的问题,本文提出了一种基于高光谱成像技术的污水检测方法.该方法通过对指定水域进行实时高光谱成像,同时提供所检测区域水体图谱两方面的信息,配合相应的识别方法,即可以实现对污水BOD的定性、定量和定位分析,且检测方法快速简洁,为BOD的实时检测提供了一种新的途径.     

快速生化需氧量微生物传感器的应用

采用混合菌BODseed制备微生物传感器快速监测生化需氧量（BOD）,研究了矫正溶液选择、样品自降解及恒温装置对测量准确度的影响。 结果表明,采用葡萄糖 谷氨酸矫正溶液测得污水处理厂污水结果较BOD5方法偏低50%以上,而以污水本身制作矫正曲线取得了与BOD5一致的测试结果;样品在保存6 h后有机物自降解会使测量结果偏低40%;快速BOD在线监测时不仅需要对微生物传感器恒温,同时也需要对样品及缓冲溶液恒温,这有利于样品快速接近缓冲溶液温度,减少空气饱和时间,从而提高监测效率,提升测试准确度。     

生化需氧量(BOD_5)测定中稀释倍数的简捷确定法

在生化需氧量 (BOD5)的测定中 ,稀释倍数的估计是否适当至关重要。该文根据废水生物处理可行性的判断标准———BOD5/CODcr比值的波动范围 ,将其分为三个区间 ,经过数学推导 ,得出各区间的稀释倍数 ,即n1=0 .57COD/d ,n2 =1.3COD/d ,n3=1.2 3COD/d ,其中d为当天稀释水的溶解氧。这三个稀释倍数可覆盖BOD5整个波动范围。由此 ,根据化学需氧量 (CODcr)可以简捷地确定出稀释倍数 ,从而提高了BOD5测定的有效性和准确性     

IO_3~--I~--罗丹明B-乳化剂OP体系测定水样中生化需氧量

1引言在污水处理厂和地表水处理系统中,生化需氧量(BOD)可用来监测经处理后水的品质。目前,国内水质监测部门多数仍采用GB7488-87法测定     

水环境中有机污染物生化需氧量的测定

本文从理论和实践上讨论了水质监测中有机污染物生化需氧量(BOD)测定中的有关问题。其中包括BOD测定中发生的生化反应过程，好氧生化反应速率及速率常数，影响BOD测定结果的各种因素，BOD测定技术，以及BOD与COD、TOC的相关性。     

生化需氧量微生物传感器性能优化的研究

本文通过对几种微生物的筛选，找到活性较高的河流污泥微生物制成生化需氧量传感器，重点进行了培养基成分及测试条件等方面的优化，实验结果表明，电极对ＢＯＤ标准物质线性响应范围为１０－６０ｍｇ／Ｌ响应时间为１５ｍｉｎ，连续稳定地工作寿命在３０天以上，用于实际污水测定时，与ＢＯＤ５有良好的相关性。     

BOD Biosensor Fabricated with Sol-Gel Membrane

A novel BOD biosensor fabricated with the microbial membrane on an oxygen electrode was introduced by using porous A1₂O₃ sol-gel inorganic matrix to immobilize the yeast, which is convenient, rapid, correlating to the results of BOD5 and could be employed for commercial availability in the future. The induced culture technique was used to obtain high active yeast, and this point especially contribute to the higher selectivity and sensitivity, The gelation time to form microorganisms membrane is about 1 h, and the response time is 20min, the response current is steady rapidly, a linear relationship between the response of the sensor and BOD value ranging from 10~70 mg/L, the reproducibility of BOD estimation is good and the lifetime of BOD biosensor is over 30 day at 4℃.     

Comparison of BOD optical fiber biosensors based on different microorganisms immobilized in ormosil matrixes

Fiber-optical microbial sensors for determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) are described. Sensing films consisting of layers of an oxygen-sensitive fluorescent material and two different kinds of seawater microorganisms immobilized in poly(vinyl alcohol) sol–gel matrix were investigated. Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) perchlorate was used as the oxygen fluorescent quenching indicator. After preconditioning, the BOD biosensors could consistently perform well for up to one month. For films of domestic bacilli and films of sieved bacteria from seawater, the linear fluctuant coefficients (R ²) in the range of 4–200?mg/L were 0.9975 and 0.9783 when a glucose/glutamate BOD standard was applied. The relative error of standard deviations for the two microorganism-immobilized BOD sensing films were within 4%?and 2%?of the mean value, respectively. The effects of temperature, pH and sodium chloride concentration on the two microbial films were also studied. For low biochemical oxygen demand, a film of sieved bacteria from seawater had superior sensitivity and is expected to be developed further.     

有机-无机杂化材料膜制备生物传感器用于在线生化需氧量的测定

用溶胶-凝胶与接枝共聚物组成的有机-无机杂化材料固定皮状丝孢酵母制备BOD生物传感器,在研制的在线BOD监测仪上考察其性能。结果表明,该传感器线性高达85．0mg／L BOD,稳定性良好、使用寿命长,可连续使用90d以上,保存14个月后仍可保持70％以上的活性。本方法用于实际样品分析,得到了与传统的5d法较一致的结果,可用于污水的在线监测。     

Improvement of the analysis of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of Mediterranean seawater by seeding control

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a useful parameter for assessing the biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in water. At the same time, this parameter is used to evaluate the efficiency with which certain processes remove biodegradable natural organic matter (NOM). However, the values of BOD in seawater are very low (around 2 mg O₂ L⁻¹) and the methods used for its analysis are poorly developed. The increasing attention given to seawater desalination in the Mediterranean environment, and related phenomena such as reverse osmosis membrane biofouling, have stimulated interest in seawater BOD close to the Spanish coast. In this study the BOD analysis protocol was refined by introduction of a new step in which a critical quantity of autochthonous microorganisms, measured as adenosine triphosphate, is added. For the samples analyzed, this improvement allowed us to obtain reliable and replicable BOD measurements, standardized with solutions of glucose-glutamic acid and acetate. After 7 days of analysis duration, more than 80% of ultimate BOD is achieved, which in the case of easily biodegradable compounds represents nearly a 60% of the theoretical oxygen demand. BOD₇ obtained from the Mediterranean Sea found to be 2.0 ± 0.3 mg O₂ L⁻¹ but this value decreased with seawater storage time due to the rapid consumption of labile compounds. No significant differences were found between two samples points located on the Spanish coast, since their organic matter content was similar. Finally, the determination of seawater BOD without the use of inoculum may lead to an underestimation of BOD.     

Study of BOD Microbial Sensors for Waste Water Treatment Control

A microbial sensor consisting of immobilized yeast or bacterial cells and an oxygen electrode was developed for the estimation of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). A flow-through system was used, and the response time was within 20 min. A linear relationship was observed between the relative current decrease and the BOD of the sample solution within the range of 1-45 mg/L. The storage lifetime was > 1 yr. The reproducibility was quite good, within 6% fsd at a concentration of 20 mg/L BOD. Satisfactory results were attained when the biosensor was applied to the determination of BOD in brewery-plant and glutamate-plant wastewater and in a river.

     

A mediator-type biosensor as a new approach to biochemical oxygen demand estimation

A novel biosensor for the determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was developed using potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) [HCF(III)] as a mediator. The sensor element consists of a three-electrode system, with both working and counter electrodes compactly integrated as a disposable using etching and electroplating processes. Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar V (isolated from a wastewater treatment plant) was immobilized on the surface of the working electrode using poly(vinyl alcohol)-quaternized stilbazol (PVA-SbQ) photopolymer gel. Synthetic wastewater described by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) was used as a standard solution instead of glucose-glutamic acid synthetic wastewater. The conditions of amperometric measurement were optimized at +600 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) operating potential, namely 40 mM HCF(III) in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 20 degrees C. The sensor response was linear from 15 up to 200 mg O l-1 BOD. The response time was 15 min at 200 mg O l-1 BOD. To demonstrate the wide metabolic range of activity of the sensor, the sensor response to 14 substances in four categories of organic compounds was investigated. Further, it was shown that the response of this BOD sensor was not influenced in samples with low concentrations of dissolved oxygen under the measuring conditions used. For real wastewaters, the BOD values were determined using the sensor and compared favorably with those determined by the conventional BOD5 method.     

Biodegradability of nylon 4 film in a marine environment

Biodegradability of nylon 4 in seawater from Tokyo Bay was investigated by weight loss and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of nylon 4 films. The remaining weight of nylon 4 film decreased with incubation time in the seawater, and the percentage of weight loss of nylon 4 film was 30% after 3 weeks. BOD biodegradability of nylon 4 film was approximately 80% within 25 days. Scanning electron microscopy images of the nylon 4 film before and after the seawater treatment revealed that the surface of the nylon 4 films was eroded after biodegradation in seawater. The average molecular weights of the nylon 4 films indicated no significant difference between before and after 30% weight loss of the film. Based on the present data, nylon 4 film was degraded on the surface of the film in the seawater. Furthermore, microbial degradation seemed to be one of the main degradation mechanisms of nylon 4.     

A Series Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbial Sensing Technique Used for Biochemical Oxygen Demand Assay in Environmental Monitoring

A new method for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) determination, which combines the series piezoelectric quartz crystal (SPQC) technique with the growth of a microorganism is presented in this paper. This method needs no immobilization of bacteria and is simple and convenient. When a calibration technique was used for BOD analysis, the detection time was 2.5 h at 37°C. There was a good linear relationship between the frequency shift and BOD value in the range 2.2–11 mg/L and the regression equation was ΔF = 64.10 + 11.23[BOD]. The proposed method was compared with the conventional BOD₅ method. This method was more rapid than the BOD₅ method and the results obtained by the former were in good agreement with those obtained by the latter. The experimental conditions are also discussed in detail.