单分散SiO2/PS复合粒子的制备

聚合物包覆无机物的核一壳结构复合粒子研究长期以来受到关注,源于其应用广泛．根据表面性质要求对无机相或者有机相表面进行功能化,可使得到的复合粒子与不同的应用体系相匹配．这类聚合物包覆无机物的有机／无机复合粒子,已在光学器件、分离、药品、农业、涂料等很多领域有广泛和潜在应用．本文制备这类复合粒子用于石油工业模型催化剂和助剂．     

高分子-无机复合纳米微球的制备和诊疗应用

目前,高分子-无机复合纳米微球因兼有高分子微球和无机纳米材料两者的性能优势而备受关注。其中,由可塑生物相容性的高分子与拥有特殊光、磁及电学性质的无机物组成的纳米微球,在疾病诊疗中应用前景广阔。功能高分子同多种无机粒子、活性分子可以复合形成多功能纳米微球,用于实现多模态成像诊断和可视化跟踪治疗。本文基于复合纳米微球的各种合成方法介绍,阐述了它们在靶向药物传输、生物成像、细胞分离、生物传感及热疗等诊疗领域的应用。同时,对纳米医疗领域前景和挑战进行了评述,为构建新型诊疗复合纳米微球提供有用信息。     

基于液晶聚合物的光致形变复合材料

可变形液晶聚合物是近年来的研究热点,它们在人造肌肉、软机器人和智能光学设备等智能软系统的开发中表现出巨大潜力。然而,传统热响应液晶聚合物的应用通常受到聚合物基体的低热导率以及对外部加热装置高度依赖性的限制。相比之下,光控方法具有许多优点,包括具有非接触式、远程原位以及精确操纵的能力,这有助于开发各种不受限制且可远程操作的智能软器件。最近,通过引入有机或无机光响应组分作为功能添加剂来开发光控可变形液晶聚合物有许多重要进展。其中,通过功能模块、液晶相和聚合物基质之间的相互作用,所引入组分的多种功能可以与液晶聚合物的定向变形行为相结合。本文将重点介绍掺入光敏有机染料或无机纳米组分的可光操作液晶聚合物复合体系的设计策略、制造方法和工作原理,并简要总结它们可能的应用和未来的发展。     

有机-无机复合粒子的制备技术研究进展

有机 无机复合粒子作为一种新型复合材料 ,结合了有机物和无机物的特点 ,已广泛应用于生物、医学、化工、电子、军事等领域。本文概述了有机 无机复合粒子的制备机理及制备技术的研究进展。     

基于DNA分子的纳米功能材料的设计、组装及应用

DNA除了作为一种遗传信息的载体分子之外,还可以通过折叠或组装从而形成特定的二维和三维结构。通过设计DNA分子的结构并探索其与纳米材料之间的相互作用的研究已经引起了国内外学术界的持续关注。DNA功能化的无机纳米材料促进了分析科学、生命科学以及环境科学的快速发展。本文将从疾病分子机制研究、疾病诊断和疾病治疗三个角度出发,探究面向生物医学分析应用的DNA分子功能化的无机纳米材料的设计与组装。除此之外,还对DNA功能化纳米材料技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

基于生物矿化的生物壳工程

生物矿化是生物体提高自身存活能力的重要手段,可以通过无机非生命体实现对有机生命体的保护和功能化.得益于这些自然现象的启发,我们将生物矿化原理应用于各种生物单元的功能化改造,进一步提出了仿生壳工程概念.经过生物矿化改造后,生物体系可以维持原有生物性质但又被人工材料赋予了新功能,在材料、生物、医学等各个领域有着重要的价值.本文对基于生物矿化的壳工程修饰方法及其应用进行了介绍,并对该领域的研究前景进行了展望.     

基于静态呼吸图技术的图案化方法

对呼吸图技术制备二维有序多孔结构的研究进展进行了综合评述, 并重点介绍了本课题组发展的静态呼吸图技术. 利用静态呼吸图法, 可制备高度有序的聚合物、聚合物/无机物微孔膜. 这些有序的结构可以直接应用于光掩膜. 进一步, 多孔聚合物膜可以被紫外光交联和改性. 表面改性的多孔聚合物膜可以用于细胞支架. 而交联的聚合物/无机物前驱体微孔膜可以用来制备无机纳米材料阵列. 结果表明, 静态呼吸图技术是一种简单、高效的对聚合物、聚合物/无机物薄膜进行图案化的通用方法,并展示了图案化薄膜广阔的功能化前景.     

高分子复合物纤维的研究进展

功能化和智能化是纤维发展的趋势.单一组分纤维难以满足日益发展的需求,而多组分纤维能够集中不同组分的特点,实现性能的集成与优化.通过非共价相互作用,高分子聚集而形成多组分均相体系,称为高分子复合物.利用高分子复合物的形成过程使纤维成型;或者直接利用高分子复合物进行纺丝而得到的纤维称为高分子复合物纤维.高分子复合物纤维,各组分可以达到分子层面上的相容性,给我们提供了一个功能纤维和智能纤维设计开发的平台.本文详细阐述了各类高分子复合物纤维的研究现状,并展望高分子复合物纤维的未来发展.     

聚集诱导发光有机小分子无机纳米复合材料的研究进展

有机-无机复合荧光纳米材料制备简便,生物相容性好,成像性能优异,在化学和生物传感、生物成像、催化及能源材料等领域受到很多关注.传统的荧光有机小分子与无机材料复合时,常发生荧光猝灭,而聚集诱导发光(Aggregation-InducedEmission,AIE)有机小分子在聚集态具有高发光量子产率,为有机-无机复合荧光纳米材料的研究提供了机遇.由于AIE有机小分子功能化的无机纳米材料独特的优点,人们对其设计、合成及应用进行了较多研究.综述了AIE有机小分子和多种类型的无机纳米结构(金属纳米颗粒、钙钛矿材料、层状材料、氧化物、硫化物等)复合材料的制备和应用的新进展,特别是在化学和生物传感、生物成像、药物输运、光热治疗、催化以及能源等领域的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

基于无机材料-微生物复合的半人工光合作用

基于无机材料-微生物复合半人工光合系统是在自然光合作用和人工光合作用研究进展到一定阶段,为克服各自的缺陷,实现微生物与无机材料优势互补而发展出来的一种研究体系。该体系的主要优势是将微生物的催化选择性与无机材料的光响应性结合起来,旨在解决人工光合作用体系催化选择性差的问题。目前,可以通过光催化剂-微生物复合和电极-微生物复合来实现基于无机材料-微生物复合的半人工光合作用。本文围绕基于无机材料-微生物复合的半人工光合作用,依次从半人工水氧化、半人工光合还原和材料-微生物界面等方面做了系统的阐述,重点介绍基于电极-微生物复合的半人工光合体系研究进展,对基于无机材料-微生物复合的半人工光合作用的领域现状做了分析和总结,并且对该领域的前景进行了展望。     

Structure and water sorption of polyurethane nanocomposites based on organic and inorganic components

Organic-inorganic polymer composites, consisting of a polyurethane organic phase and a mineral inorganic phase were prepared by the joint polymerization of the urethane oligomer with the water solution sodium silicate. The structure and the morphology of the composites, at a fixed weight fraction of the inorganic component of 20%, and of the corresponding pure polyurethane matrices were investigated by wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS, respectively). The results show similar size (5-7 nm) of the scale of heterogeneity of the composites due to the microphase separation of the rigid and the flexible blocks of the amorphous polyurethane matrix and due to the inorganic crystalline inclusions, i.e. the materials prepared are nanocomposites. The WAXS measurements indicate that the individual properties of the block inorganic component are lost in the nanocomposites, probably due to physical and chemical interactions between the two components. Water sorption from the liquid phase was studied gravimetrically in a composite and in the corresponding polyurethane. The results show high sorption capacity of the composite, due to the hydrophilicity of the inorganic phase and the elasticity of the polyurethane matrix, and allow to estimate the layer thickness of water adsorbed on the inorganic nanoparticle surface to about 20 nm, in reasonable agreement with a model adopted from the literature. WAXS and SAXS measurements on the swelled composite and the swelled-and-dried composite indicate changes in the structure of the inorganic component induced by water, which are, however, to a large extent reversible. These materials may find applications as gel electrolytes and as hydrogels in drug delivery systems.     

Polyolefin/layered silicate nanocomposites with functional compatibilizers

Polymer nanocomposites containing layered silicates have been considered as a new generation of composite materials due to their expected unique properties attributed to the high aspect ratio of the inorganic platelets. Nevertheless, addition of layered silicates to polyolefins mostly results in phase separated systems because of the incompatibility of the silicates with the non-polar polyolefins. Functional compatibilizers are required to enhance the interactions and alter the structure from phase separated micro-composites to intercalated and exfoliated nanocomposites. Commercial macromolecular compatibilizers (mainly maleic-anhydride-functionalized polyolefins) are most commonly used to improve the interfacial bonding between the fillers and the polymers whereas specifically synthesized functional homopolymers or copolymers have been utilized as well. In this article, we are reviewing a number of investigations, which studied the influence on the composite structure of various parameters like the compatilizer to inorganic ratio, the type and content of the functional groups and the molecular weight of the functional additive, the miscibility between the matrix polymer and the compatibilizer, the kind of surfactants modifying the inorganic surface, the processing conditions, etc. The most important results obtained utilizing maleic-anhydride-functionalized polyolefins are discussed first, whereas a summary is presented then of the studies performed utilizing other functional oligomers/polymers. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies supported by rheology indicate that the most important factor controlling the structure and the properties is the ratio of functional additive to organoclay whereas the miscibility between the matrix polymer and the compatibilizer is a prerequisite.     

Hybrid nanocomposites for optical applications

Incorporating inorganic particles into conjugated polymer matrices is an area of current interest in the fields of optoelectronics and solar energy. The hybrid nanocomposites exhibit interesting physical properties thanks to good optical properties of polymers and to high carrier mobility of inorganic semiconductors. A judicious combination of organic/inorganic can therefore provide materials of low cost, ease processing, high stability, with specific electrical and optical properties.In the present study, we briefly review the composite materials that have been successfully utilized in the field of optoelectronics and photovoltaic conversion. We shall describe in particular a family of nanocomposites using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) of general formula (RSiO_3/2)n where R is an organic group as a core. The composites are made by grafting functional polymer groups to the core, which allows the control of their optical properties. Such composites have high mechanical resistance and stability because of the special structure of the core. For illustration, we present a study of polyfluorene (PF)/POSS materials used as an active layer in organic light emitting diodes, with improved performance as compared to those using polymer only, and we discuss the role of the particles in the transport and emission processes in the devices studied.     

INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES FOR POLYMER SYSTEMS BASED ON DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL APPROACHES

The dynamic theological measurements have been a preferred approach to the characterization of the structure and properties for multi-component or multi-phase polymer systems, due to its sensitive response to changes of structure for these heterogeneous polymers. In the present article, recent progresses in the studies on dynamic theology for heterogeneous polymer systems including polymeric composites filled with inorganic particles, thermo-oxidized polyolefins, phaseseparated polymeric blends and functional polymers with the scaling and percolation behavior are reviewed, mainly depending on the results by the authors‘ group. By means of theological measurements, not only some new fingerprints responsible for the evolution of morphology and structure concerning these polymer systems are obtained, the corresponding results are also significant for the design and preparation of novel polymer-based composites and functional materials.     

聚对苯撑乙烯类共聚物/TiO2复合材料光物理性能的研究

两种经过化学修饰的PPV(聚对苯撑乙烯)类共轭高分子共聚物分别与纳米TiO₂复合,作为有机/无机复合材料进行研究.这两种共聚物在乙醇、二氯甲烷溶液中分别与以Sol-Gel法、反胶束法制得的TiO₂共混得到均匀分散的体系而不出现相分离.用共聚物与TiO₂的复合液可以在石英基底上制成均匀的复合膜.结果表明,高聚物/TiO₂复合物的光物理特性与单纯的高聚物相比呈现明显的差异;不同粒径的纳米TiO₂对复合物性能的影响不同;中间苯环的取代基对共聚物的性质影响明显.共轭高分子与纳米TiO₂复合涂膜后其发光性能明显改善,有作为发光器件的应用前景.     

Functional inorganic nanofillers for transparent polymers

The integration of inorganic nanoparticles into polymers has been used for the functionalization of polymer materials with great success. Whereas in traditional polymer composites, micron sized particles or agglomerates typically cause significant light scattering hampering optical applications, in nanocomposites the particle dimensions are small enough for the production of highly transparent composites. A challenge for the generation of such materials is to develop an integrated synthesis strategy adapting particle generation, surface modification and integration inside the polymer. Surface grafting using polymerizable surfactants or capping agents allows for linking the particles to the polymer. Novel techniques such as in situ polymerization and in situ particle processing are beneficial to avoid aggregation of inorganic particles inside the polymer matrix. The functions associated with inorganic fillers are widespread. Layered silicates and related materials are nowadays commercially available for improving mechanical and barrier properties in packaging. With the availability of highly transparent materials, the focus has shifted towards optical functions such as luminescence and UV-protection in transparent polymers. IR-active fillers are used in laser-holography for transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites. Refractive index modulation and ultrahigh refractive index films were developed based on inorganic materials such as PbS. The integration of magnetic nanoparticles has a great potential for applications such as electromagnetic interference shielding and magneto-optical storage.This tutorial review will summarize functions associated with the integration of inorganic nanofillers in polymers with a focus on optical properties.     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料Ⅰ.制备、表征及动态力学性能

用原位接枝插层法成功地制备了聚丙烯 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料 (PPMNC) .采用X射线衍射研究复合材料中蒙脱土硅酸盐片层间距 ,发现硅酸盐片层间距从 1 94nm升至 4nm左右 .同时研究了PPMNC的动态力学性能 ,结果表明 :PPMNC的动态储能模量明显高于聚丙烯 (PP) ,尤其在T >Tg 高温段 ,甚至可以达到PP基体的 2倍     

Supramolecular polymers fabricated by orthogonal self-assembly based on multiple hydrogen bonding and macrocyclic host–guest interactions

Supramolecular polymers constructed by orthogonal self-assembly based on multiple hydrogen bonding and macrocyclic host-guest interactions have received increasing attention due to their elegant structures,outstanding properties,and potential applications.Hydrogen bonding endows these supramolecular polymers with good adaptability and reversibility,while macrocyclic host-guest interactions give them good selectivity and versatile stimuli-responsiveness.Therefore,functional supramolecular polymers fabricated by these two highly specific,noninterfering interactions in an orthogonal way have shown wide applications in the fields of molecular machines,electronics,soft materials,etc.In this review,we discuss the recent advances of functional supramolecular polymers fabricated by orthogonal self-assembly based on multiple hydroge n bonding and host-guest interactions.In particular,we focus on crown ether-and pillar[n]arene-based supramolecular polymers due to their compatibility with multiple hydrogen bonds in organic solution.The fabrication strategies,interesting properties,and potential applications of these advanced supramolecular materials are mainly concerned.     

Advances in reactive polymeric surfactants for interface modification

Continued development of up-to-date polymer composite materials demands the design of certain interfacial layers in composite structure. The aim of this paper was to review recent advances in the synthesis of reactive polymeric surfactants (RPSs) and the application of 14 different RPSs for the modification of the interface in aqueous dispersions of polymers, reinforced polymer-based composites, and polymer blends. The activation (peroxidation) of planar polymer surfaces with RPSs for their further modification in order to impart specific surface properties was discussed as well. In the paper method of compatibilization of the blends of thermodynamically immiscible polymers through the formation in situ of a universal compatibilizer based on RPS was introduced. Finally, the features of the RPS macromolecules' adsorption on the surface of latex particles, inorganic filler particles, and planar polymer surfaces along with the formation of adsorbed reactive polymer layers are discussed.